Determination of Sulfadimidine in Royal Jelly by C_(18)-functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles Solid Phase Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

[Objective] This study aimed to develop a method of C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chro- matography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of sulfadimidine in royal jelly. [Method] The royal jelly samples were pretreated by MCX SPE column and C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles, and the purified samples were de- tected by HPLC-MS/MS. [Result] The detection method showed a good linear rela- tionship in the range of 5-80 ugkg （r=0.993 1）. The recovery ranges were between 93%- 104% with the relative standard deviations （RSD） below 11.3%. [Conclusion] Combined with automation equipment, the method is simple, fast, time-saving, and easy to real- ize the automation of sulfadimidine in the royal jelly samples before determination.

Sensitive measurement of silver ions in environmental water samples integrating magnetic ion-imprinted solid phase extraction and carbon dot fluorescent sensor

Increasing use of silver in various fields has caused Ag^(+)pollution in water environment,taking great threats to people’s health.As a consequence,establishing rapid and reliable methods for sensitive determination of Ag^(+)is of great significance.Fluorescent(FL)sensors based on carbon dots(CDs),an excellent carbonaceous nanomaterial with strong and stable fluorescence,have absorbed extensive attentions in analysis of pollutants due to its advantages of carbon sources being readily available,low cost,easy operation and fast response.Moreover,ion-imprinting is a better way to increase the selectivity of the proposed method.Present work described an effective method for the sensitive measurement of silver ion in water samples in combination with magnetic ion-imprinted solid phase extraction and CDs based fluorescent sensor,which took full advantages of easy separation and high enrichment of magnetic solid phase extraction,high selectivity of ion-imprinting technology,and sensitivity and rapid response of fluorescent sensor from CDs.Sulfur-doped CDs derived from dithizone and magnetic ion-imprinted nanomaterial were prepared,and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope,etc.Magnetic Ag^(+)imprinted nanomaterial based solid phase extraction was employed for separating and enriching Ag^(+)from water samples.The significant parameters were optimized in detail.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provided good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.4μmol/L and low detection limit of 3 nmol/L.The reliability of the proposed method was validated with real water samples,and the results demonstrated that the proposed method was simple,robust,selective and sensitive detection tool for Ag^(+)in real water samples.

Determination of organochlorine pesticides from juice samples using magnetic biochar-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction in combination with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

Analysis of pesticide residue levels in juice beverages is important to ensure safe consumption and avoid global trade concerns associated to pesticide contaminations.A simple,inexpensive and effective method was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in bottled juice drinks using GC-MS.Sample pretreatment was performed using dispersive solid-phase microextraction(D-μ-SPE)for matrix desorption and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)for analyte enrichment.In this study,an affordable and effective sorbent for the adsorption of OCPs from juice samples was synthesized from avocado seeds mixed with magnetic precursors for D-μSPE.The ground avocado seeds combined with a magnetic precursor nanocomposite were characterized using various instruments including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)analysis.The solution obtained from D-μ-SPE desorption was used as a dispersant for the subsequent DLLME,which made the combination of D-μ-SPE with DLLME much easier.The effectiveness of the method was enhanced by optimizing the influential parameters in both D-μ-SPE and DLLME.Then after,the optimal values were determined for the real sample analysis.Accordingly,there was good linear dynamic range with a coefficient of determination(r2)≥0.9989.The limit of detection and quantification were 0.02–0.69 and 0.06–2.10 ng/L respectively.The method showed high enrichment factors ranging from 96 to 313 with recoveries of 87–100%.Intraday and interday precisions were≤4%.Compared with other reported methods,this method is a one-step,simple,cheap,fast,and environmentally friendly alternative and straightforward method for adsorbing organochlorine pesticides from sample solutions.These results demonstrates the high potential of the proposed method for the extraction and cleanup of contaminants in selected juices and other related samples.

