Performance improvement of magneto-acousto-electrical tomography for biological tissues with sinusoid-Barker coded excitation

By combining magnetics, acoustics and electrics, the magneto-acoustic-electrical tomography（MAET） proves to possess the capability of differentiating electrical impedance variation and thus improving the spatial resolution. However,the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） of the collected MAET signal is still unsatisfactory for biological tissues with low-level electrical conductivity. In this study, the formula of MAET measurement with sinusoid-Barker coded excitation is derived and simplified for a planar piston transducer. Numerical simulations are conducted for a four-layered gel phantom with the 13-bit sinusoid-Barker coded excitation, and the performances of wave packet recovery with side-lobe suppression are improved by using the mismatched compression filter, which is also demonstrated by experimentally measuring a three-layered gel phantom. It is demonstrated that comparing with the single-cycle sinusoidal excitation, the amplitude of the driving signal can be reduced greatly with an SNR enhancement of 10 dB using the 13-bit sinusoid-Barker coded excitation. The amplitude and polarity of the wave packet filtered from the collected MAET signal can be used to achieve the conductivity derivative at the tissue boundary. In this study, we apply the sinusoid-Barker coded modulation method and the mismatched suppression scheme to MAET measurement to ensure the safety for biological tissues with improved SNR and spatial resolution, and suggest the potential applications in biomedical imaging.

Conductivity reconstruction algorithms and numerical simulations for magneto–acousto–electrical tomography with piston transducer in scan mode

Conductivities tomography with the interactions of magnetic field, electrical field, and ultrasound field is presented in this paper. We utilize a beam of ultrasound in scanning mode instead of the traditional ultrasound field generated by point source. Many formulae for the reconstruction of conductivities are derived from the voltage signals detected by two electrodes arranged somewhere on tissue＇s surface. In a forward problem, the numerical solutions of ultrasound fields generated by the piston transducer are calculated using the angular spectrum method and its Green＇s function is designed approximately in far fields. In an inverse problems, the magneto-acousto-electrical voltage signals are proved to satisfy the wave equations if the voltage signals are extended to the whole region from the boundary locations of transducers. Thus the time-reversal method is applied to reconstructing the curl of the reciprocal current density. In addition, a least square iteration method of recovering conductivities from reciprocal current densities is discussed.

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography using pulse compression technique

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography （LFEIT） combines ultrasound stimulation and electromagnetic field detection with the goal of creating a high contrast and high resolution hybrid imaging modality. In this study, pulse compression working together with a linearly frequency modulated ultrasound pulse was investigated in LFEIT. Experiments were done on agar phantoms having the same level of electrical conductivity as soft biological tissues. The results showed that：（i） LFEIT using pulse compression could detect the location of the electrical conductivity variations precisely; （ii） LFEIT using pulse compression could get the same performance of detecting electrical conductivity variations as the traditional LFEIT using high voltage narrow pulse but reduce the peak stimulating power to the transducer by 25.5 dB; （iii） axial resolution of 1 mm could be obtained using modulation frequency bandwidth 2 MHz.

Equivalent circuit model including magnetic and thermo sources for the thermo–magneto–electric coupling effect in magnetoelectric laminates

The nonlinear thermo–magneto–mechanical magnetostrictive constitutive and the linear thermo–mechanical-electric piezoelectric constitutive are adopted in this paper. The bias magnetic field and ambient temperature are equivalent to a magnetic source and a thermo source, respectively. An equivalent circuit, which contains a magnetic source and a thermo source at the input, for the thermo–magneto–electric coupling effect in magnetoelectric（ME） laminates, is established. The theoretical models of the output voltage and static ME coefficient for ME laminates can be derived from this equivalent circuit model. The predicted static ME coefficient versus temperature curves are in excellent agreement with the experimental data available both qualitatively and quantitatively. It confirms the validity of the proposed model. Then the models are adopted to predict variations in the output voltages and ME coefficients in the laminates under different ambient temperatures, bias magnetic fields, and the volume ratios of magnetostrictive phases. This shows that the output voltage increases with both increasing temperature and increasing volume ratio of magnetostrictive phases; the ME coefficient decreases with increasing temperature; the ME coefficient shows an initial sharp increase and then decreases slowly with the increase in the bias magnetic field, and there is an optimum volume ratio of magnetostrictive phases that maximize the ME coefficient.This paper can not only provide a new idea for the study of the thermo–magneto–electric coupling characteristics of ME laminates, but also provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of ME laminates, operating under different sensors.

