Production and Characterization of Green Biosorbent Based on Modified Corn Cob Decorated Magnetite Nanoparticles

In most developing countries, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, corn cobs are considered as waste polluting the environment during the harvest period of this cereal. In order to valorize this agricultural waste, high-performance, inexpensive and low-energy consumption magnetic bioadsorbents were prepared from corn cobs. The chemically activated raw corn cob was magnetized by coating the surface with magnetite nanoparticles. The prepared biosorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM associated with EDX, HR-TEM, TG analysis, BET surface area analysis and XPS. The maximum specific surface area of 35.22 m2/g was reached. An attempt to use of these magnetic biosorbents for the removal of heavy metal like Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was envisaged.

Application of Modified Silica Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Removal of Iodine from Water Samples

The adsorption of iodine onto silica coated magnetite nanoparticles(im-SCMNPs) that modified with imidazole was investigated for removal of high concentrations of iodine from wastewater. Modified silica magnetite nanoparticles showed high efficiency in removing iodine from wastewater samples. The optimum pH for iodine removal was 7.0-8.0. The adsorption capacity was evaluated using both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The size of the produced magnetite nanoparticles was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Synthesized magnetite nanoparticles showed the high adsorption capacity and would be a good method to increase adsorption efficiency for the removal of iodine in a wastewater treatment process. The Langmuir adsorption capacity(qmax) was found to be 140.84 mg/g of the adsorbent.

Facile method to synthesize oleic acid-capped magnetite nanoparticles

We described a simple one-step process for the synthesis of oleic acid-capped magnetite nanoparticles using the dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) to oxidize the precursor Fe^(2+) at 140℃.By adjusting the alkalinity of the reaction system,magnetite nanoparticles with two sizes of 4 and 7 nm could be easily achieved.And the magnetite nanoparticles coated by oleate were well-monodispersed in organic solvent.

Interactions of ferro-nanoparticles(hematite and magnetite) with reservoir sandstone: implications for surface adsorption and interfacial tension reduction

There are a few studies on the use of ferro-nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery,despite their magnetic properties;hence,it is needed to study the adsorption of iron oxide(Fe2 O3 and Fe3 O4) nanoparticles(NPs) on rock surfaces.This is important as the colloidal transport of NPs through the reservoir is subject to particle adsorption on the rock surface.Molecular dynamics simulation was used to determine the interfacial energy(strength) and adsorption of Fe2 O3 and Fe3 O4 nanofluids infused in reservoir sandstones.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photon spectroscopy(XPS) were used to monitor interaction of silicate species with Fe2 O3 and Fe3 O4.The spectral changes show the variation of dominating silicate anions in the solution.Also,the XPS peaks for Si,C and Fe at 190,285 and 700 eV,respectively,are less distinct in the spectra of sandstone aged in the Fe3 O4 nanofluid,suggesting the intense adsorption of the Fe3 O4 with the crude oil.The measured IFT for brine/oil,Fe2 O3/oil and Fe3 O4/oil are 40,36.17 and 31 mN/m,respectively.Fe3 O4 infused with reservoir sandstone exhibits a higher silicate sorption capacity than Fe2 O3,due to their larger number of active surface sites and saturation magnetization,which accounts for the effectiveness of Fe3 O4 in reducing IFT.

Highly efficient [C8mim][Cl] ionic liquid accompanied with magnetite nanoparticles and different salts for interfacial tension reduction

The 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C8 mim][Cl] ionic liquid(IL) was used as a novel surfactant in n-heptane/water system. The interfacial tensions(IFT) were measured and corresponding variations were investigated. An IFT reduction of 80.8% was appropriate under the IL CMC of about 0.1 mol·L^-1 and stronger effects were achieved when magnetite nanoparticles and salts were present profoundly under alkaline p Hs.The equilibrium IFT data were accurately simulated with the Frumkin adsorption model. Hereafter, the saturated surface concentration, equilibrium constant and interaction parameter were obtained and their variations were demonstrated. Further, emulsion stability and contact angle of oil/water interface over quartz surface were studied. The oil/water emulsion stability was hardly changed with nanoparticles;however, the stability of oil/water + IL emulsions was significantly improved. It was also revealed that the presence of sodium and calcium chloride electrolytes fortifies the IL impact, whereas sodium sulfate weakens. From dynamic IFT data and fitting with kinetic models, it was found that the IL migration toward interface follows the mixed diffusion–kinetic control model. Consequently, the IL diffusion coefficient and the appropriate activation energy were determined.

Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaves Extracts of <i>Azadirachta indica</i>and Its Application for the Removal of As(V) from Water

Because of various disadvantages of chemical synthesis processes, these days people are attracting towards green synthesis processes as it is devoid of toxic by-products, cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this study, a simple green synthesis method is applied for the synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) by co-precipitation of FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O in the molar ratio of 2:1 using Azadirachta indica leaves extract under nitrogen environment. FTIR, XRD, SEM etc. were used to characterize the synthesized MNPs. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to determine adsorption equilibrium of As(V) as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and different initial concentrations. Kinetics results were best described by pseudo-second order model with rate constant value 0.0052 g/(mg·min). The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was best fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 62.89 mg/g at pH 2. MNPs showed a high affinity for As(V) and avoids filtration for solid-liquid separation, thus it would be employed as a promising material for the removal of As(V) from water.

Comparative Study between Magnetite Nanoparticles and Magnetite/Silver as a Core/Shell Nanostructure

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite/silver nanoparticles (M/Ag NPs) were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+. In case of M/Ag NPs, MNPs (core) were separately coated by silver metal (shell) in presence of glucose as a reducing agent. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The superparamagnetic natures of the nanoparticles were confirmed by the absence of the hysteresis loop. Coverage with silver produced a core-shell heterostructure which weakens magnetization of MNPs, inducing an inert character to the fnal nanostructure. The surface conjugation of MNPs with silver metal has been employed in order to improve the compatibility of magnetite nanoparticles to overcome their limitations in practical applications.

Conjugation of Magnetite Nanoparticles with Melanogenesis Substrate, NPrCAP Provides Melanoma Targeted, <i>in Situ</i>Peptide Vaccine Immunotherapy through HSP Production by Chemo-Thermotherapy

In order to develop melanoma-targeted in situ peptide vaccine immunotherapy, magnetite nanoparticles were conjugated with a melanogenesis substrate, N-propionyl cysteaminylphenol (NPrCAP). Magnetite nanoparticles introduced thermotherapy which caused non-apoptotic cell death and generation of heat shock protein (HSP) upon exposure to alternating magnetic field (AMF). NPrCAP was expected to develop a melanoma-targeted therapeutic drug because of its selective incorporation into melanoma cells and production of highly reactive free radicals, that result in not only oxidative stress but also apoptotic cell death by reacting with tyrosinase.

Review: Low Cost, Environmentally Friendly Humic Acid Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles (HA-MNP) and Its Application for the Remediation of Phosphate from Aqueous Media

Phosphate is a primary nutrient required for the normal functioning of many organisms in the ecosystem. However, presence of excess phosphate into the aquatic systems leads to eutrophication which can promote harmful algal growth and decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. Municipal, industrial and agricultural run-off wastewaters are the major point sources for phosphate discharges. There are different methods to remove phosphates from water. Among these, adsorption is the most widely accepted method for phosphate removal because of its high efficiency, minimum cost, easy and simple operation and applicability at lower concentrations. The emphasis of this review, is to consolidate low cost, environmentally friendly humic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles (HA-MNP) and its application for the remediation of phosphate from aqueous media. The magnetic nanoparticles could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using a simple hand held magnet and adsorption studies demonstrate the fast and effective separation of phosphate with maximum removal efficiency > 90% at pH 6.6. The adsorption behavior follows the Freundlich isotherm and the removal of phosphate is found higher at acidic and neutral pH compared to basic conditions. The nanoparticles exhibit good selectivity and adsorption efficiency for phosphate in the presence of co-existing ions such as Cl-, ?and??with some inhibition effect by??and finally, the effect of temperature on the adsorption reveals that the process is endothermic and spontaneous.

Stabilization of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Encapsulation into the Silica Matrix

Different methods have been investigated for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Control of the particle size, dispersion, purity and stability have been always regarded an issue. In this study magnetite （Fe304） superparamagnetic nanoparticles with a size range about 20 nm have been successfully synthesized using chemical co-precipitation method from the solution of ferrous/ferric mixed salt-solution in alkaline media in oxygen-free environment. The sol-gel method has been chose to encapsulate magnetic nanoparticles into silica matrix. The phase structures, morphologies, surface area, functional classes and magnetic properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM and AFM, BET, FT-IR and VSM. The results showed that the resultant films, consisting of encapsulated magnetite have crack free and smooth surface with a roughness value 1.5 rim.