Magnetic metal organic framework for pre-concentration of ampicillin from cow milk samples

The aim of this study is a present of a simple solvothermal synthesis approach to preparation of Cu-based magnetic metal organic framework(MMOF)and subsequently its application as sorbent for ultrasound assisted magnetic solid phase extraction(UAMSPE)of ampicillin(AMP)from cow milk samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-Ultraviolet(HPLC-UV)determination.Characteristics of prepared MMOF were fully investigated by different techniques which showed the exclusive properties of proposed sorbent in terms of proper functionality,desirable magnetic property and also high specific surface area.Different influential factors on extraction recovery including sorbent dosage,ultrasonic time,washing solvent volume and eluent solvent volume were assessed using central composite design(CCD)based response surface methodology(RSM)as an operative and powerful optimization tool.This is the first report for determination of AMP using MMOF.The proposed method addressed some drawbacks of other methods and sorbents for determination of AMP.The presented method decreases the extraction time(4 min)and also enhances adsorption capacity(250 mg/g).Moreover,the magnetic property of presented sorbent(15 emu/g)accelerates the extraction process which does not need filtration,centrifuge and precipitation procedures.Under the optimized conditions,the proposed method is applicable for linear range of 1.0-5000.0 μg/L with detection limit of 0.29 μg/L,satisfactory recoveries(≥95.0%)and acceptable repeatability(RSD less than 4.0%).The present study indicates highly promising perspectives of MMOF for highly effective analysis of AMP in complicated matrices.

Preparation of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Isolation and Determination of Kaempferol and Protoapigenone in Macrothelypteris torresiana

Novel uniform-sized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers （MMIPs） were synthe- sized for selective recognition of active antitumor ingredients of kaempferol （KMF） and protoapi- genone （PA） in Macrothelypteris torresiana （M. torresiana） by surface molecular imprinting tech- nique in this study. Super paramagnetic core-sheU nanoparticles （γ-MPS-SiO2@Fe3O4） were used as seeds, KMF as template molecule, acrylamide （AM） as functional monomer, and N, N＇-methylene bisacrylamide （BisAM） as cross-linker. The prepared MMIPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectrum fiT/R）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA）, respectively. The recognition capacity of MMIPs was 2.436 times of non-imprinted polymers. The adsorption results based on kinetics and isotherm analysis were in accordance with the pseudo-second-order model （R2=0.9980） and the Langmuir adsorption model （R2=0.9944）. The value of E （6.742 kJ/mol） calculated from the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model suggested that the physical adsorption via hydrogen-bonding might be predominant. The Scatchard plot showed a single line （R2=0.9172） and demonstrated the homogeneous recognition sites on MMIPs for KMF. The magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE） based on MMIPs as sorbent was established for fast and selective enrichment of KMF and its structural analogue PA from the crude extract of M. torresiana and then KMF and PA were detected by HPLC-UV. The established method showed good performance and satisfactory results for real sample analysis. It also showed the feasi- bility of MMIPs for selective recognition of active structural analogues from complex herbal extracts.

Metal-organic framework derived magnetic nanoporous carbon as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols from mushroom sample

In this work, a metal-organic framework derived nanoporous carbon （MOF-5-C） was fabricated and modified with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The resulting magnetic MOF-5-derived porous carbon （Fe304@MOF-5-C） was then used for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols （CPs） from mushroom samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption were used to characterize the adsorbent. After experimental optimization, the amount of the adsorbent was chosen as 8.0 mg, extraction time as 10 min, sample volume as 50 mL, desorption solvent as 0.4 mL （0.2 mL × 2） of alkaline methanol, and sample pH as 6. Under the above optimized conditions, good linearity for the analytes was obtained in the range of 0.8-100.0 ng g 1 with the correlation coefficients between 0.9923 and 0.9963. The limits of detection （SIN= 3） were in the range of 0.25-0.30 ng g-1, and the relative standard deviations were below 6.8%. The result showed that the Fe304@MOF-5-C has an excellent adsorption capacity for the analytes.

On-chip solid phase extraction coupled with electrophoresis using modified magnetic microspheres as stationary phase

A poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)/glass hybrid microchip for on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and electrophoresis separation has been developed and evaluated. The SPE microchannel was crossed to the electrophoresis microchannel. All the microfluidic channels were etched on the glass substrate. The magnetic microspheres were coated with hydroxyl-terminated poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH) serving as extraction phase,which could be conveniently immobilized into the sample pretreatment channel by magnetic field. The PDMS-OH microspheres were mobilized into and out of the pretreatment channel by injection flow. The 0.1 μmol/L solution of fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled phenylalanine (Phe) was electrically injected into the SPE channel and extracted onto the PDMS-OH microspheres bed. The enriched FITC-labeled Phe was electrically eluted by 9 mmol/L sodium acetate containing 10% acetonitrile and electrically driven into the electrophoresis channel and then separated. The preconcentration factor could reach 87.5 after sufficient extraction. A linear preconcentration curve was obtained with the initial FITC-labeled Phe concentration ranging from 6 nmol/L to 300 nmol/L (R2=0.9922) with 200 s loading time. The detection limit (S/N=3) for the FITC-labeled Phe was 3 nmol/L.

