MARTENSITE-LIKE PHASE TRANSITIONS DUE TO POLAR REGION STRUCTURE IN DISORDERED FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS

Clear experimental evidence for phase transitions was shown in titanium doped lead magnesium niobate compositional disordered ferroelectric ceramics. One is the diffused phase transition around the temperature of dielectric permittivity maxima, which is often assumed as the characteristics of relaxor ferroelectrics. Another is a first order transition from frequency dispersion relaxor ferroelectrics to normal ferroelectrics, corresponding to a zero field spontaneous polar micro macrodomain switching. According to the x ray diffraction, thermal analysis and transmission electron microscope results, it is pointed out that the relaxor state corresponds to a coexistence of cubic parent phase and nucleating rhombohedral ferroelectric microregion which is similar to a precursor martensite. After the spontaneous relaxor normal ferroelectrics transition, the lower symmetry phase is sure to be a long range rhombohedral phase. Thus a dynamic behavior of polar microregions is suggested to explain the phenomena, which is more similar to a stress induced martensitic transformations from cubical stabilized perovskite parent phase.

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ZNTIO_3 MICROWAVE CERAMICS CONSOLIDATED WITH MGTIO_3

Stabilized ZnTiO4 was prepared by doping magnesium oxide through traditional solid state reaction. The experimental results indicate that zinc titanate crystals doped with magnesium oxide grow well and the decomposition into Zn2TiO4 and TiO2 is restrained through traditional solid state reaction, By adjusting molar ratio of MgO, better properties can be obtained The dielectric properties of the ceramics doped with 30% MgO（ molar percentage） sintered at 1060℃ are as follows：the value of quality factor is greater than 20000（6.5 GHz ）, the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency is about 2 ± 10^-6 /℃,the dielectric constant ranges from 180 to 22.Besides,it is proved that heat treatment can optimize microstructure and the value of quality factor, which increases from 23833.93 to 47584.00 after 2h of heat treatment at 1040℃.

Stress-rupture measurements of cast magnesium strengthened by in-situ production of ceramic particles

We have introduced a polymer precursor into molten magnesium and then in-situ pyrolyzed to produce castings of metal matrix composites(P-MMCs)containing silicon-carbonitride(SiCNO)ceramic particles.Stress-rupture measurements of as-cast P-MMCs was performed at 350 ℃(0.69TM)to 450 ℃(0.78TM)under dead load condition corresponding to tensile stress of 2.5 MPa to 20 MPa.The time-to-fracture data were analyzed using the classical Monkman–Grant equation.The time-to-fracture is thermally activated and follows a power-law stress exponent exhibiting dislocation creep.Fractography analysis revealed that while pure magnesium appears to fracture by dislocation slip,the P-MMCs fail from the nucleation and growth of voids at the grain boundaries.

Wear resistance of ceramic coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation

The ceramic coating formed on AZ91 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was characterized. The results show that the ceramic coating(3.4-23μm in thickness)on the surface of AZ91 alloy was attained under different micro-arc oxidation treatment conditions, which consist mainly of MgO, Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 phases. Nano-hardness in a cross-sectional specimen was determined by nano-indentation experiment. The MAO coatings exhibit higher hardness than the substrate. Dry sliding wear tests for the MAO coatings and AZ91 alloy were also carried out using an oscillating friction and wear tester in a ball-on-disc contact configuration. The wear resistance of the MAO coatings is improved respectively under different treatment time as a result of different structures of ceramic coatings formed on AZ91 alloy.

Preparation of micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy and its thermal shock resistance property

In the NaAlO2-Na2SiO3 compound system, the ceramic coatings were prepared on magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation. The morphology, phase composition, and thermal shock resistance of the ceramic coatings were studied by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and thermal shock tests, respectively. The results showed that the ceramic coating contains MgO, MgAl2O4, as well as a little amount of MgESiO4. The thickness of the ceramic coatings increases with the current density increasing, when the current density is 12 A·dm^-2, the thermal shock resistance of the produced ceramic coating is the best. The hardness of the ceramic coating is up to 10 GPa or so.