Design of a Magneto-Electric Dipole Element for Mobile Communication Base Station Antennas

The magneto-electric dipole antenna is a kind of complementary antenna composed of a planar electric dipole and a shorted patch antenna. It has excellent electrical characteristics including wide impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, low back lobe radiation, nearly identical E-plane and H-plane patterns, stable radiation pattern, and steady antenna gain over the operating frequency range. In this paper, the basic characteristics of a linearly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna are reviewed, and a dual-polarized antenna element based on the magneto-electric dipole is presented. The design of a conical beam wideband antenna with horizontal polarization is also described. These antennas have practical applications in modern 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, and WiMax wireless communication systems.

Enhanced magneto-electric effect in manganite tricolor superlattice with artificially broken symmetry

The magneto-electric effect in magnetic materials has been widely investigated, but obtaining an enhanced magnetoelectric effect is challenging. In this study, tricolor superlattices composed of manganese oxides-Pr（0.9）Ca（0.1）MnO3,La（0.9）Sr（0.1）MnO3, and La（0.9）Sb（0.1）MnO3-on（001）-oriented Nb：SrTiO3 substrates with broken space-inversion and timereversal symmetries are designed. Regarding the electric polarization in the hysteresis loops of the superlattices at different external magnetic fields, both coercive electric field Ec and remnant polarization intensity Pr clearly show strong magneticfield dependences. At low temperatures（〈 120 K）, a considerable magneto-electric effect in the well-defined tricolor superlattice is observed that is absent in the single compounds. Both maxima of the magneto-electric coupling coefficients ？Ec and ？Pr appear at 30 K. The magnetic dependence of the dielectric constant further supports the magneto-electric effect. Moreover, a dependence of the magneto-electric effect on the periodicity of the superlattices with various structures is observed, which indicates the importance of interfaces. Our experimental results verify previous theoretical results regarding magneto-electric interactions, thereby paving the way for the design and development of novel magneto-electric devices based on manganite ferromagnets.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRESSUREMAGNETO-ELECTRIC EFFECT OF JFET

In this paper the pressure-magneto-electric effect of Junction Field Effect Transistor（JFET）is discussed by using standard relaxation techniques.A theoretical evaluation of thepressure sensitivity and Hall sensitivity of the n-channel silicon JFET with various geometries（W/L）,gate voltages(VFS)and drain voltages(VDS)is made.The results show that whenP≠0,B=0,the current-pressure sensitivity is about 2.5%.cm2/N,supposing W/L（?）1/2-1.Based on that,a junction field effect pressure sensor with high stability and low noise is designed.

Electromagneto-Optical Scanning of the Magnetic Domains Local Areas of Bismuth-Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnets

Magneto-electric properties of the magnetic domains local areas of bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet films are investigated. The electromagneto-optical (EMO) scanning method was used in our experiments when probing by laser beam various sites of separate magnetic domains of the film. Registered in our experiments the nonlinear and linear components of EMO effect does not remain to constants at optical scanning of various points of the magnetic domain. I.e. the local EMOE picture from the separate sites of the domain must be more informative than an averaged one in the multidomain case.

