Composite excitation multi-extension direction defect magnetic flux leakage detection technology

In the traditional pipeline magnetic flux leakage(MFL)detection technology,circumferential or axial excitation is mainly used to excite the magnetic field of defects.However,the domestic and foreign pipeline detection devices currently in operation are mainly axial excitation MFL detection tools,in which circumferential cracks can be clearly identified,but the detection sensitivity of axial cracks is not high,thus forming a detection blind zone.Therefore,a composite excitation multi-extension direction defect MFL detection method is proposed,which can realize the simultaneous detection of axial and circumferential defects.On the basis of the electromagnetic theory Maxwell equation and Biot Savart law,a mathematical model of circumferential and axial magnetization is firstly established.Then finite element simulation software is used to establish a model of a new type of magnetic flux leakage detection device,and a simulation analysis of crack detection in multiple extension directions is carried out.Finally,under the conditions of the relationship model between the change rate of leakage magnetic field and external excitation intensity under unsaturated magnetization and the multi-stage coil magnetization model,the sample vehicle towing experiment is carried out.The paper aims to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the new magnetic flux leakage detection device for detecting defects in different extension directions.Based on the final experimental results,the new composite excitation multi extension direction leakage magnetic field detector has a good detection effect for defects in the axial and circumferential extension directions.

Magnetic Flux Leakage Course of Inner Defects and Its Detectable Depth

As a promising non-destructive testing(NDT)method,magnetic flux leakage(MFL)testing has been widely used for steel structure inspection.However,MFL testing still faces a great challenge to detect inner defects.Existing MFL course researches mainly focus on surface-breaking defects while that of inner defects is overlooked.In the paper,MFL course of inner defects is investigated by building magnetic circuit models,performing numerical simulations,and conducting MFL experiments.It is found that the near-surface wall has an enhancing effect on the MFL course due to higher permeability of steel than that of air.Further,a high-sensitivity MFL testing method consisting of Helmholtz coil magnetization and induction coil with a high permeability core is proposed to increase the detectable depth of inner defects.Experimental results show that inner defects with buried depth up to 80.0 mm can be detected,suggesting that the proposed MFL method has the potential to detect deeply-buried defects and has a promising future in the field of NDT.

Advances in magnetic flux leakage testing technology

Magnetic flux leakage(MFL)testing technology has the advantages of simple principle,easy engineering implementation and low requirements on the surface of the detected workpiece.Therefore,it has been one of the research hotspots in the field of non-destructive testing(NDT)and widely used for testing long distance pipelines.This paper presents the development of MFL tesing technology from the aspects of basic theory,influencing factors,magnetization technology,signal processing,etc.The problems to be solved and the future development are summarized,which can provide reference for the research and system development of MFL testing technology.

Evaluation of Surface Cracks Using Magnetic Flux LeakageTesting

The magnetic field distribution characteristics of surface cracks with various widths are discussed based on finite element (FEM) results. The crack depth was 0.20 mm, the width range was from 0.02 to 1.00 mm. The results showed that crack width and lift-off (the distance between surface and sensor) will influence signals. Discussed in this paper is the influence of various lift-off parameters on the peak to peak values of the normal component in magnetic flux leakage testing. The effects can be applied to evaluate surface breaking cracks of different widths and depths. An idea is presented to smooth narrow, sharp crack tips using alternating current (AC) field magnetization.

Quantitative Interpretation for the Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Data Based on Neural Network

In order to interpret the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing data quantitatively and size the defects accurately, some defect profiles inversion methods from the MFL signals are studied on the basis of the neural network.Because the wavelet ba- sis function neural network (WBFNN) has good accuracy in the forward calculation and the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) has reliable precision in the inversion modeling respectively,a new neural network scheme combining WBFNN and RBFNN is presented to solve the nonlinear inversion problem for the MFL data and reconstruct the defect shapes.And such details as the choice of wavelet basis function,the initialization of the weight value and the input normalization are analyzed,the train- ing and testing algorithm for the network are also studied.The inversion results demonstrate that the proposed network scheme has good reliability to interpret the MFL data for some defects.