Properties of Biogenic Magnetite Nanoparticles in the Radula of Chiton Acanthochiton rubrolineatus Lischke

The properties of biogenic magnetite（Fe 3 O 4 ）nanoparticles in chiton acanthochiton rubrolineatus lischke were characterized by selected electron diffractometry,high resolution transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,M·ssbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements.Results showed that the magnetite nanoparticles presented crystalline appearance,exhibiting strong absorptions at 595,1 463,3 467 cm-1 and weak adsorptions at 1 697,1 113,1 048,848,445 cm-1 in FT-IR,two partially overlapping sextets in M·ssbauer spectrum,and the area ratio of the sextets was 1.08.Also,the particles exhibited ferromagnetic behavior,and had 82 A·m2/kg saturation magnetization,1.4·104 A/m coercive force and 4.0 A·m2/kg remnant magnetization,respectively.The investigation indicates that the biogenic magnetite nanoparticles mineralized in the chiton are impure in composition and non-stoichiometric.

Analysis of Spectroscopic, Optical and Magnetic Behaviour of PVDF/PMMA Blend Embedded by Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) Nanoparticles

In the present work, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple chemical method. Polymer nanocomposites based on the blend between poly vinylamine fluoride (PVDF) and (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped with different concentrations of Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been prepared. The structural, optical, and magnetization properties of the nanocomposite samples were studied using suitable techniques. The X-ray study reflected that the cubic spinal structure of pure Fe3O4 crystal. No small peaks or ripples were found in the X-ray spectra, conforming to good dispersion of Fe3O4 within PVDF/PMMA matrices. The FT-IR analysis demonstrated the miscibility between the PVDF and PMMA blend with the interaction between the polymer blend and Fe3O4. The values of the band gap from UV-Vis study were decreased up to 4.21 eV, 3.01 eV for direct and indirect measurements, respectively. The magnetization was measured as a function of the applied magnetic field in the range of −2000 - 2000 Oersted. The curves of the magnetization indicated a paramagnetic behavior of pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PVDF/PMMA-Fe3O4 nanocomposites. The values of saturation magnetization for pure Fe3O4 are nearly 75 emu/g, exhibiting a paramagnetic behavior, and it is decreased with the increase of Fe3O4 content.

Magnetite nanoparticles coat around activated -alumina spheres: A case of novel protection of moisture-sensitive materials against hydration

Protection of various materials against hydration is of continuing interest to chemists and material scientists. We report on stabilization of porous surface of activated -alumina spheres (AAS) against hydration by an adhesive coat of nano-magnetite particles. The nano-Fe3O4-coated AAS were prepared in the ultrasound-agitated suspension of magnetite nanoparticles in heptane and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET surface area analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is deduced that nanoparticle-alumina bonding interaction in non-polar organic solvent is enhanced by van der Waals attractive forces and that sonication induces changes in alumina morphology only in regions of contact between alumina and magnetite nanoparticles. The coated AAS submerged in still water avoid hydration and remain permeable by small gaseous (N2) molecules, while those soaked in moving water lose part of their coat and undergo hydration. The pristine and the coated AAS were briefly compared for their ability to degrade model antibiotics by using LC-MS analysis. It is confirmed that the degradation of trimethoprim is more efficient on the coated AAS. Our results are challenging for further research of Coulombic interactions between nano-particles and appropriate solid supports.

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Water Hyacinth: Effect of Process Conditions and Magnetite Nanoparticles on Biocrude Yield and Composition

In this work, an efficient way of converting the water hyacinth to biocrude oil using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) as potential catalysts was demonstrated for the first time. MNPs were synthesised by co-precipitation and used in the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of water hyacinth at different reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, MNPs to biomass ratio and biomass to water ratio). The best reaction conditions were as follows: temperature— 320, reaction time—60 minutes, MNPs to biomass ratio – 0.2 g/g and biomass to water ratio – 0.06 g/g. HTL in presence of MNPs gave higher biocrude yields compared to HTL in absence of MNPs. The highest biocrude yield was 58.3 wt% compared to 52.3 wt% in absence of MNPs at similar reaction conditions. The composition of biocrude oil was analysed using GC-MS and elemental analysis. GC-MS results revealed that HTL in presence of MNPs led to an increase in the percentage area corresponding to hydrocarbons and a reduction in the percentage area corresponding to oxygenated compounds, nitrogenated compounds and sulphur compounds. Elemental analysis revealed an increase in the hydrogen and carbon content and a reduction in the nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur content of the biocrude when HTL was done in presence of MNPs compared to HTL in absence of MNPs. The nanoparticles were recovered from the biochar by sonication and magnetic separation and recycled. The recycled MNPs were still efficient as HTL catalysts and were recycled five times. The application of MNPs in the HTL of water hyacinth increases the yield of biocrude oil, improves the quality of biocrude through removal of hetero atoms, oxygen and sulphur compounds and is a potentially economical alternative to the traditional petroleum catalysts since MNPs are cheaper, widely available and can be easily recovered magnetically and recycled. This will potentially lead to an economical, environmentally friendly and sustainable way of producing biofuels from biomass.

