Effect of process parameters on microstructure and properties of AM50A magnesium alloy parts formed by double control forming

Effects of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AM50A magnesium alloy components formed by double control forming （DCF） were investigated via a four-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment. The variable curves of DCF showed that the forging procedure was started in the following 35 ms after the injection procedure was completed. It was confirmed that the high-speed filling and high-pressure densifying were combined together in the DCF process. Better surface quality and higher mechanical properties were achieved in the components formed by DCF as compared to die casting （DC） due to the refined and uniform microstructure with a few defects or without defects. Injection speed affected more effectively the yield strength （YS）, ultimate tensile strength （UTS） and elongation as compared to pouring temperature, die temperature and forging force. But the pouring temperature had a more significant effect on hardness as compared to injection speed, die temperature and forging force. Pouring temperature of 675 ＆#176;C, injection speed of 2.7 m/s and forging force of 4000 kN except for die temperature were the optimal parameters for obtaining the highest YS, UTS, elongation and Vickers hardness. Die temperatures of 205, 195, 195 and 225 ＆#176;C were involved in achieving the highest YS, UTS, elongation and Vickers hardness, respectively. Obvious microporosity and microcracks were found on the fracture surface of the components formed by DC, deteriorating the mechanical properties. However, the tensile fracture morphology of the components formed by DCF was characterized by ductile fracture due to a large number of dimples and no defects, which was beneficial for improving the mechanical properties.

Influence of Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast AM50 magnesium alloy

The influence of Ce addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy was investigated to improve its mechanical properties.The results show that the addition of Ce to AM50 alloy results in the grain refinement and the mechanical properties of the Ce-modified AM50 at room and elevated temperatures are remarkably improved.AM50 magnesium alloy containing 1% Ce（mass fraction） shows better refinement and mechanical properties compared with the AM50 magnesium alloy with 0.5% Ce and even AM50 alloy without any Ce.

Microstructure and biocorrosion behaviors of solution treated and as-extruded Mg-2.2Nd-x Sr-0.3Zr alloys

Mg-2.2Nd-xSr-0.3Zr alloys （x=0, 0.4 and 0.7, mass fraction, %） were prepared by gravity casting. Solution treatment was conducted on the as-cast alloys to homogenize microstructure, and hot extrusion was subsequently conducted. Microstructure was observed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Biocorrosion behaviors of the alloy in simulated body fluid were analyzed by mass loss, hydrogen evolution and Tafel polarization experiments. The results show that the amount of residual eutectic phase of the solution treated alloys increases with increasing Sr addition, and the grains are significantly refined after hot extrusion. The corrosion resistance of the solution treated alloys deteriorates apparently with increasing Sr addition, while the corrosion resistance of the as-extruded alloys is improved with Sr addition. Nevertheless, the biocorrosion behavior of the as-extruded alloys obtained by Tafel polarization shows different trends from those obtained by the other two methods.

Effects of various Mg-Sr master alloys on microstructural refinement of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The effects of various Mg-Sr master alloys(conventional as-cast,rapidly-solidified,rolled and solutionized) on microstructural refinement of ZK60 magnesium alloy were investigated.The results indicate that the refinement efficiency of various Mg-Sr master alloys in ZK60 alloy is different.The rolled Mg-Srmaster alloy is found to have relatively higher refinement efficiency than the conventional as-cast,solutionized and rapidly-solidified Mg-Sr master alloys.After being treated with the rolled Mg-Sr master alloy,the ZK60 alloy obtains the minimum average grain size of 33μm.The difference of various Mg-Sr master alloys in refinement efficiency might be related to the initial microstructure change of various Mg-Sr master alloys.

