Research advances of magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide in 2022

More than 4600 papers in the field of Mg and Mg alloys were published and indexed in the Web of Science(WoS)Core Collection database in 2022.The bibliometric analyses indicate that the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion of Mg alloys are still the main research focus.Bio-Mg materials,Mg ion batteries and hydrogen storage Mg materials have attracted much attention.Notable contributions to the research and development of magnesium alloys were made by Chongqing University(>200 papers),Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and Northeastern University(>100 papers)in China,Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon in Germany,Ohio State University in the USA,the University of Queensland in Australia,Kumanto University in Japan,and Seoul National University in Korea,University of Tehran in Iran,and National University of Singapore in Singapore,etc.This review is aimed to summarize the progress in the development of structural and functional Mg and Mg alloys in 2022.Based on the issues and challenges identified here,some future research directions are suggested.

Research advances of magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide in 2021

More than 4000 papers in the field of Mg and Mg alloys were published and indexed in Web of Science(WoS)Core Collection database in 2021.The bibliometric analyses indicate that the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion of Mg alloys still are the main research focus.Mg ion batteries and hydrogen storage Mg materials have attracted much attention.Significant contributions to the research and development of magnesium alloys were made by Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Chinese Academy of Sciences in China,Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon in Germany,Ohio State University in the United States,the University of Queensland in Australia,Kumanto University in Japan,and Seoul National University in Korea,University of Tehran in Iran,etc..This review is aimed to summarize the progress in the development of structural and functional Mg and Mg alloys in 2021.Based on the issues and challenges identified here,some future research directions are suggested.

Latest research advances on magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide

In the past two years,significant progresses have been achieved in high-performance cast and wrought magnesium and magnesium alloys,magnesium-based composites,advanced cast technologies,advanced processing technologies,and functional magnesium materials,such as Mg ion batteries,hydrogen storage Mg materials,bio-magnesium alloys,etc.Great contributions to the development of new magnesium alloys and their processing technologies have been made by Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht,Queensland University,Brunel University,etc.This review paper is aimed to summarize the latest important advances in cast magnesium alloys,wrought magnesium alloys and functional magnesium materials worldwide in 2018–2019,including both the development of new materials and the innovation of their processing technologies.Based on the issues and challenges identified here,some future research directions are suggested,including further development of high-performance magnesium alloys having high strength and superior plasticity together with high corrosion resistance and low cost,and fundamental research on the phase diagram,diffusion,precipitation,etc.,as well as the development of advanced welding and joining technology.

A two-step superplastic forging forming of semi-continuously cast AZ70 magnesium alloy

A two-step technology combined forging with superplastic forming has been developed to enhance the forgeability of semi-continuously cast AZ70 magnesium alloy and realize the application of the as-cast magnesium alloy in large deformation bullet shell.In the first step,fine-grained microstructure preforms that are suitable for superplastic forming were obtained by reasonably designing the size of the initial blanks with the specific height-to-diameter ratio,upsetting the blanks and subsequent annealing.In the second step,the heat treated preforms were forged into the end products at the superplastic conditions.The end products exhibit high quality surface and satisfied microstructure.Consequently,this forming technology that not only avoids complicating the material preparation but also utilizes higher strain rate superplastic provides a near net-shaped novel method on magnesium forging forming technology using as-cast billet.

Tsinghua University Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology

Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is a non-independent legal research organization located in Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University. The center was equipped with one set of 650t automatic magnesium and aluminum alloys diecasting machine and necessary accessories including the melting furnaces for magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, an accurate magnesium pump to transfer the magnesium alloys to the shot sleeve of the die casting machine, a die temperature controller, and data logging systems for cavity pressure and die temperature distributions, etc. The center is aimed to the research and development of magnesium and aluminum die casting process and their related technologies, and the main research contents include:

Status quo and development trend of lost foam casting technology

Lost foam casting(LFC)technology has been widely applied to cast iron and cast steel.However,the development of LFC for Al and Mg alloys was relatively slower than that for cast iron and cast steel.The application of LFC to Al and Mg alloys needs more effort,especially in China.In this paper,the development history of LFC is reviewed,and the application situations of LFC to Al and Mg alloys are mainly discussed.Meanwhile,the key problems of LFC for Al and Mg alloys are also pointed out.Finally,the prospects for LFC technology are discussed,and some special new LFC technologies are introduced for casting Al and Mg alloys.In future,the development trends of green LFC technology mainly focus on the special new LFC methods,metal material,coating,heat treatment,new foam materials as well as purification technology of tail gas,etc.