Influence of Slot Defect Length on Magnetic Flux Leakage

A key issue, which influences the applications of magnetic flux leakage testing, is defect quantification. There have been many research on the relationship between width, depth and magnetic flux leakage of slot defect. However, the length factor is often ignored. The relationship between characteristics of defect leakage field and defect length was investigated. The magnetic flux leakages of a series of plate specimens with the same width, same depth and different length slot defects were tested under the same magnetizing conditions. Testing results show that defect length is an important parameter needed to consider in quantifying defects.

Key technique of a detection sensor for coal mine wire ropes

Wire ropes,employed extensively in coal mine hoists and transportation systems are subject to damage due to wear,corrosion and fatigue.The extent of damage and the carrying capacity of ropes are closely related to the sense of safety by staff and equipments.Magnetic flux leakage detection method(MFL),as an effective method,is these days widely used in detection of broken strands of wire ropes.In order to improve the accuracy of detection of flaws in wire ropes by magnetic flux leakage(MFL),the effect of the distance between a sensor and the surface of a wire rope(i.e.,lift-off) on detection by magnetic flux leakage was in-vestigated.An analysis of the main principles for the choice of lift-off is described by us and a new method that improves the structure of the detector is proposed from the point of view of the design of a magnetic circuit,to restrain the impact of fluctuations of sensor lift-off.The effect of this kind of method is validated by simulation and computation.The results show that the detection sensitivity is markedly increased by this method.Furthermore,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) can be increased by over 28%.This method will lend itself to offer reliable scientific information to optimize the structure of excitation devices and improve the accuracy of MFL detection.

Speed Measurement Feasibility by Eddy Current Effect in the High-Speed MFL Testing

It is known that eddy current effect has a great influence on magnetic flux leakage testing(MFL).Usually,contacttype encoder wheels are used to measure MFL testing speed to evaluate the effect and further compensate testing signals.This speed measurement method is complicated,and inevitable abrasion and occasional slippage will reduce the measurement accuracy.In order to solve this problem,based on eddy current effect due to the relative movement,a speed measurement method is proposed,which is contactless and simple.In the high-speed MFL testing,eddy current induced in the specimen will cause an obvious modification to the applied field.This modified field,which is measured by Hall sensor,can be utilized to reflect the moving speed.Firstly,the measurement principle is illustrated based on Faraday’s law.Then,dynamic finite element simulations are conducted to investigate the modified magnetic field distribution.Finally,laboratory experiments are performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.The results show that Bmz(r1)and Bmx(r2)have a linear relation with moving speed,which could be used as an alternative measurement parameter.

长输油气管道内检测技术

管道内检测技术是长输油气管道内检测最有效的方法之一,是长输油气管道缺陷检测、评估与完整性评价的重要手段。随着我国能源行业的高速发展,管道成为能源输送的最有效载体,这对管道内检测技术提出了新的挑战,应运而生多种新的检测方法与解决方案。梳理了长输油气管道内检测技术的发展过程,阐述了长输油气管道内检测技术的国内外研究现状,针对长输油气管道内检测现存在的问题,对新技术、新方法的原理、应用情况进行归纳总结,并提出管道内检测行业的未来展望。

一种基于单轴向充磁永磁环励磁的钢丝绳无损检测方法

为提高钢丝绳缺陷检测能力,简化励磁结构,提出一种基于单个轴向充磁永磁环励磁的钢丝绳无损检测方法。通过分析钢丝绳缺陷在单个轴向充磁永磁环励磁方法下产生的漏磁场,得到该方法能通过漏磁场感知缺陷运动方向的结论。在此基础上,利用COMSOL软件对该励磁方式进行有限元建模,通过仿真计算缺陷处漏磁的分布,验证了结论的正确性,分析了影响漏磁场的因素,并结合霍尔元件性能参数,给出了传感器的最佳布置位置。最后,通过设计信号调理电路,结合3D打印实现传感器结构,完成了实验平台搭建。仿真结果表明,对于同一缺陷,基于该励磁方式产生的最大漏磁场明显大于传统方式。实验结果表明,对于10 mm粗的钢丝绳,当霍尔元件布置的提离值为3 mm和8 mm时,均能够通过缺陷处漏磁信号感知钢丝绳运动方向。

