Devolatilization of high viscous fluids with high gravity technology

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are generally toxic and harmful substances that can cause health and environmental problems.The removal of VOCs from polymers has become a key problem.The effective devolatilization to remove VOCs from high viscous fluids such as polymer is necessary and is of great importance.In this study,the devolatilization effect of a rotating packed bed(RPB)was studied by using polydimethylsiloxane as the viscous fluid and acetone as the VOC.The devolatilization rate and liquid phase volume(KLa)have been evaluated.The results indicated that the optimum conditions were the high-gravity factor of 60,liquid flow rate of 10 L·h^(-1),and vacuum degree of 0.077 MPa.The dimensionless correlation of KLa was established,and the deviations between predicted and experimental values were less than±28%.The high-gravity technology will result in lower mass transfer resistance in the devolatilization process,enhance the mass transfer process of acetone,and improve the removal effect of acetone.This work provides a promising path for the removal of volatiles from polymers in combination with high-gravity technology.It can provide the basis for the application of RPB in viscous fluids.

Properties of magneto-rheological fluids based on amorphous micro-particles

To improve the magneto-rheological (MR) properties of magneto-rheological fluids, self-made amorphous alloy particles, the composition of which was Fe76Cr2Mo2Sn2P10B2C2Si4, were used as the disperse phase to replace traditional carbonyl iron (CI) particles to prepare amorphous based magneto-rheological fluid (AMRF). Soft magnetic properties and densities of the amorphous particles and the CI particles were tested and compared. The results indicate the amorphous particles present a lower density but larger magnetization intensity and larger permeability at lower field levels. Properties of the AMRF with 20% particles in volume fraction were tested and compared with the CI based MR fluid (CMRF). The AMRF presents a saturation yield stress of 41 kPa at ~227 kA/m and a sedimentation ratio of 80%. The results indicate the magneto-rheological fluid based on amorphous micro-particles has better MR properties and sedimentation stability than that based on CI particles at lower field levels (0-200 kA/m).

Novel magneto-rheological fluid damper for passive force/torque feedback

The damper is capable of providing a continuously variable dampering force/torque in response to a magnetic field. It consists of an upside cap and an underside cap with a rotor located between them, the magneto-rheological （MR） fluid is filled into the gaps between the rotor and the caps. When the viscosity of the MR fluid increases under the influence of the magnetic field, the movement of the rotor will be resisted. The output torque is made up of the torque caused by the magnetic field, the torque caused by the plastic viscosity of the MR fluid, and the torque caused by the coulomb friction. The viscous torque can be calculated by a simple method and the frictional torque can be obtained by experiments. The torque dependent on the magnetic field is obtained by electromagnetic finite dement analysis. Experiments are done on the damper prototype and the validity of the design is verified.

Reciprocating friction characteristics of magneto-rheological fluid for aluminum under magnetic field

Reciprocating friction characteristics of magneto-rheological （MR） fluid for aluminum under a magnetic field at different loads and oscillation frequencies were studied when MR fluids were worked in reciprocating motions such as in dampers for automobiles, and surface polishing and other finishing. Thus, experiments were carried out to evaluate the reciprocating friction characteristic of MR fluid for aluminum. The obtained data from the tests are sorted in groups depending on various loads and oscillation frequencies, to analyze the relationship between test condition and travel cycle. Surfaces of specimens were compared by measuring the surface roughness and observing the surface images. The performance of reciprocating friction characteristics of MR fluid for aluminum is evaluated through analyzing the experiment results.