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Modified AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Using Microarc Oxidation Combined with Electrophoresis Process

A top electrophoresis coating was deposited on the surface microarc oxidation （MAO） modified ceramic coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Microstructure and corrosion resistance of this composite coating were studied by SEM, electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization, and acid corrosion test. The results showed that the composite coating with a top electrophoresis coating on the surface of ceramic coating exhibited a better corrosion resistance compared with the coating formed by chemical conversion film combined with electrophoresis process. Corrosive ions could permeate into the substrate with corrosion time, and the composite coating was firstly destroyed around the scratch. The formation of composite coating with a higher adhesive force due to the porosity of the ceramic coating contributed to the improved corrosion resistance property.

Non-flux purification behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy

The effects of non-flux purification techniques on the mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated by ICP,OM,XRD and SEM.The results show that Ar spraying with high flow rate could remove non-metallic inclusions and improve the mechanical properties of AZ91.The alloy obtains the best properties after argon spraying for 30 min at the melt temperature of 740 °C.The ceramic foam filter(CFF) could effectively improve the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of AZ91 alloy,especially the elongation,which increase with increasing pores per inch(ppi) and the thickness of CFF.Non-flux purification does not change the microstructure of AZ91 alloy.However,filtration has a certain effect on the fracture pattern of AZ91 alloy.To improve the mechanical properties effectively,both filtration and gas spraying should be utilized together.

Characteristics of a multi-component MgO-based bioceramic coating synthesized in-situ by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)has held great potential for the advancement of biodegradable implants,as it helps in developing porous bioceramic coatings on the surface of magnesium alloys.In this research work,MgO-based bioceramic coatings containing the Si,P,Ca,Na,and F elements have been successfully fabricated on an AZ31 magnesium alloy plate utilizing the PEO method.The characteristic current-voltage behavior of the samples during the process was surveyed in an electrolyte containing Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O,Na_(3)PO_(4)·12H_(2)O,NaF,and KOH with a pH of 12.5 and electrical conductivity of 20 mS/cm^(-1).The results revealed that applying a voltage of 350-400 V(that is 50-100 V higher than the breakdown limit)could greatly facilitate the synthesis of a PEO ceramic coating with fewer defects and more uniform morphology.The resulting coating was a compositionally graded bioceramic layer with a thickness in the range of 3.5±0.4 to 6.0±0.7µm,comprising the above-mentioned elements as promising bioactive agents.The synthesized ceramic features were investigated in terms of the elemental distribution of components through the thickness,which indicated a gradual rise in the Si and P contents and,conversely,a decline in the F content towards the outer surface.The growth mechanism of the PEO coating has been discussed accordingly.

Thickness effects on corrosion and wear resistance properties of micro-arc discharge oxide coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloys

The microarc oxidation coatings with difference thickness were synthesized on AZ91D magnesium alloy. The microstructure and phase structure of the coatings were analyzed using SEM and XRD, the tribological properties and corrosion resistance behaviour of the coatings were also investigated. The results show that the coating contains two layers, a porous outer layer and relatively dense inner layer. The microhardness of the MAO coatings is four to six times higher than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The MAO coatings have much better wear-resistance and corrosion resistance abilities than those of magnesium alloy substrate, but possess higher friction coefficient. The results further indicate that there is an optimization thickness for corrosion and wear resistance.

An investigation on bonding interface microstructure of ceramic coating prepared on AZ91D by evaporated pattern casting technique

PbO-ZnO-Na20 ceramic coating was fabricated on the AZ91D Mg-alloy substrate surface by using of evaporated pattern casting （EPC） process. The ceramic coating was characterized through scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDS） and so on. The research was emphasized on the formation process of ceramic coating and the interface bonding conditions between ceramic coating and the substrate. Results show that the glass powder （PbO-ZnO-NazO） melts when contacts with the high temperature liquid metal, and solidifies on the surface of the substrate with the decrease of temperature. Therefore, the ceramic coating was successfully prepared with the formation of the bonding interface with the substrate, Beside the influence of coating layer thickness, the vacuum level was also investigated. Further analysis indicates that oxide inclusions and decomposition products of foam pattern had a significant effect on the bonding interface： To obtain a good bonding interface between the ceramic coating and the substrate, the metal liquid oxidation and inclusions must be decreased and the decomposition products of foam pattern should be exhausted from the EPC coating completely.