经颅磁声电刺激对健康与帕金森病大鼠神经回路中beta振荡的影响

背景:经颅磁声电刺激是一种基于磁声耦合电效应的无创、高精度脑神经聚焦刺激方法,可调节神经节律振荡活动,从而影响大脑的运动、认知等功能。目的:探究经颅磁声电刺激对健康与帕金森病大鼠神经回路中beta振荡的影响。方法:①动物实验:采用随机数字表法将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只:正常对照组不进行任何干预;正常刺激组大脑前额叶皮质接受经颅磁声电刺激(空间峰值脉冲平均强度为13.33 W/cm^(2),基波频率为0.4 MHz,基波周期数为1000,脉冲重复频率为200 Hz);模型对照组、模型刺激组通过腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶建立帕金森病模型,造模成功后,模型对照组大脑前额叶皮质接受经颅磁声电假刺激,模型刺激组大脑前额叶皮质接受经颅磁声电刺激,每天刺激时长2.0 min,刺激结束停留8-10 min后,采集大鼠执行T迷宫过程中局部场电位信号并同时记录行为学正确率,对比分析各组局部场电位信号能量的时频分布情况和行为差异,当大鼠正确率连续3 d高于80%后停止刺激实验和T迷宫实验。②建模仿真实验:构建经颅磁声电刺激下皮质-基底神经节回路模型,分别改变超声发射周期(5,10,20 ms)、超声发射占空比(30%,50%,90%)和感应电流密度(20,50,100μA/cm^(2)),比较不同刺激参数下健康与帕金森病大鼠beta振荡的功率谱密度值。结果与结论:①动物实验:正常对照组大鼠的空间学习能力强于模型对照组(P<0.001),正常刺激组大鼠的空间学习能力强于正常对照组(P<0.05),模型刺激组大鼠的空间学习能力强于模型对照组(P<0.01);正常对照组beta振荡能量分布较为集中,正常刺激组较正常对照组beta振荡信号能量有所降低,模型对照组与模型刺激组beta振荡能量广泛分布且能量值显著高于正常对照组、正常刺激组,并且模型刺激组beta振荡信号能量明显低于模型对照组;②建模仿真实验:不加刺激时,健康大鼠beta频段功率谱密度峰值(30 dB)显著低于帕金森病大鼠(55 dB);施加经颅磁声电刺激后,两组大鼠beta频段功率谱密度值普遍降低;beta频段功率谱密度峰值与超声发射周期呈正相关、与感应电流密度呈负相关,当超声发射占空比为50%时功率谱密度峰值最低;③结果表明:经颅磁声电刺激可抑制健康与帕金森病大鼠的beta振荡,进而改善大鼠的运动功能与决策认知功能。

基于皮层-基底神经节环路模型的经颅磁声电刺激对大鼠行为决策的影响

经颅磁声电刺激(TMAES)是一种新型、无创、可改变不同脑区电活动的神经调控方法。前额叶皮层与基底神经节中各脑区相互影响,在行为决策中起着关键作用,然而目前涉及其调节机理的研究相对较少。前运动皮层神经元活性和前额叶皮层突触可塑性与行为决策关系密切。该文基于皮层-基底神经节回路模型,模拟分别对健康大鼠、帕金森大鼠施加刺激后,不同脑区在奖赏选择任务中的神经活动,仿真分析不同感应电流强度对皮层神经元放电率和脑区间突触权重的影响。并通过行为学实验进一步探讨经颅磁声电刺激对健康大鼠与帕金森模型大鼠行为决策的影响。仿真结果显示,对健康大鼠施加刺激可提高前额叶皮层与纹状体、前运动皮层之间的突触权重;对帕金森大鼠施加刺激可提高前运动皮层神经元放电率,调节前额叶皮层与纹状体、前运动皮层之间的突触权重。实验结果显示,施加刺激后,大鼠的学习探索能力和空间记忆能力均得到了提高,且帕金森模型大鼠受刺激的作用效果更显著。研究结果表明,经颅磁声电刺激可提高大鼠的运动积极性和学习效率,且有助于改善基底神经节的功能失衡。研究结果为进一步探索经颅磁声电刺激调节决策认知功能的作用机制奠定基础。

