Impact and mechanism of bisphosphonate depressant 1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid on flotation decalcification of dolomite-rich magnesite ore

Given the depletion of high-quality magnesite deposits and the rising demand for high-end magnesium materials,the separation and utilization of high-calcium magnesite ores have become essential.However,the similar surface properties and solubility of semi-soluble salt-type minerals,pose significant challenges for the utilization of dolomite-rich magnesite resources.In this study,1-hydroxypropane-1,1-di phosphonic acid(HPDP)was identified for the first time as a high-performance depressant for dolomite.Various tests,including contact angle measurements,ζ potential analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy,were conducted to elucidate the interfacial interaction mechanisms of HPDP on the surfaces of the two minerals at different scales.Additionally,molecular modeling calculations were used to detail the spatial matching relationship between HPDP and the crystal faces of the two minerals.It was emphasized that HPDP specifically adsorbed onto the dolomite surface by forming calcium phosphonate,ensuring that the dolomite surface remained hydrophilic and sank.Moreover,it was found that the adsorption strength of HPDP on the mineral surfaces depended on the activity of the metal sites and their spatial distribution.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular design of flotation reagents for high-calcium magnesite ores.

Role of tannin pretreatment in flotation separation of magnesite and dolomite

Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.

Effect of depressants on flotation separation of magnesite from dolomite and calcite

The flotation separation of magnesite from calcium-containing minerals has always been a difficult subject in minerals processing.This work studied the inhibition effects of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),sodium lignosulphonate,polyaspartic acid(PASP)and sodium silicate on flotation behaviors of magnesite,dolomite and calcite,providing guidance for the development of reagents in magnesite flotation.The micro-flotation results showed that among these four depressants,sodium silicate presented the strongest selectivity due to the highest recovery difference,and the flotation separation of magnesite from dolomite and calcite could be achieved by using sodium silicate as the depressant.Contact angle measurement indicated that the addition of sodium silicate caused the largest differences in surface wettability of the three minerals,which was in line with micro-flotation tests.Furthermore,zeta potential test,the Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and atomic force microscope(AFM)imaging were used to reveal the inhibition mechanism of sodium silicate.The results indicated that the dominated component SiO(OH)3
of sodium silicate could adsorb on minerals surfaces,and the adsorption of sodium silicate hardly affected the adsorption of NaOL on magnesite surface,but caused the reduction of NaOL adsorption on dolomite and calcite surfaces,thereby increasing the flotation selectivity.

Kinetics of extracting magnesium from mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

The vacuum aluminothermic reduction of the mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite was studied. An isothermal reduction method satisfying the vacuum aluminothermic reduction was proposed. The experiments were carried out at 4 Pa. The results indicate that the reduction rate is increased with increasing temperature, content of aluminum and pellet forming pressure. The XRD patterns of pellets at different reduction stages confirm that the reduction process can be roughly classified into three stages：the formation of MgAl2O4, and Ca12Al14O33 phases;the phase transformation from MgAl2O4 and C12A7 to CaAl2O4;the formation of CaAl4O7 phase. The experimental data were divided into three parts according to the kinetic models. The apparent activation energies of the three parts were determined to be 98.2, 133.0 and 223.3 kJ/mol, respectively.

Mechanism of extracting magenesium from mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

The process of aluminothermic reduction of a mixture of calcined dolomite and calcined magnesite had been developed. The mechanism of the process was studied by SEM and EDS. The reduction process was divided into three stages:0≤ηt/ηf≤0.43±0.06, 0.43±0.06≤ηt/ηf≤0.9±0.02 and 0.9±0.02≤ηt/ηf<1, whereηt andηf are the reduction ratio at time t and the final reduction ratio obtained in the experiment at temperature T, respectively. The first stage included the direct reaction between calcined dolomite or calcined magnesite and Al with 12CaO·7Al2O3 and MgO·Al2O3 as products. The reaction rate depended on the chemical reaction. The CA phase was mainly produced in the second stage and the overall reaction rate was determined by both the diffusion of Ca2+ with molten Al and the chemical reaction. The CA2 phase was mainly produced in the third stage and the reaction process was controlled by the diffusion of Ca2+.