Determination of chlorogenic acid in traditional Chinese prescription Shuanghuanglian capsule using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with solid phase extraction

The determination method of chlorogenic acid in traditional Chinese prescription Shuanghuanglian capsule was established by using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(q NMR) in combination with solid phase extraction(SPE). As the capsule’s main active component, chlorogenic acid comes from the extraction of Chinese herb medicine Flos Lonicerae. The chlorogenic acid in capsule was ultrasonically extracted at room temperature using pure water as solvent. The extracting solution was enriched and cleaned using HC-C18 SPE cartridge. The effect of ultrasonic extraction, sample pretreatment conditions via SPE and q NMR experimental conditions were investigated. The q NMR experiment conditions were selected using deuterated DMSO as solvent, calibrated 1,4-phthalaldehyde as internal standard, and P1(pulse width) = 14.4 μs, d1(pulse delay time) = 1 s, NS(number of scan) = 512. The 1 H NMR peaks of δ 6.138–6.182(H-8’, d, 1 H) of chlorogenic acid was chosen as the quantitative peaks. Method validation was performed, including precision(the intra-day RSD = 1.2% and the inter-day RSD = 1.5%), linearity(correlation coefficient r>0.9999), LOD(0.0017 mg/g) and LOQ(0.079 mg/g). The recovery of the SPE-q NMR was within the range of 100.2%–103.2%. The result showed that the method was stable, accurate and reliabile. Determined by the method, the chlorogenic acid in a real Shuanghuanglian capsule was within the range of 9.68–10.35 mg/g.

Application of magnetic solid phase extraction in separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides

The analysis of endogenous glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids is of great importance for screening and discovering disease biomarkers with clinical significance.However,the presence of interfering substances makes the direct quantitative detection of low-abundance glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids one of the great challenges in analytical chemistry.Magnetic solid phase extraction(MSPE)has the advantages of easy preparation,low cost and good magnetic responsiveness.Magnetic adsorbents are the core of MSPE technology,and magnetic adsorbents based on different functional materials are widely used in the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids,making it possible to analyze glycoproteins and glycopeptides with low abundance as well as multiple types,which provides a technical platform for screening and evaluating glycoproteins and glycopeptides in body fluids as disease biomarkers.In this paper,we focus on the recent advances in the application of MSPE technology and magnetic adsorbents for the separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids,and the future trends and application prospects in this field are also presented.

Preparation of ferric oxide-aluminium oxide carbon nanofiber nanocomposites for ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction of 17-beta estradiol in wastewater

In this work,Fe3O4-Al2O3@CNFs nanocomposite was synthesised and used as a nanosorbent in the ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction(UA-DMSPE)of 17-beta estradiol(E2)in wastewater samples.The quantification of E2 was achieved using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector(HPLC-DAD).Various parameters affecting the efficiency of this sample preparation technique were optimised to achieve excellent sensitivity and high recoveries of E2.Response surface methodology was utilised for optimisation of these parameters.Using the optimised conditions,the linear dynamic range was achieved in the range of 0.1e1000 mgL^-1and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9981.The preconcentration factor,enrichment factor,limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)were 67,169,0.025 mgL^-1and 0.083 mg L1,respectively.The relative standard deviation(%RSD)for the intraday(n?10)and interday(n?5 working days)were 1.8%and 3.3%,respectively.The developed UA-DMSPE/HPLC-DAD method was applied for the preconcentration and determination of E2 in wastewater samples.The obtained results indicated that E2 was present in the wastewater samples.

Development of new solid phase extraction techniques in the last ten years

Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of solvent, high enrichment factor, high accuracy, etc. In recent years, a variety of new SPE methods such as molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）, magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE）, solid phase micro-extraction （SPME）, etc., which are superior to the conventional SPE, have been developed and been widely applied to food, drugs, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of SPE and its new applications in different areas are reviewed.