铝合金材料缺陷检测的磁声电方法

不同的无损检测方法适用于不同的场景,为丰富现有的无损检测方法,本文提出了一种适用于非铁磁材料缺陷检测的磁声电检测新方法。通过COMSOL仿真软件及磁声电检测实验平台,对铝合金材料裂缝缺陷进行检测,对不同缺陷尺寸进行仿真及实验研究,并验证该方法的可行性。仿真结果表明,在缺陷的边界处获得了明显的磁声电缺陷信号。验证了缺陷宽度与缺陷信号的关系,当缺陷宽度L大于波长λ时,缺陷电信号峰值时间t及幅值U均相同,反之,缺陷左、右壁产生的电信号相互叠加。研究表明,实验与仿真结果具有一致性,说明本文提出的磁声电检测新方法能够实现缺陷的高精度检测。

经颅磁声电刺激强度对小鼠前额叶皮质网络可塑性的影响

背景:经颅磁声电刺激是一种新型无创的神经调控技术,利用超声波与静磁场耦合作用产生的感应电场调节神经系统的放电活动,但其影响大脑突触可塑性的作用机制研究尚浅。目的:探讨经颅磁声电刺激强度对小鼠前额叶皮质神经网络突触可塑性的影响。方法:①动物实验:将24只C57小鼠平均且随机分为4组,对照组(接受伪刺激)、刺激6.35 W/cm^(2)组(接受0.3 T、6.35 W/cm^(2)的耦合刺激)、刺激17.36 W/cm^(2)组(接受0.3 T、17.36 W/cm^(2)组的耦合刺激)和刺激56.25 W/cm^(2)组(接受0.3 T、56.25 W/cm2的耦合刺激),记录小鼠执行T迷宫过程中局部场电位信号和行为学正确率。②建模仿真实验:构建经颅磁声电刺激小鼠前额叶皮质神经网络模型,分别比较不同刺激强度下神经网络结构连接特性。结果与结论:①经颅磁声电刺激能够有效缩短小鼠行为学习时间,工作记忆能力得到改善(P<0.05),且习得行为后继续刺激小鼠前额叶,各组小鼠T迷宫行为学实验准确度没有明显差异(P>0.1)。分析小鼠前额叶局部场电位信号发现经颅磁声电刺激促进了β节律与γ节律能量增强;而随刺激强度升高,β节律与γ节律出现了非同步性下降;通过β-γ相位幅值耦合发现,刺激增强了神经网络适应新的信息和任务要求的能力变化。②建模仿真发现,刺激使得神经网络放电水平增强,长时程突触权重水平提高而短时程突触权重仅在刺激强度较高时降低。③研究结果表明,不同的刺激强度与神经网络功能结构的影响存在复杂的非线性关系;这种神经调控技术为治疗突触功能障碍和神经网络异常等相关神经疾病方面提供新的可能。

层合磁电能量采集器的研究进展

层合磁电(ME)能量采集器具有微型化、柔性化和功能多样化等优点,在植入医疗、物联网(IoT)和微机电系统(MEMS)等低功耗设备的自供电监测中具有广阔的应用前景。评述了该采集器的最新研究进展,介绍了其磁-机-电耦合能量转换机理,梳理了各种高频、低频磁能采集器和低频混合能采集器的类型与结构特点,综合比较分析了器件性能,指出高频磁能采集器在植入设备无线供电医疗诊治中的潜在优点和低频采集器在载流IoT设备自供电传感监测中的显著优势。最后总结了该采集技术目前存在的问题和未来发展方向。