Flotation separation of quartz from magnesite using carboxymethyl cellulose as depressant

Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was introduced as a depressant in reverse flotation separation of quartz from magnesite.The flotation behavior and surface properties of magnesite and quartz exposed to CMC were studied by zeta potential tests,atomic force microscopy imaging and contact angle measurements.The addition of CMC as the depressant in reverse flotation using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector exhibited a selectively depressive performance towards magnesite and achieved an improved recovery of magnesite.The study of surface properties demonstrated that CMC and DDA exhibited different adsorption strengths on the surface of magnesite and quartz.It was found that the adsorption of CMC on magnesite surface was stronger than that of DDA,which hindered the subsequent adsorption of DDA on magnesite surface.On the contrary,the quartz surface was strongly adsorbed by DDA instead of CMC,which proved that the addition of CMC did not influence the flotation of quartz.

Research on new beneficiation process of low-grade magnesite using vertical roller mill

We investigated whether the vertical roller mill can be efficiently used in the beneficiation of low-grade magnesite and whether it can improve upon the separation indices achieved by the ball mill.We conducted experiments involving the reverse flotation and positive flotation of low-grade magnesite to determine the optimum process parameters,and then performed closed-circuit beneficiation experiments using the vertical roller mill and ball mill.The results show that the optimum process parameters for the vertical roller mill are as follows:a grinding fineness of 81.6wt%of particles less than 0.074 mm,a dodecyl amine(DDA)dosage in magnesite reverse flotation of 100 g·t?1,and dosages of Na2CO3,(NaPO3)6,and NaOL in the positive flotation section of 1000,100,and 1000 g·t?1,respectively.Compared with the ball mill,the use of the vertical roller mill in the beneficiation of low-grade magnesite resulted in a 1.28%increase in the concentrate grade of MgO and a 5.88%increase in the recovery of MgO.The results of our causation mechanism analysis show that a higher specific surface area and greater surface roughness are the main reasons for the better flotation performance of particles ground by the vertical roller mill in the beneficiation of lowgrade magnesite.

Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Magnesite Deposits in China

China has abundant reserves of magnesite, making it the world’s leading source of this strategic mineral.Sparry magnesite is the main type of magnesite deposit, and is easy to exploit.It occurs mainly as the sedimentary-metamorphic type.Production is centred on eastern Liaoning Province, where a world-class large to super large magnesite ore processing and production facility has been developed.Hydrothermal metasomatic deposits, associated with ultramafic complexes and eluvial deposits produced by weathering, are two other important types found in China.The Western section of the Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt is an important target region for prospecting lake-sedimentary magnesite deposits.Based on a systematic analysis of material from 62 magnesite production areas, this study investigated the metallogeny of magnesite and delineated 13 magnesite metallogenic belts.Maps were produced showing metallogenic regularities in magnesite deposits, the metallogenic system of the magnesite deposits, and the distribution of the metallogenic belts of Chinese magnesite deposits.It provides a theoretical basis for forecasting the location of potential magnesite resources in China.Finally, it explores some key scientific issues, including the formation processes of ultra magnesite ore-concentrated areas, and their sources of magnesium.

Magnesite and talc origin in the sequence of geodynamic events in Veporicum, Inner Western Carpathians, Slovakia