Magnesium research in Canada:Highlights of the last two decades

The highlights of major Canadian research projects of last two decades that aimed at advancing applications of magnesium and its alloys,being at the heart of lightweighting and ecological sustainability, are outlined. The research at universities, government laboratories, and other dedicated institutions, funded primarily through federal programs, was accompanied by strong activities of the industrial sector involved in designing and building the machinery for magnesium processing and production of components from magnesium alloys. The overall research directions matched the global trends of overcoming the key challenges that prevent magnesium alloys to play the major role in large-scale applications. Among industrially oriented projects the processing technologies in liquid, semisolid and solid states such as casting, twin roll casting, injection molding, rolling, extrusion, forging, and joining techniques were frequently pursued. Although the fundamental research aimed at understanding of a variety of magnesium behaviors and structural peculiarities up to nano and atomic levels, its essence spread around the inherently poor formability and high reactivity at room and elevated temperatures, including the ignition/flammability concerns.In recent years, a shift in research interests was observed and novel directions emerged such as magnesium air batteries, biodegradable alloys, additive manufacturing, and magnesium-rich high entropy alloys. The volume of data gathered in this report may constitute a base for specifically oriented assessments, analyses, and drawing conclusions.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology published “Access Condition for Magnesium Industry”

On March 14, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology formally published "Access Condition for Magnesium Industry", which put forward access restriction in aspects of scale layout, technological equipment, product quality, resource and energy consumption,

镁合金表面介孔SiO_(2)改性等离子体电解氧化复合涂层组织与性能研究

为了在镁合金表面制备对损伤具有自修复能力的复合涂层,本文将负载了缓蚀剂8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)的介孔SiO_(2)微容器掺杂在环氧树脂涂层中,并涂敷在经等离子电解氧化处理的镁合金AZ91D试样表面,制备了介孔SiO_(2)改性的等离子体电解氧化复合涂层。采用TEM、FT-IR、UV及TGA研究了8-HQ在微容器中的负载及释放规律;通过SEM、电化学测试研究了改性后的复合涂层表面微观形貌、耐蚀性、自修复效果及其自修复机理。研究结果表明:8-HQ在介孔SiO_(2)内的最大负载率约为16%,并在40 min内基本释放完全;通过预制缺陷,证明了涂层具备自修复能力,且自修复效率约为93%;改性后的复合涂层表现出更好的耐蚀性,从而提高了镁合金在实际应用中的使用寿命。

低压铸造镁合金研究现状及展望

低压铸造是生产大型、复杂、高性能镁合金铸件的重要工艺之一,近年来表现出较高的应用前景,也越来越受到研究者们的关注。本文介绍了低压铸造镁合金的发展现状、成形工艺及特点、主要材料分类、强化机制、热处理方案和常见缺陷等,并对将来低压铸造镁合金的发展方向进行了展望。

铝镁合金焊接气孔的探究与对策

随着科学技术持续发展,各种类型的新型材料已经在应用领域发挥价值,而且不断扩展使用范围。铝合金就是先进科技成果,其中的科技含量非常高,独特之处在于,其具有良好的耐腐蚀性,低温强度比较高,与其他的金属相比较,质量相对比较轻,而且持久耐用。当前,该种材料已经被工业企业所关注,并大量应用,特别是比较特殊的石油化工企业以及低温工程中,更加青睐于该种材料,主要发挥强度高且具有耐腐蚀性的特性。但仍需要注意一个重要问题,就是铝镁合金比较坚硬,质量轻,而且壁薄,因此,在进行焊接的过程中容易产生气孔,严重影响工程质量。为了有效规避和处理这方面的问题,本论文研究铝镁合金焊接气孔并提出相应对策。

镁铝合金热处理工艺优化及性能提升研究

近年来,随着航空、汽车及消费电子等领域对轻质材料需求的迅速增长,镁铝合金因其低密度和良好的机械性能而成为研究的热点。然而,其应用受限于合金的强度、塑性及耐蚀性等方面的性能。因此,本研究旨在通过优化热处理工艺来提升镁铝合金的综合性能。本文深入探讨了热处理后合金的显微组织变化,以及这些变化如何影响合金的机械性能和耐腐蚀性,从而为工业应用提供科学依据和技术支持。

镁铝合金最新焊接技术要点探讨

镁铝合金作为现代工业中不可或缺的重要材料,其焊接技术的发展直接关系到材料应用的广度和深度。本文探讨了镁铝合金的最新焊接技术要点,重点介绍了激光焊接、搅拌摩擦焊、电子束焊等前沿焊接技术。这些技术以其高效、精确、低变形等优势,在镁铝合金的焊接中展现出巨大的应用潜力。文章还分析了这些技术的工艺特点、操作要点及在镁铝合金焊接中的具体应用效果,为镁铝合金焊接技术的发展提供了参考。

层状镁/铝合金复合板制备技术研究进展

镁/铝合金复合板兼具镁、铝合金各自性能特点,对改善镁合金腐蚀性能、扩展镁合金应用范围具有较好的作用。目前常用制备镁/铝合金复合板的方法有挤压复合法、轧制复合法、爆炸焊接复合法、扩散焊接法等。就常用制备工艺原理进行阐述,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了讨论。

High temperature oxidation treated 3D printed anatomical WE43 alloy scaffolds for repairing periarticular bone defects:In vitro and in vivo studies