一种新型的用于萃取铷的冠醚功能化磁性固相纳米材料

本研究成功制备了一种新型的用于萃取铷的冠醚功能化磁性固相纳米材料(CFE)。通过溶剂热法合成了Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒磁核,利用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷在碱性环境下的酯水解反应,在磁核表面包覆SiO_(2)并修饰氨基,制备了Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NH_(2)中间产物,再利用4′-羧基苯并-18-冠6-醚上的羧基与修饰在Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NH_(2)表面的氨基在1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐的催化下发生酰胺化反应,将该冠醚修饰在中间产物的表面,制备了CFE新型材料。分析了Fe_(3)O_(4)、Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NH_(2)、CFE的微观形貌、磁化性质、X射线衍射性质、红外吸收性质、元素组成,佐证了材料被成功制备,验证了CFE对Rb^(+)的萃取能力,研究了溶液pH对Rb^(+)萃取效果的影响。结果表明,室温下萃取30 min,在pH为13时CFE对Rb^(+)具有最佳的萃取效果,萃取率为90.0%。

磁性氮化碳复合材料的制备及其对磷酸化肽的富集

蛋白质的磷酸化在细胞信号传导和疾病发生发展中起着重要作用,但磷酸化的动态变化和低丰度的特点使得对其直接分析有着较大的困难。为了解决磷酸化肽难离子化、检测丰度低的瓶颈问题,本研究制备了一种磁性氮化碳复合材料,结合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),建立了一种对复杂样品中低丰度磷酸化肽富集与分析的方法。采用电子显微镜、红外光谱分析及X射线衍射分析等手段对合成的磁性氮化碳材料进行表征。以酪蛋白酶解产物为实验模型,发现磁性氮化碳材料能够实现对磷酸化肽的高选择性富集和高灵敏度检测,检出限为0.1 fmol。选择脱脂牛奶、人唾液和人血清为实际分析样品,发现磁性氮化碳材料对微量蛋白生物样品中磷酸化肽的分析具有较高的应用潜力。

磁分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测人体尿样中天麻素

建立了一种磁分散固相萃取技术结合高效液相色谱法,用于快速检测人体尿液样本中的天麻素。采用化学共沉淀法自组装制备磁性活性炭/大孔树脂三元复合材料(Fe_3O_(4)/AC/MR),并将该材料用作吸附剂,实现尿液样本中天麻素的分离富集。在最佳实验条件下,天麻素浓度与峰面积间呈良好线性关系,线性范围为3.0×10^(-2)~10.0μg·mL^(-1),线性相关系数为0.9994,检出限为5.4μg·L^(-1)。以模拟人体尿液作为实际样品进行加标回收验证,加标回收率为94.87%~106.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.8%-4.2%之间。本研究建立的方法简便、快速、有效,为生物样本中天麻素的分离提纯提供了新方法。

磁性固相萃取前处理-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中阿维菌素类药物残留

目的建立磁性固相萃取(magnetic solid phase extraction,MSPE)前处理-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中阿维菌素类药物残留的方法。方法牛奶样品使用乙酸锌和亚铁氰化钾沉淀蛋白,8 mL乙腈提取,10 mg磁性HLB净化材料净化,5%乙腈-水、乙腈进行淋洗和洗脱,使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛奶中阿维菌素、乙酰氨基阿维菌素、伊维菌素和多拉菌素。结果4种药物在0.2~200.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r^(2)>0.995)。阿维菌素、伊维菌素和多拉菌素的检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.5μg/kg;乙酰氨基阿维菌素的检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为2.5μg/kg,回收率为74.31%~96.67%,相对标准偏差为0.02%~12.24%。结论本研究建立的MSPE前处理技术,极大地提高了样品前处理效率,缩短了样品检测的时间,降低了检测成本,减少了有机溶剂的使用,可应用于定量检测牛奶样品中阿维菌素类药物残留,为MSPE前处理方法的广泛应用提供参考。

六方氮化硼应用于样品前处理的研究进展

近几年,六方氮化硼由于孔隙率高、比表面积大、机械强度高、化学稳定性好、亲水性好、生物相容性好等优点,作为前处理材料获得了广泛关注,已被用于生物化学、食品安全、环境污染等领域的样品前处理,是一种理想的吸附剂。目前已开发了多种基于六方氮化硼材料作为吸附剂的样品前处理技术,包括固相萃取、分散固相萃取、固相微萃取、磁性固相萃取、管内固相微萃取、分散固相微萃取等,可实现多氯联苯、罗丹明B、黄酮类化合物、多环芳烃等分析物的萃取富集。综述了六方氮化硼材料在样品前处理领域的应用进展,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望。