Shot lining of magnesium alloy with hard powders

To improve the surface properties,lining of magnesium alloys with hard powders by shot peening was carried out in order. The hard powders were tried to bond to the workpiece surface due to the collision of many shots.In order to fix the hard powders to the surface of the workpiece,the powders were set on an uneven surface.To easily facilitate fixing of powders,lining of the workpiece with the powder sandwiched between two aluminum foil sheets was also attempted.In this experiment,a centrifugal shot peening machine with an electrical heater was employed.The workpieces were magnesium alloys AZ31B and AZ91D,and the hard powders were commercial cemented carbide,alumina,and zirconia.The joinability of hard powders near the lined surface was observed by a optical microscope.The wear resistance was also evaluated by a wear test.The hard powders were successfully bonded to the surface of workpieces by the shot lining process.The results show that the present method is effective in wear resistance of the magnesium alloys.

Influencing factors of surface roughness of MAO ceramic coating on AZ91D

To investigate the treating parameters' influence on the surface roughness of the MAO ceramic coating on AZ91D, experiments were implemented in the alkaline electrolyte by using a pulse power source with positive and negative pulse, and the surface roughness was measured and analyzed by using a Times roughness-meter and an optical microscope. The machining parameters' influencing rule on the coating surface roughness was investigated. The result indicates that the influence of all parameters is interactive, while the positive voltage and the electrolyte concentration, or increasing the frequency and the positive and negative voltage ratio are appropriate, the coating surface roughness will be improved.

Humidity Sensitive Characteristics of Porous Li-Mg-Ti-O-F Ceramic Materials

Ceramic porous MgTiO3 materials have been prepared by classical solid-state route. The sintered pellets of MgTiO3 with different LiF contents were characterized for humidity-sensing application. The sintered disks of these mixtures were subjected to capacitance measurements at 20℃as function of the relative humidity from which revealed that the Mixture MgTiO3 + 2% LiF (w/w) has the better characteristics. The disks were subjected to DC resistance measurements as a function of relative humidity in the range 15% - 95% RH. The selectivity of this material was discussed and compared to commercial sensor results. The response and recovery characteristics were assessed.

电流模式对Mg-Zn-Ca镁合金微弧氧化涂层孔隙及耐腐蚀性的影响

分别采用单极、双极和混合电流模式在Mg-Zn-Ca合金基板上制备3种微弧氧化涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和三维激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测量了涂层的孔隙尺寸、表面形貌和表面粗糙度,涂层的物相结构采用X射线衍射仪进行表征,应用电化学工作站和500 h的盐雾腐蚀对3种涂层进行耐腐蚀性研究。结果表明:3种涂层均主要由MgO、Mg_(2)SiO_(4)、Mg_(2)SiO_(3)相组成,混合电流模式下得到的涂层表面光洁度更好,表面气孔尺寸达到(5.52±0.63)μm;同时较小的孔隙形成了屏障阻隔效应,使其耐蚀性高于单极和双极模式涂层的。