This paper summarizes recent data about magnesite and talc genesis in Carboniferous host rocks of Western Carpathians (Slovakia) , which occur in two distinct belts in tectonic superunit Veporicum and its contact zone with Gemericum. The northern Sinec magnesite and talc belt (with main deposits Kokava, Sinec, Samo, Hnust'a-Mutnik) contains economic accummulation of magnesite and talc, while in the southern Ochtina belt ( main deposits in Dubrava massif-Dubrava, Mikova, Jedl'ovec; Lubenik, Ochtina, Kosice-Bankov, Banisko, Medvedia) the magnesite is dominating.The magnesite genesis by successive replacement of Carboniferous calcite to dolomite and magnesite during metamorphic process Ml (northern belt 280-400℃; , southern belt 370-420℃: ; Radvanec & Prochaska, 2001; Kodera & Radvanec, 2002) , being supplied by Mg from Permoscythian evaporitic bittern brines, relates to Variscan post-collisional (post-VD) evolution. The extensional tectonics and the high heat flow facilitated the generation of a hydrothermal system.The time-separated later metamorphic and sourcely different fluid flow event (M2; 1. c. ) produced talc. Tectonic, microtectonic, metamorphic and geochronological data relate the talc origin with the Alpine Upper Cretaceous (88-84 Ma; Maluski in Kovacik et al. , 1996) tectonothermal event AD2. This event, being the consequence of Alpine collisional ( AD1 ) crustal thickening and metamorphic core complex origin, meant regional extension and pervasive fluid flow of open system in crustal discontinuities. This process was prominent in the northern belt ( Sinec shear zone) located more closely to Veporic thermal dome, while towards its peripheral parts (southern Ochtina belt) the M2 metamorphic process and steatitization gradually weakened.Studies from Sinec shear zone (being the prominent AD2 -AD3 structure of northern Sinec belt) , where the dolomite/magnesite lenses (replacement in M1) and their accompanying lithology were in AD1 sandwitched between more competent basement blocks, proved in AD2 the pervasite steatitization, the talc and dolomite 2 origin in extensional microstructures ( metamorphic process M2; 490 -540℃, 240-330 MPa, 1. c. ).The economic accummulations of talc in Sinec belt are the products of antithetic shearing during the AD3 phase, being the gradual continuation of AD2 ( change of kinematics from unroofing to regional transpressional shearing). Contrary to the northern Sinec belt having located the AD3 deformation into narrow shear zone with soft lithology surrounded by hard lithology, in southern Ochtina belt the deformation AD3 was accommodated by wide soft rock column with rigid carbonate blocks floating inside. The lower P-T ( M2)conditions and deformational gradient in Ochtina belt during AD2 and AD3 phases caused why no economic talc accummulations developed there.The results of presented study can be used as general criteria for magnesite and talc prospection in Alpine type terranes.

Approaches to High-grade Sintered Magnesia from Natural Magnesite

It is hard to manufacture high purity,dense sintered-magnesia from natural magnesite in the prevailing process of calcining and sintering,for two reasons:a)impurity,and b)low sintering activity of coarse-grained magnesite.In this paper,95%MgO magnesite was used as the starting material and finally magnesia of high density(3.47 g/cm^3)and high purity(98%MgO)was obtained after the flotation purification and a three-step sintering process.An industrial scale of the beneficiation system of natural magnesite was introduced for magnesite purification.In lab experimental,the three-step sintering process was implemented by calcining,hydrating,re-calcining and sintering,which has proven the possibility of densified magnesia from natural magnesite.

EFFECT OF SODIUM OLEATE ON FLOTATION OF MAGNESITE

Laboratory studies were made on the floatabil-ity of magnesite and dolomite with sodium oieate as the collector. The adsorption mechanism of sodium oieate on the surface of minerals was examined. The results show that the ion-molecule association polymer of oieate in the pulp is a main active component of the collector . In both neutral and basic media , the adsorption type of sodium oieate on the surface of carbonate minerals is mainly chemisorp-tion, forming Mg(Ol)2 and Mg(Ol)2·HOl.