拱顶储罐罐顶缺陷漏磁检测技术研究

针对拱顶储罐在长期使用过程中,罐顶因环境因素和储存介质的影响造成内外壁腐蚀损伤而严重威胁储罐安全运行的问题,对拱顶储罐罐顶进行了缺陷漏磁检测技术研究。建立了罐顶漏磁检测三维模型,并采用有限元分析方法对该模型进行求解;分析不同影响因素对漏磁信号特征的影响,通过对漏磁场峰值的拟合,得到了不同影响因素对罐顶缺陷漏磁场的影响规律。结果表明,外壁半球形缺陷漏磁检测信号峰值与缺陷半径符合线性拟合规律,内壁半球形缺陷漏磁检测信号峰值与缺陷半径符合二次拟合规律,加强肋处形成的漏磁检测信号与缺陷检测信号波形相反。通过试验验证了漏磁检测方法能有效检测储罐罐顶的缺陷,并能确定缺陷的深度和位置。

多通道钢丝绳的漏磁检测信号融合方法

分析了现有钢丝绳漏磁检测系统中存在的损伤信号幅值较小、前端多个磁敏元件处理方式较为简单等问题,提出了一种钢丝绳漏磁检测系统中的多通道信号融合方法。首先从磁敏元件阵列的角度出发,提出了多种磁敏元件阵列方式;其次从信号处理模拟电路的角度出发,设计了多通道信号融合硬件电路;最后,针对钢丝绳进行了实际测试,验证了此方法的可行性。

Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal Inversion of Corrosive Flaws Based on Modified Genetic Local Search Algorithm

In this paper,a modified genetic local search algorithm(MGLSA) is proposed.The proposed algorithm is resulted from employing the simulated annealing technique to regulate the variance of the Gaussian mutation of the genetic local search algorithm(GLSA).Then,an MGLSA-based inverse algorithm is proposed for magnetic flux leakage(MFL) signal inversion of corrosive flaws,in which the MGLSA is used to solve the optimization problem in the MFL inverse problem.Experimental results demonstrate that the MGLSA-based inverse algorithm is more robust than GLSA-based inverse algorithm in the presence of noise in the measured MFL signals.

铁磁性腐蚀产物对管道漏磁内检测的影响分析

漏磁内检测是一种高效识别长输管道本体缺陷的检测方法,但某些腐蚀点(如杂散电流腐蚀)含有大量铁磁性腐蚀产物,会影响缺陷处漏磁场的溢出,导致检测的数据评价偏小,甚至出现漏检。从漏磁内检测的基本原理出发,阐述了缺陷处漏磁场产生的原因,结合牵拉试验和实际工程案例,说明了铁磁性腐蚀产物对腐蚀缺陷处漏磁场的溢出具有一定的阻碍作用,为今后加强该类型缺陷的识别,提高管道漏磁内检测的检测效果提供技术支撑。

改进Canny算子的小管径弯头漏磁缺陷图像量化方法

弯头作为管道的重要组成部件,受流体冲刷侵蚀等形成的缺陷对其安全运行构成威胁。漏磁检测是管道缺陷检测的有效技术,缺陷的精确量化具有重要意义。为了研究小管径弯头不同位置缺陷图像规律,并提高缺陷量化精度,提出一种改进Canny算子的小管径弯头漏磁缺陷图像量化方法。通过建立小管径弯头漏磁内检测仿真模型,分析了弯头不同位置处金属损失缺陷的图像规律。采用形态滤波和OTSU优化Canny算子,结合图像处理方法构建了缺陷图像量化模型,并对弯头不同位置缺陷深度量化做修正处理。实验结果表明,弯头不同位置缺陷在图像上呈现出明显的差异性,量化模型对缺陷长度和宽度的量化具有较高的精度,误差均小于2 mm。缺陷深度的量化误差较大,修正后深度量化的精度为86.34%,满足金属损失缺陷量化精度需求。该方法可实现缺陷漏磁图像量化处理,对管道漏磁缺陷量化具有一定意义。