磁性固相萃取技术在土壤污染物检测中的应用研究进展

近年来,各种污染物通过多种途径进入土壤环境中并积累,对土壤环境质量、食品安全和人体健康产生极大的危害。土壤基质较为复杂,采用高效、选择性好、灵敏度高、便捷简单的前处理技术对土壤中的污染物进行分析检测尤为重要。磁性固相萃取技术作为一种新型的前处理方法,与传统前处理技术相比具有多种优势。随着磁性纳米材料的兴起,根据土壤中污染物的不同,通过对磁性纳米粒子进行功能化修饰可以得到不同吸附性能的吸附材料,从而对土壤中的各种污染物进行选择性吸附。梳理了土壤中存在的主要污染物、传统的前处理技术、磁性固相萃取技术简介及优势,详细阐述了磁性固相萃取技术在土壤污染物分析检测中的应用研究进展,为磁性固相萃取技术在土壤污染物实际检测应用中提供参考。

基于MSEP@CTAB的磁固相萃取结合HPLC-UV法测定环境水和饮品中的苏丹红

目的制备一种有机/无机双功能化磁性纳米复合材料MSEP@CTAB,将其作为磁固相萃取的吸附剂并结合HPLC-UV法检测环境水和饮品中的苏丹红残留。方法以Fe_(3)O_(4)作为磁性纳米粒子,选择海泡石(Sepiolite,SEP)为无机材料对其进行修饰,再采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB)进行有机改性,得到有机/无机双功能化磁性纳米复合材料MSEP@CTAB;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁力针和全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪等对复合材料进行表征;考察并优化磁固相萃取条件。结果在最佳实验条件下,3种苏丹红染料在质量浓度0.5~50 ng·mL^(-1)内线性关系良好(R^(2)≥0.9962),检测限为0.05~0.07 ng·mL^(-1),定量限为0.17~0.23 ng·mL^(-1),日内和日间精密度分别为1.8%~8.8%和2.8%~9.0%。该方法被成功应用于环境水和饮品中3种苏丹红染料的检测,加标回收率为82.5%~108.2%。结论所建立的方法简便、快速、灵敏,为环境水和饮品中痕量苏丹红染料的检测提供了一种可行的策略。

磁性固相萃取-气质联用-同位素内标法精准检测白酒中8种高级脂肪酸乙酯

高级脂肪酸乙酯是引起酒体浑浊的关键因素之一。为系统分析白酒中的高级脂肪酸乙酯以改善白酒生产过程中的浑浊问题,建立了一种基于氨基化四氧化三铁(Fe_(3)O_(4)-NH_(2))磁性固相萃取结合气质联用技术的方法,用以同时测定白酒中8种高级脂肪酸乙酯。通过考察酒样的pH值、离子强度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、解吸溶剂种类、解吸溶剂酸碱度、解吸时间等因素,确定了较佳的萃取条件。结果表明:这8种高级脂肪酸乙酯在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R 2均大于0.99;方法检出限和定量限分别为9.1~42.9μg/L和5.2~200.0μg/L;回收率为79.6%~99.3%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为8.0%~10.7%。应用此方法,并结合同位素内标法对24种不同香型和品牌的白酒样品中8种高级脂肪酸乙酯进行精准定量,发现它们的种类和质量浓度存在显著差异。其中,在酱香型白酒中,高级脂肪酸乙酯的检出率最高,达到100%。该方法简便快捷,样品萃取只需10 min,具有高灵敏度和准确性,能够有效避免传统液-液萃取技术的背景干扰问题,可为实现白酒中高级脂肪酸乙酯的精准检测提供一种新的方法。

本科生综合实验:磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定茶叶样品中的苯脲类除草剂

在教育部推进新农科建设和学科交叉融合的背景下,本研究设计了一项综合化学实验,旨在提升学生在生物质功能材料制备及农药残留检测中的实践技能。实验采用天然丝瓜络合成氮掺杂磁性多孔碳材料,应用于磁性固相萃取(MSPE)技术,结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测茶叶样品中的苯脲类除草剂灭草隆。该实验流程包括材料合成、表征、MSPE条件优化、吸附性能研究及HPLC分析,体现了科学性和系统性,为学生提供了一个全面的学习平台。本实验不仅加深了学生对材料特性与应用之间关系的理解,而且提高了实验设计和问题解决能力。通过科学前沿、课程思政与实验教学的结合,不仅激发了学生的科研兴趣,培养了创新思维和实践能力,还加强了学生的社会责任感和历史使命感,实现了实验教学的全面育人目标,为培养具有全球视野和社会责任感的高素质人才奠定了基础。