Drilling Fluid System & Technology in Sichuan Gas Field

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Bubble Column Reactor Fluid-dynamic Evaluation at Pilot-plant for Residue and Extra-heavy Crude Oil Upgrading Technology

Bubble column reactors are multiphase contacting devices used in a wide variety of industrial application. Inrtevep S. A. is working on developing technologies to convert heavy and extra-heavy crude oil using this type of reactors. Volumetric gas hold up, flow pattern, average gas bubble size, average interfacial area, RTD （residence time distribution）, dispersion coefficient, Peclet number are important design parameters for a proper scale up of them. Several cold model experiments have been proposed to determine the previously mentioned parameters at atmospheric conditions, using a plexiglas bubble column reactor at pilot plant scale unit （12 cm diameter）. It was also evaluated our own design of internal trays （plates） in the reactor. Air-tap water and air-light oil systems have been used. A wide operating condition range was applied, superficial gas velocity between 0.5-10 cm/s, liquid flowrate between 15-65 I/h. Generally speaking, working without internal trays was found that gas hold up increase along the reactor and it was possible to identify heterogeneous bubble, transition and turbulent flow pattern areas for the air-light oil system. Average gas bubble size increase along the reactor at bubble regime from 2-5 mm but at turbulent regime, stay oscillating between 1-3 mm. Average interfacial area increases exponentially with superficial gas velocity at any reactor height, till 1,412 m2/m3 for the air-light oil system but, at bubble flow regime, the average interfacial area is lower than 100 m2/m3, which negatively impact the reactor performance. Internal trays in the reactor always increase gas hold up at any condition or system used. Residence time distributions curves, Peclet numbers and dispersion coefficients founded, show that this reactor with this kind of design internal trays still tends to be a complete mixing reactor under the operating conditions used.

Supercritical fluid technology:A game-changer for biomacromolecular nanomedicine preparation and biomedical application

Biomacromolecules are attractive in biomedical applications as therapeutic agents and potential drug carriers due to their natural active components,good biocompatibility,and high targeting.However,their large relative molecular weight,complex structure,susceptibility to degradation,and poor stability limit their usefulness.Nanotechnology can address these issues by improving the therapeutic value,bioavailability,permeability,and absorption of biomacromolecules while regulating their retention time in the body.Especially,compelling evidence has been reported that supercritical fluid(SCF)technology has emerged as an alternative that maintains the integrity of biomacromolecules and reduces environmental contamination.In this review,we highlight a set of unique nanosizing strategies based on SCF technology for biomacromolecular nanomedicine,and extensively discuss their characteristics and mechanisms.In particular,the protein-based,nucleic acid-based,and polysaccharide-based nanomedicine preparations via SCF technology and their biomedical applications are summarized,and the potential for industrial production of biomacromolecular drugs is also considered.We further provide perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in this excellent field of biomacromolecular drugs nanotechnology.

A disc-type magneto-rheologic fluid damper

A disc-type magneto-rheological fluid damper operating in shear mode is proposed in this paper,which is based on the special characteristics of the magneto-rheological (MR) fluid with rapid, reversible and dramatic change in its rheological properties by the application of an external magnetic field. The magneticfield of the disc-type MR fluid damper is analysed by the finite element method ; the controllability of the disctype MR fluid damper on the dynamic behaviour of a rotor system ; and the effectiveness of the disc-type MR fluid damper in controlling the vibration of a rotor system, are studied in a flexible rotor system with an over-hung disc. It is shown that the magnetic flux density of the disc-type MR fluid damper in the working areas can significantly change with the applied current in the coil ; and that the dynamic behavior of the disc-type MR fluid damper can be varied by the application of an external magnetic field produced by a low voltage electromagnetic coil. The disc-type MR fluid damper can significantly change the dynamic characteristics of a rotor system, provided that the location of the disk-type MR fluid damper is carefully chosen. The disc-type MR fluid damper is a new actuator with good dynamic characteristics for rotating machinery.

Commercial Application of the MIP-CGP Technology for Olefin Reduction in FCC Unit

The refinery of Yanshan Petrochemical Company has twice retrofitted a 2.0-Mt/a RFCC unit with the MIP-CGP technology aimed at maximization of isoparaffins/clean gasoline and increased output of propylene. By modifying the riser reactor with addition of the second reaction zone coupled with an added external catalyst cooler outside the regenerator and adoption of the CGP catalyst to control the cracking depth the refiners have realized the target of reducing olefin content in gasoline and increasing the yield of LPG. The results of retrofitting the RFCC unit have revealed that after revamp of FCC unit the yield of LPG was increased by 7.31%, the conversion rate was increased by 9.06%, and the total liquid yield was decreased by 0.3%. After revamp of the RFCC unit the olefin content in gasoline was reduced by 19.5 v%, and the RON rating of gasoline was increased by 0.7 units to meet the demand of Beijing municipality for manufacture of the Olympic clean gasoline.