掺氢天然气管道氢损伤管外漏磁检测机构设计

掺氢天然气管道受氢损伤等因素影响,容易产生缺陷进而导致管道失效,因此需要定期对掺氢管道进行检查。通过对掺氢管道的主要缺陷产生机制和缺陷特征进行分析,得到主要的缺陷形式,设计一种针对掺氢管道氢损伤的管外漏磁检测机构对管道进行缺陷检测,利用Maxwell进行漏磁检测仿真模拟,采用响应面法建立检测探头各参数与轴向漏磁曲线峰谷差值、吸附力和成本之间的函数,得到探头的结构参数最优组合。最后搭建实验台,利用单组探头进行单通道的漏磁检测。结果表明:与未优化结构对比,优化后管外缺陷检测效果提高26.2%,管内缺陷检测效果提升11%,探头与管壁吸附力降低56.7%,探头成本降低14%,检测效果得到提升;优化探头不仅能检测到已成型的比较明显的掺氢管道缺陷,也可以在缺陷形成早期管壁损失达到整体壁厚40%时将其检测出来。缺陷检测实验验证了文中设计方案的可行性。

原油储罐泄漏检测技术研究

原油储罐在复杂的内外部环境中最容易出现的失效形式是底板穿孔从而导致原油泄漏。文章介绍了声发射方法和漏磁扫描方法应用于储罐底板的泄漏检测。两种方法都可以评估与定位底部材料的损伤及底板材料的微泄漏。文章介绍了原油储罐泄漏检测原理,分析了现场检测过程,对同一具原油储罐进行声发射和漏磁扫描检测后,对两种方法的检测结果进行分析与经济性对比,进而给出该储罐的完整性评估,并提出储罐的检修意见。

小管径管道弯头缺陷漏磁信号量化方法

漏磁内检测器通过小管径弯头部位时提离值发生改变,检测的缺陷漏磁信号与直管有较大差异性,传统量化方法的适用性有待研究。通过建立弯头及直管的三维漏磁仿真模型,获取三轴缺陷漏磁信号,并提取其中的多模态特征参数以构建样本库,再将特征样本作为输入融合粒子群优化的动态神经网络,分别构建弯头和直管量化模型,以建立漏磁信号与缺陷尺寸的三维映射关系。研究结果表明:本量化方法对弯头缺陷长度、深度和宽度的量化准确率分别达到94.2%、94.4%和95.0%,结果优于BP神经网络,可为小管径弯头缺陷量化提供一定依据。

基于面阵霍尔传感器的漏磁检测

传统漏磁检测中,单探头检测面积小,且采用永磁体励磁时,移动装置不灵活,检测效率较低。因此,本文采用交流励磁,设计48个面阵传感器检测模块,单次有效覆盖面积(36×36)mm。电路设计采用多路复用技术,用DG508作为多路模拟开关,myRIO1900数据采集卡分时控制采集;上位机软件中对原始数据采用自平衡技术;数据处理过程采用阈值增强技术,提高缺陷图像显示效果。实验表明:该设计可检测厚度2mm保护层下的人工刻槽。

低压输气管道水驱漏磁内检测可行性研究

本文以解决低压输气管道漏磁内检测时检测器速度过快为目的,提出了以气驱改为水驱的方式进行漏磁内检测的方法,本文首先阐述了漏磁内检测原理及局限、低压输气管道漏磁内检测难点及策略,然后从前期准备、漏磁检测及流程恢复三方面展开阐述了低压输气管道气驱改为水驱漏磁内检测的关键环节,并通过实际工程案例验证了低压输气管道水驱漏磁内检测流程的可靠性,为低压输气管道漏磁内检测提供了一种新思路。