Reconstruction of subarticular bone defects is an intractable challenge in orthopedics.The simultaneous repair of cancellous defects,fractures,and cartilage damage is an ideal surgical outcome.3D printed porous anatomical WE43(magnesium with 4 wt%yttrium and 3 wt%rare earths)scaffolds have many advantages for repairing such bone defects,including good biocompatibility,appropriate mechanical strength,customizable shape and structure,and biodegradability.In a previous investigation,we successfully enhanced the corrosion resistance of WE43 samples via high temperature oxidation(HTO).In the present study,we explored the feasibility and effectiveness of HTO-treated 3D printed porous anatomical WE43 scaffolds for repairing the cancellous bone defects accompanied by split fractures via in vitro and in vivo experiments.After HTO treatment,a dense oxidation layer mainly composed of Y2O3 and Nd2O3 formed on the surface of scaffolds.In addition,the majority of the grains were equiaxed,with an average grain size of 7.4μm.Cell and rabbit experiments confirmed the non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the HTO-treated WE43 scaffolds.After the implantation of scaffolds inside bone defects,their porous structures could be maintained for more than 12 weeks without penetration and for more than 6 weeks with penetration.During the postoperative follow-up period for up to 48 weeks,radiographic examinations and histological analysis revealed that abundant bone gradually regenerated along with scaffold degradation,and stable osseointegration formed between new bone and scaffold residues.MRI images further demonstrated no evidence of any obvious damage to the cartilage,ligaments,or menisci,confirming the absence of traumatic osteoarthritis.Moreover,finite element analysis and biomechanical tests further verified that the scaffolds was conducive to a uniform mechanical distribution.In conclusion,applying the HTO-treated 3D printed porous anatomical WE43 scaffolds exhibited favorable repairing effects for subarticular cancellous bone defects,possessing great potential for clinical application.

快速凝固/粉末冶金技术制备挤压态AZ91合金热加工性能研究

对快速凝固粉末冶金制备的挤压AZ91镁合金,在温度为250—400℃、应变速率范围为0.01—1 s^(-1)下进行了热压缩变形试验。同时,利用热加工图分析评价了合金的热加工特性。结果表明:合金的流变应力,随变形温度的升高或应变速率的减小而减小;同时,基于双曲正弦关系建立了描述流变应力行为的本构方程,RS/PM制备的AZ91挤压合金的热变形机制为晶格扩散控制的位错蠕变;通过微观组织验证了动态再结晶和流变失稳行为,当温度高于350℃、应变速率在0.01—0.1 s^(-1)时,合金的可加工性最佳。

异质结构变形镁合金的研究进展

异质结构由机械性能存在显著差异的软区和硬区组成,变形过程中软区和硬区不同的机械性能可诱发额外的强韧化机制,从而影响材料的综合机械性能。近年来,异质结构镁合金的制备工艺和性能改善机制研究受到了材料工作者的广泛关注。综述了双相结构、双峰结构、异质片层结构和梯度结构4种典型异质结构变形镁合金的制备工艺和性能特点,并讨论了异质结构镁合金的发展现状以及该领域面临的挑战,为新型异质结构镁合金的应用指明了方向。

基于冰冻装卡的镁锂合金零件铣削工艺参数对切削温度的影响与仿真验证

本文以镁锂合金材料的卫星机箱壳体零件为对象,研究不同铣削工艺参数加工镁锂合金壳体时冰冻装卡方式降低壳体温度效果。借助冰冻盘和红外测温仪进行镁锂合金壳体铣削加工实验,探索冰冻装卡工艺方法对镁锂合金壳体零件及切削区域的温度影响效果。结果表明,主轴转速n在1500~3500r/min、背吃刀量ap在0.3~0.7mm、进给量F在300~550mm/min的工艺参数范围内,冰冻装卡方法能有效控制镁锂合金壳体零件的加工部位和切削区域的温度,使镁锂合金壳体零件的切削加工过程零件温度和切削区域平均温度,远远低于镁锂合金材料燃点温度,显著避免加工过程中切屑燃烧的安全隐患,极大提高加工效率。该工艺方法在某卫星的陀螺仪控制壳体加工中成功应用。

变形镁合金成形工艺研究及其应用

变形镁合金塑性加工是目前镁合金研究的前沿领域。综述了变形镁合金主要的成形工艺方法及应用领域,介绍了变形镁合金挤压、轧制、锻造、冲压、超塑变形等变形工艺的特点和关键;展望了变形镁合金的应用发展,指出了其成形工艺在军工、汽车、电子、航空航天等领域具有越来越广阔的应用前景。

镁合金板材轧制工艺及组织性能分析

在研究镁合金板材熔铸及加工工艺的基础上,以AZ31B镁合金为材料,以优化组织性能为目标,通过控制轧制温度、压下制度、控温轧制和退火制度,轧制出σb≥280MPa,σ0.2≥160MPa,δ≥16%的镁合金板材,所轧制出的板材成功地得到实际应用,并对工艺制度的合理性从理论上进行了分析。