Influence of Light Calcining Hydration of Magnesite on MgO Sintering

Sintered magnesia clinker （also called sintered MgO ） was prepared with Mg（ OH）2 （prepared by light calcining hydration of magnesite ） and magnesite as starting materials, respectively, by the technical process ： light calcining （850 ℃ 1 h） → grinding → molding → firing （1 600 ℃ 3 h ）. The morphology and structure of light calcined MgO powders prepared with magnesite or Mg（ OH）2 were analyzed by XRD, SEM and FT-IR. The sinterability and microstructure of sintered magnesia prepared with magnesite or Mg（ OH） 2 were researched. The results showed that： （1） light calcined MgO powders prepared with magnesite or Mg （OH）2 were both face-centered cubic structure. The light calcined MgO prepared with magnesite had the residual of functional group CO3^2-, and that prepared with Mg （OH） 2 didn＇ t have CO3^2- , and was easy to break, which reduced the grinding time. （2） Because of the high activity of the light calcined MgO prepared with Mg（ OH） 2 and the catalysis of the water residual in the decomposing process of Mg（ OH） 2, the apparent porosity of sintered magnesia decreased to 0. 6% from 2.0% of before hydration, closed porosity decreased to 2. 8% from 6. 1%, and bulk density increased to 3. 46 g · cm^ -3 from 3.29 g · cm^ -1.

Preparation of Light-burned MgO by Microcrystalline Magnesite and Its Application Prospect Analysis

In order to widen the application of microcrystalline magnesite, the microcrystalline magnesite in Sichuan and Tibet area was used as the raw material to prepare light-burned MgO at 700,800,900, 1 000, 1 100 and I 200 ~C for 3 h, respectively. Then the physical and chemical properties of the light-burned MgO were detec- ted, and its application prospect was analyzed. The re- sults show that： （1） microcrystalline magnesite com- pletely decomposes forming light-burned MgO calcined at the temperature range of 700 - 1 200 ~C ; the MgO con- tent of the light-burned MgO is higher than 96. 51% ; the chemical activity is 88 - 130 s and the grain size is 40 - 200 nm ; it has the advantages of high purity, high activity and fine grain; （2） the light-burned MgO pre- pared with microcrystalline magnesite can be widely used in many industries; it can be used in refractories indus- try to prepare high-purity sintered magnesia and large crystal fused magnesia, or as an additive for refractory products, etc. ; it can also be used in magnesium chemi- cal industry to prepare electrical grade magnesia, sili- con-steel magnesia, environmental friendly flame retard- ant magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate fertilizer, pharmaceutical grade magnesia, food grade magnesia, etc.

Slag Resistance of Magnesite-chrome Brick Impregnated with Chrome-bearing Sols

Cr2O3 has eminent slag corrosion resistance. So, the magnesite -chrome brick is thought as an important refractory material used in RH refining furnace in the process of steel-making around the world. After chromebearing sols being prepared by sol-gel method, single sol （ Cr（ OH）3） and mixed sol （ Mg（ OH）2 - Cr（ OH）3） were impregnated into magnesite - chrome bricks by vacuum impregnation. The corrosion resistance of the impregnated bricks to silicon steel slag was studied by porosimetric analysis and fractal dimension calculation. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of impregnated magnesite -chrome brick was better than that of the unimpregnated brick and the brick impregnated by MgSO4 solution, and the one which has surface-treated by Mg（ OH）2 -Cr（OH）3 sol was the best, mainly because of lower apparent porosity, smaller pores diameter and their smoother inner sarface.

Adsorption behavior of CO_(2) in magnesite micro-pores at high temperature and pressure

The fluid inclusions in mantle rocks and melt indicated that a large amount of CO_(2)fluid exists in the deep earth,which is of great significance for understanding the deep carbon cycle and the composition of mantle.However,it was also suggested that carbonate minerals were likely to be the main host of mantle carbon.At the same time,the distribution and behavior of carbon in the mantle still remain a puzzle.In this paper,the adsorption behavior and occurrence characteristics of supercritical CO_(2)in magnesite(MgCO3)pores were studied by the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method(GCMC)under the different conditions of CO_(2)pressures(0–100 MPa),temperatures(350–1500 K)and the pore sizes(7.5–30Å).The simulated results showed that the adsorption of CO_(2)in magnesite was a physical adsorption,which was mainly controlled by the intermolecular force.The gas adsorption became more stable when the adsorption site shifted from the high energy site to the low energy site with increasing pressure(P)and decreasing temperature(T)and pore size.At the same time,the variations of excess adsorption amounts of CO_(2)in the pores of magnesite(Nexcess)under the different conditions were quantitatively calculated.It was found that the Nexcess decreased with increasing T,but increased with increasing P and pore size.The results favor understanding the CO_(2)migration,seismic precursor observations,and heat transfer process in the deep earth.