CTAB/SDBS水基囊泡相磁流体制备及稳定性研究

以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为原料复配自发形成囊泡相,并以其为微反应器,Fe^(2+)和Fe^(3+)在囊泡内发生反应,得到平均粒径为20m的Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米晶囊泡分散液作为水基磁流体。采用广角X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、磁滞回线(VSM)等对合成的Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米晶以及磁流体进行分析表征。结果表明,以合适的阴阳离子表面活性剂获得的囊泡相为微反应器形成的水基囊泡相磁流体,在室温稳定性优良,静置60h其稳定性系数仍然可达97%。在磁场反复作用后,囊泡相水基磁流体仍具有良好的稳定性,其中的Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米粒子颗粒均匀,具有超顺磁性特征,磁饱和度达到59emu/g。

基于改进目标场法梯度线圈的感应式磁声磁粒子浓度成像研究

感应式磁声磁粒子浓度成像(MACT-MI)是一种基于磁声耦合效应的磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)浓度成像新方法。由于其磁声信号的信噪比低,导致系统成像质量不佳,该文提出一种改善MACT-MI信噪比的新思路:首先,基于经典目标场法(TFM)设计梯度线圈的思路,将最小化磁场相对误差定义为适应度函数,并采用鲸鱼优化算法对电流密度系数进行优化,设计了一种结构灵活、激励简单的高质量梯度磁场线圈;其次,为研究梯度磁场空间分布特征对MACT-MI的影响,该文构建不同的MNPs分布模型,并利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL对MACT-MI的物理过程进行数值求解,得到成像区域的磁力和声压分布。仿真结果表明,磁力和声压的有效波动范围与梯度磁场均匀空间的大小成正比,且随着均匀空间的缩小,磁力和声压的峰值也随之衰减,通过提高磁场的均匀度可以有效提高磁声信号的信噪比,改善系统成像质量。研究结果可为成像装备的设计以及MACT-MI的后续实验应用提供研究基础。

复杂基质样品中金属纳米颗粒的SP-ICP-MS分析方法及应用研究进展

近年来,纳米技术和纳米材料的大规模应用导致大量的金属纳米颗粒(MNPs)释放并积累到环境中。由于独特的物理化学特性及生物毒性,环境中的MNPs严重威胁到生态环境及人类健康。因此,对复杂基质样品(土壤、沉积物、水体、生物)中的MNPs进行表征具有重要意义。在已报道的各种表征MNPs的技术中,单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱(SP-ICP-MS)在分离、鉴定和定量复杂基质样品中的MNPs方面发挥了重要作用。该文主要介绍了SP-ICP-MS分析技术的原理及其复杂基质的样品前处理方法,评述了近年来SP-ICP-MS在环境科学、生命科学、医学MNPs分析应用中的新进展,并提出了SP-ICP-MS技术未来研究和应用的方向。

Facile in situ synthesis and characterization of Fe@Si/zeolite Na composites with magnetic core–shell structures from natural materials for enhanced curcumin loading capacity

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that is used in various traditional medicines.However,its inherent properties,such as its rapid degradation and metabolism,low bioavailability,and short half-life,are serious problems that must be resolved.To this end,a drug carrier incorporating natural magnetic cores in a zeolite framework was developed and applied to the loading of curcumin in ethanol solutions.In this system,curcumin is encapsulated in a zeolite Na(ZNA)magnetic core–shell structure(Fe@Si/ZNA),which can be easily synthesized using an in situ method.Synthesis of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles was carried out from natural materials using a co-precipitation method.Analysis of the prepared magnetic core–shell structures and composites was carried out using vibrating-sample magnetometery,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and x-ray diffraction.The cumulative loading of curcumin in the ZNA composite with 9%nanoparticles was found to reach 90.70%with a relatively long half-life of 32.49 min.Stability tests of curcumin loading in the composite showed that adding magnetic particles to the zeolite framework also increased the stability of the composite structure.Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies also found that the system follows the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models.

四氧化三铁纳米颗粒的制备与应用

纳米材料是一种具有重要应用前景的新型材料,由于其独特的物理和化学性质,纳米材料的研究和应用领域正在不断扩大和深化。四氧化三铁(Fe_(3)O_(4))纳米颗粒由于其特殊的磁性、电学性质与极佳的生物相容性,使其在医学领域具有广泛的应用前景。系统介绍了Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒化学液相的制备方法和近年来在医学领域的实际应用。