Sr对AM50显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同含量Sr对AM50合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加Sr后,AM50合金铸体组织β-Mg17Al12变得细小,晶粒明显细化;Sr基本上与Al结合生成高熔点、高稳定的Al4Sr相,能够强化晶界并阻碍位错滑移,从而强化合金。适量的Sr明显提高了室温下合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度,而且不影响合金的延伸率,而过量的Sr会导致AM50延伸率和轻度的降低。含0.5%Sr的铸态合金可得到最高抗拉强度233MPa,屈服强度90MPa,延伸率16.3%的性能。

锶及固溶处理对AM50镁合金组织和高温力学性能的影响

研究了添加不同含量的锶(Sr)及固溶处理(T4)对AM50镁合金显微组织和高温(150℃)拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:当Sr加入量为0.7wt%和1.4wt%时,AM50合金中形成了层片状的Al4Sr新相,而Mg17Al12相被抑制形成,固溶处理使Al4Sr相由层片状转变为颗粒状。当Sr加入量为2.8wt%和3.5wt%时,AM50合金中形成了骨骼状的Sr5Al9新相,固溶处理使热稳定性较高的Sr5Al9相由骨骼状向层片状和颗粒状转变。加入Sr能细化晶粒并显著提高合金在150℃下的拉伸性能,固溶处理明显提高了AM50-2.8Sr和AM50-3.5Sr合金高温下的抗拉强度,但对AM50-0.7Sr和AM50-1.4Sr合金高温拉伸性能影响较小。

高性能碱土耐热镁合金的显微组织和蠕变性能

利用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)系统研究了碱土元素Sr和Ca加入Mg-4Al基合金后的显微组织,并测试了其抗蠕变性能.实验合金的铸态组织均由α-Mg和沿枝晶界分布的第二相组成.2%Sr加入基体合金中能观察到沿晶界的离异共晶和层片共晶Al4Sr相及块状三元τ相.2%Ca的加入则形成了晶界层片Mg2Ca共晶和晶内的Al2Ca颗粒.而在Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca中,晶界相为块状τ相和层片状Mg2Ca共晶,晶内也析出Al2Ca颗粒.在Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca基础上提高Al含量,粗大不规则共晶(Mg,Al)2Ca相在晶界处形成并不断增多,Mg2Ca及τ相逐渐减少,当Al含量到7%时,出现了新的细小层片状Al4Sr相.Sr、Ca元素加入Mg-Al合金,改善了合金的抗蠕变性能,其中Mg-5Al-2Sr-1Ca和Mg-6Al-2Sr-1Ca合金显示所有实验合金中最好的蠕变抗力.根据Power-law公式,在175℃/50～80MPa和70MPa/150～200℃蠕变下,Mg-4Al-2Sr合金在较低应力(<60MPa)下蠕变表现为扩散控制的位错攀移机制,而在高应力下出现Power-law公式的失效;Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca合金蠕变则受到了扩散控制的位错机制和晶界滑移机制的共同作用.

微量元素Sr对AM60B镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、电子万能试验机、数显洛氏硬度计和显微硬度仪研究微量Sr对镁合金AM60B的铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量元素Sr可以细化镁合金的晶粒,而不改变基体α-Mg相的枝晶形貌,但可改变γ相的形态和大小,从连续或断续网状、长条状,变为卵石状或颗粒状。Sr对AM60B镁合金的抗拉强度和延伸率的影响具有相似的趋势,即随着Sr含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率呈现先升后降的趋势,当Sr含量为0.05%时抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到最大值191.82MPa和4.63%,而洛氏硬度和显微硬度随着Sr含量的增加而增大。AM60B镁合金断裂方式存在着由解理断裂向准解理断裂再向解理断裂转化的模式。

Ca,Sr对AM80镁合金显微组织和高温蠕变性能的影响

采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和高温蠕变试验机等实验手段研究了碱土元素Ca，Sr对AM80镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响．结果表明：在AM80合金中复合添加0．2％Sr和0．5％～2．5％Ca，Ca、Sr元素可逐步细化合金的铸态组织，Ca原子与Al原子优先结合在晶界处生成了高熔点相Al2Ca，抑制了低熔点相β-Mg17Al12的形成．AM80合金在高温蠕变过程中，β-Mg17Al12相在晶界处存在连续析出和非连续析出2种形式．β-Mg17Al12相非连续析出并且垂直于晶界，造成合金蠕变性能较差．当在合金中复合添加Ca，Sr后，高熔点相Al2Ca是主要的晶界强化相，替代低熔点的β-Mg17Al12相，从而减少β-Mg17Al12相的非连续析出，抑制了晶界滑动，改善了合金的高温蠕变性能．当Ca质量分数增加到2．5％时，合金的高温蠕变性能最优．