Direct impact characteristics of magnesite fragmentation by pulsed discharge in water

To clarify direct impact characteristics(pressure and position) of middle-grade magnesite fragmentation by pulsed discharge in water, this work uses pressure film to accomplish passive measurement through pulsed discharge experiment and obtain the pressure. The impact position is determined by image analysis of fragmentation product morphology, crack edge and discharge channel. Then, pressure load on magnesite surface is numerically analyzed based on the measured pressure obtained from the film. Results indicate that, at 10 mm discharge gap, the impact pressure increases with the discharge voltage, and the discharge voltage to disintegrate magnesite is-40 kV. The impact position is normally in the boundary among different mineral components.Simulation analysis indicates that, the pressure load applied directly on magnesite surface is approximately 142.5 MPa at-40 kV and greater than the compressive strength of magnesite, thus leading to the fragmentation.

Liaoning Magnesite Company

Liaoning Magnesite Company is a ma-jor company producing and marketing vari-ous kinds of magnesia-based refractoriesand is affiliated directly to the Ministry ofMetallurgical Industry of China.The company was founded in April,1980 by a merging of the original DashiqiaoMagnesite Mine,Haicheng Magnesite Mineof the Anshan Iron and Steel Company,andYingkou Magnesite Mine.

Crystallographic Characterization and Themal Decomposition Behavior of High-Purity Microcrystalline Magnesite

The intergranular cracking face is smooth and Iransgranular cracking fracture shows trace of cleavage. It is hard to .tirol characteristic rhombus in the dense small crystals. As measured by SEM, the particle size of microcrystalline magnesite originating in Sichuan - Tibet is uniform, most grains range in 2 -4 μm. Three-dimensional （ 3D ） crystal morphology assumes cubic or column.

Preparation of Active MgO and High Purity Sintered Magnesia from Microcrystalline Magnesite

In order to widen the application of microcrystalline magnesite,the thermal decomposition behavior of the microcrystalline magnesite in Sichuan and Tibet area was firstly studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Then the effects of the calcination temperature,calcination time and particle size on the preparation of active Mg O from microcrystalline magnesite were studied by orthogonal experimental design. At last,high purity sintered magnesia was prepared by two-step calcination,meanwhile the effects of the light burning temperature,particle size of the light-burned Mg O powder,molding pressure and the hydration rate of light-burned Mg O powder on the properties of high purity sintered magnesia were studied.The results show that:（ 1） the calcination temperature has the greatest influence on the activity of light-burned MgO,followed by the holding time and the particle size;the optimal process of light burning for preparing active MgO is the microcrystalline magnesite with particle size of 1-0. 5 mm heat-treating at 700 ℃ for 2 h; under these conditions,the microcrystalline magnesite decomposes completely; the average grain size of the obtained product is about 21. 4 nm,and its activity of CAA is20. 16 s;（ 2） the effect of the light burning temperature on the density of high purity sintered magnesia is not obvious; the fineness of the light burning Mg O powder and molding pressure help to increase the density of sintered magnesia; the lower the hydration rate of the lightburned Mg O, the higher the density of the sintered magnesia; the high-purity sintered magnesite withw（ MgO） ≥98% and bulk density≥3. 40 g/cm;can be prepared by the two-step calcination; the grains are fine with size of 30-200 μm and the impurity at grain boundaries is little.

Research on Synthetic Forsterite with Magnesite Tailings

High purity forsterite was prepared with magnesite tailings and quartz pounder as starting materials. The influence of the preparution process on the physical properties of the synthetic forsterite was studied. The ph,se composition and the microstructure of the synthetic forsterite were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The results ,show thal the composites with 63% MgO fired at 1 670℃ exhibit the highest compact structure.