放电等离子烧结细晶0.8PMN-0.2PT陶瓷的介电性能

铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅[Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3),PMN-PT]陶瓷是一种典型的驰豫铁电体。为了研究晶粒尺寸对PMN-PT陶瓷介电性能的影响,采用两步固相反应法合成了0.8PMN-0.2PT粉体,使用放电等离子烧结技术在不同温度下制备0.8PMN-0.2PT陶瓷,并分析了陶瓷的晶体结构、微观形貌和介电性能。结果表明:采用两步法能得到纯0.8PMN-0.2PT粉体,其晶粒尺寸约为0.36μm;当烧结温度为1100℃时,采用放电等离子烧结技术可以得到晶粒细小的纯0.8PMN-0.2PT陶瓷,晶粒尺寸约为0.69μm,密度为8.02 g/cm^(3),但是其介电常数较低,最大值为12708,介电-顺电转变峰为一个较宽的峰,且随频率增加,介电-顺电转变温度(T_(c))向高温方向移动,呈现典型的弛豫特性。此外,在频率为1×10^(2)~2×10^(6)Hz时,随温度升高,介电常数和介电损耗都升高。因此,采用放电等离子烧结法可以得到细晶致密且介电常数较高的0.8PMN-0.2PT陶瓷。

石英玻璃粉含量对氧化镁基陶瓷型芯性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪等手段研究了矿化剂(石英玻璃粉)含量对氧化镁基陶瓷型芯物相组成、微观组织、烧结收缩率、显孔隙率、线热膨胀系数、室温抗弯强度、高温抗弯强度及型芯浸出率的影响。结果表明:随着石英玻璃粉含量提高,硅酸镁含量增加,陶瓷基体颗粒细化,由连通大孔隙向封闭小孔隙转变,颗粒间结合松散,脱除性能及抗弯强度大幅下降;添加30%SiO_(2)得到的氧化镁基陶瓷型芯综合性能最佳,其中烧结收缩率为2.8%,显孔隙率为32.9%,室温抗弯强度为15.1 MPa,采用体积浓度40%的CH3COOH水溶液浸泡120 h后型芯的浸出率为61.9%。

镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷吸收系数研究

随着激光器功率的提高,高能激光系统对发射窗口的要求越来越高。镁铝尖晶石(MgAl_(2)O_(4))透明陶瓷具有优异的光学、热学和机械性能,广泛用于红外制导窗口、高马赫航空器整流罩,以及极端环境下的光电设备窗口等,但用于激光发射窗口的相关报道尚不多。本文简要介绍镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷在激光发射窗口的应用研制现状,针对该应用最为关注的性能,测试了目前用于透明防弹装甲和飞行器窗口的镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的吸收系数,分析了双金属醇盐法制备的镁铝尖晶石粉体和用热压结合热等静压工艺制备的镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的纯度,探讨了影响陶瓷吸收系数的因素。

Corrigendum to“Degradation of 3D-printed magnesium phosphate ceramics in vitro and a prognosis on their bone regeneration potential”[Bioact.Mater.19(2023)376-391/22]

The authors regret the reversal of the order of first and last names in the original article.The correct order of the authors’first and last names are Eugen Gefel,Claus Moseke,Anna-Maria Schmitt,Niklas Dümmler,Philipp Stahlhut,Andrea Ewald,Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg,Elke Vorndran.

掺Li_2O–B_2O_3–SiO_2玻璃低温烧结MgTiO_3–CaTiO_3陶瓷及其微波介电性能

研究了Li_2O–B_2O_3–SiO_2玻璃(LBS)对MgTiO_3–CaTiO_3(MCT)介质陶瓷烧结特性、相组成和介电性能的影响,分析了MCT陶瓷与银电极的共烧行为。结果表明通过液相烧结,LBS能有效降低MCT烧结温度至890℃。X射线衍射结果显示有Li_2MgTi_3O_8、硼钛镁石以及Li_2TiSiO_5等新相生成。随着LBS添加量的增大,陶瓷致密化温度和饱和体积密度降低,介电常数εr、品质因数与谐振频率乘积Q×f也呈现下降趋势,频率温度系数τf向负值方向移动。添加质量分数为20%的LBS的0.97MgTiO3–0.03CaTiO3陶瓷在890℃烧结4h,获得最佳性能εr=16.4,Q×f=11640GHz,τf=–1.5×10–6/℃。陶瓷与银电极共烧界面结合状况良好,无明显扩散。该材料可用于制造片式多层微波器件。