Al含量对耐热Mg-Al-Sr合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Mg-（4-7）Al-2Sr系列四种合金的显微组织、拉伸和蠕变性能及Al含量对其组织和性能的影响。Mg-（4-7）Al-2Sr系合金的铸态组织均由α-Mg和沿枝晶界分布的第二相构成。Al含量为4%时在晶界处形成了离异共晶和少量层片共晶Al4Sr相及大块的三元τ（Mg-Al-Sr）相。Al含量的增加使Al4Sr全部转变为更加粗大的层片状共晶,同时共晶相的体积分数增加而τ相体积分数减小,当Al含量6%时全部为α-Mg＋Al4Sr共晶组织。Al含量继续升高到7%后,基体中形成了少量的Mg17Al12相。含Al 4%和5%的合金中Sr抑制了显微组织中Mg17Al12相的形成和高温下的非连续析出,并且在高温100h蠕变后显微组织没有发生明显变化,有较好的蠕变抗力。三元τ相比Al4Sr有更高的热稳定性,因此在Al含量低于6%时,随着Al量增大,τ相减少而Al4Sr相增加,导致合金蠕变性能有所下降;Al含量高于6%时,胞状Mg17Al12相非连续析出,Al含量增大使析出相增多,蠕变性能也逐渐下降。

锶对AZ91镁合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响

研究了锶(Sr)对AZ91镁合金铸态组织、拉伸性能及显微硬度的影响。结果表明:Sr的加入明显细化了基体合金的铸态组织,当Sr加入量较大时可以抑制Mg17Al12相的析出,并且在晶界上形成层片状的Al4Sr耐热相。加入适量的Sr能显著提高基体合金在175℃高温下的拉伸性能。而且,Sr的加入还能提高合金的显微硬度。

Sr对AZ31B镁合金微观组织和腐蚀性能的影响

研究了Sr对AZ31B镁合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响。当AZ31B中加入的Sr含量大于0.3%时,合金组织中β相(Mg_(17)Al_(12))减少,分布更加弥散和均匀,并且在晶界上形成了断续网状分布的Al_4Sr相,合金组织明显细化。当AZ31B中加入的Sr含量达到0.9%时腐蚀速率下降为AZ31B的50%。但Sr含量达到1.2%时,晶界处出现共晶组织呈断续网状分布,合金晶粒再度增大。

Sr对含铁镁合金组织与性能的影响

以含0.2%Fe的AZ91合金为基体,采用镁合金大气环境下的熔铸工艺,使用金相显微分析(OM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和电子万能材料试验机等分析测试方法,研究了Sr的加入量对含铁AZ91镁合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:当Sr的质量分数为0.2%～0.5%时,Sr对所研究合金的晶粒有明显细化作用,并可以提高合金的强度和延展性,但是耐蚀性降低。当Sr添加量达到0.8%时,晶粒有粗化倾向,且形成A14Sr新相,合金的耐蚀性有所提高;试验条件下,Sr为0.5%时合金力学性能最佳。

Sr添加对Mg-5.5Zn-1.2Y-0.6Zr镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

基于改善稀土镁合金性能的目的,利用XRD、OM、FESEM、EDS、万能拉伸试验机等检测手段,研究了不同Sr加入量对Mg-5.5Zn-1.2Y-0.6Zr(ZWK611)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态ZWK611合金中添加微量Sr(0.08%),晶粒得到明显细化,第二相数量显著增多,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率比未添加Sr的合金分别提高了10.1%和21.8%,达到246.1 MPa和14.5%。但随着Sr加入量进一步增加,合金的力学性能反而下降,其主要原因是晶粒粗化、第二相强化作用弱化以及W相增多。

Sr含量对Mg-Nd-Zr合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

通过重力铸造制备了Mg-2.2Nd-x Sr-0.3Zr(x=0、0.4、0.7、2.0,质量分数,%)合金。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察了铸态合金的显微组织,用显微硬度计测试了合金的硬度,用拉伸试验机测试了合金在室温下的拉伸性能。结果表明,随着Sr含量的增加,组织细化,第二相含量增加,硬度逐渐提高;合金的抗拉强度和伸长率先降低后升高,当合金的抗拉强度和伸长率较高时,呈现为准解理断口,反之,则为沿晶和解理的混合断口。