接闪阳极参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响

接闪材料遭受雷电直击损伤的数值分析中尚不清楚阴极-放电电弧-阳极结构下材料参数对损伤分析的影响。为此,该文以飞机常用金属和复合蒙皮材料为研究对象,基于热等离子体电弧的磁流体动力学理论,建立雷电电弧的电-磁-热-力多场分析及其与材料的耦合模型,研究不同材料参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响。结果表明,接闪阳极材料的电导率和热导率变化会改变电弧-材料界面的电流和能量分布及其耦合过程,影响各过程对材料致损的贡献。接闪材料表面的洛伦兹力、磁感应强度和电流密度随着电导率和热导率变化0.1~20倍时,其峰值最大可分别改变622.2%、172.5%和63.5%,峰值位置最大可分别变化-54.8%、59.4%和-53.1%。该文可为接闪材料的雷击损伤数值分析和耐受能力改进提供参考。

基于磁声耦合效应的电导率重建方法研究综述

介绍了基于磁声耦合效应的磁声层析成像(magneto-acoustic tomography,MAT)和磁声电层析成像(magneto-acousto-electrical tomography,MAET)2类电导率成像方法的正问题与逆问题的理论基础,综述了不同成像策略的电导率重建方法的研究进展,分析了基于磁声耦合效应的电导率重建方法在声源模型构建、重建算法和成像速度等方面存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向。

基于多物理场复合的新型无创脑深部精准刺激方法探究

现有的无创电磁刺激技术,以临床应用最广的经颅磁刺激(TMS)为代表,尚无法突破聚焦性和刺激深度的技术瓶颈,实现对深部功能核团的直接精准刺激。本研究基于磁声耦合理论,结合TMS技术中的交变磁场,提出一种新的基于多物理场复合的无创脑深部精准刺激方法(MI-TMAS),以期实现对脑深部的直接精准聚焦刺激。基于磁声耦合理论和磁感应理论对MI-TMAS中的刺激物理场进行仿真研究,并搭建了MI-TMAS系统及多物理场测试平台,对刺激物理场分布并进行实测。结合仿真和实测结果,对MI-TMAS复合刺激电场的聚焦性和电场强度进行探究。结果显示,该方法能够在脑深部靶区产生聚焦声场、磁声耦合电场、磁感应电场等3个复合刺激物理场,可以在刺激深度50 mm处形成聚焦尺寸约6.2 mm(-3 dB)的复合刺激电场,其在脑深部电场的聚焦性明显优于TMS,且刺激电场强度大于稳恒磁场下的TMAS。本研究为MI-TMAS方法应用于在体神经调控提供了理论以及技术基础。

一种低剖面低RCS磁电偶极子天线阵列的设计

设计了一种低剖面宽带低RCS磁电偶极子阵列。从辐射散射联合特性的角度研究天线单元的谐振特性,构造出具有相同辐射性能、对交叉极化来波反射相位接近反相的两种不同单元。在主极化方向采用同一单元和SIW差分馈电构造宽带匹配的子阵,带内良好匹配实现对主极化波的低散射;再通过将子阵镜像布阵实现对于交叉极化来波的散射相消,从而有效缩减天线RCS。该天线工作频带为26.77~34.35 GHz(24.8%),峰值增益为17.7 dBi。与采用同一类型单元的参考阵列对比,所提磁电偶极子阵列在22.5~34.5 GHz范围实现了-10 dB交叉极化RCS缩减,并且辐射频带内没有明显的增益损失。

磁电式低频振动传感器原位校准改进型系统的设计与实现

针对拾振器的原位校准在高频段的灵敏度误差大的问题,构建了改进校准电路后系统模型。通过实验,得到原位校准与激光干涉法的归一化灵敏度的相对误差,发现改进电路后的相对误差小于改进电路前的相对误差。此外,在实验过程中,水平向传感器对于安装角度有较高的要求,分别改变传感器与水平面的夹角,获得了激光干涉法与原位校准法的校准结果,发现当传感器与水平面有一定夹角时,使用改进后校准的方法后,低频灵敏度与高频灵敏度的误差变大。

增程式发电机的磁热耦合分析及试验研究

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