Application Prospect of STF Technology in Braking Field

Brake device is applied widely, its purpose is to make the mechanical movement to stop or reduce the speed of a device. This paper introduces a new brake principle, which can significantly improve the shortcomings of the existing each kind of brake. The in-depth analysis on application advantages in the field of brake and the factors influencing the performance, and its application in the field of brake research are prospected.

Petroleum Patent Used Such Monitoring Technological Like Innovation Process of Drilling Fluids with Xanthan Gum ——World Panorama

This paper aims to discuss the importance of patenting and publishing as an instrument of incentive to technological innovation in the petroleum chemistry area. The present study has examined the publications and the patent applications published from 1974 to 2014. A technological monitoring methodology for patents in drilling fluid with xanthan gum has been compared using profiles of patent application in the world, with emphasis on Industrial Property Databases available on the internet (INPI-Br, Derwent, Espacenet, Patent Scope and USPTO) with intention to assess the main inventors, applications, applications’ countries, the IPC classification, years of application and category of claims as well as discuss the importance of patents as a means of encouraging technological innovation of xanthan gum. The United States and China stand out both in relation to the publication of papers as well as in the amount of patent filing in scientific publications with the theme drilling fluid with additive xanthan gum classified by the authors’ country of origin. It is observed that Brazil and the US lead the ranking with 15 publications (about 23.1% of the total). Among the 72 institutions obtained as a result, both Petrobras SA and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, lead the world ranking, with 6 publications each;in relation to the areas of knowledge, it is observed that engineering stands out in the publication of papers and the areas of chemistry, engineering, energy fuels and polymer science are noticeable in numbers of patent applications. The analysis of patent filings in the periods proposed features a significant percentage associated with the classification C09K.

3D Seismic Technology Applications to the Analysis of Sedimentary Basins

The recent advances of 3D seismic technique applied in geological study of sedimentary basin analysis were reviewed.The achievements in the study of the sedimentology,structural analysis, fluid-rock interaction and igneous geology were summarized.Because 3D seismic resolution and interpretation technology are enhanced surprisingly。

真空预载型多孔质空气静压轴承的静动态特性分析

为进一步提高轴承刚度,将真空预加载技术与多孔质空气静压轴承相结合,使轴承在没有额外预加载导轨的情况下获得双向刚度。探讨工作条件和结构参数对真空预载型多孔质空气静压轴承性能的影响,基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法对其静动态特性进行了数值分析。深入研究了供气压力、真空度、渗透率、真空抽气口直径、扰动幅度和扰动频率等因素对轴承性能的影响。结果表明,相比于一般多孔质空气静压轴承,真空预载型多孔质空气静压轴承的刚度提高了22.34%;工作条件和结构参数对其静态和动态特性有显著影响。该研究结果对高刚度空气静压轴承的性能研究和优化设计具有一定的指导意义。

干热岩定向钻井关键技术研究与应用

为推动干热岩产业化步伐,中国地质调查局在青海共和盆地部署了我国首例干热岩试验性开发工程,采用一口直井注入和两口定向井采出的开发模式,文章就定向井钻井关键技术进行研究与应用。青海共和盆地干热岩主要为花岗岩,地层硬度大、研磨性强、温度高,加上大规模储存改造的影响,定向井钻井作业存在机械钻速低、碎岩工具寿命短、测量仪器耐温差、信号不稳定、井眼轨迹控制难度大等技术难题。为保证钻井作业顺利推进,从井眼轨迹控制、提高井下工具耐温耐磨能力、提高钻井液高温流变性能、钻井液主动降温等技术手段入手,创新研发了耐高温MWD、抗高温聚合物钻井液体系、螺旋板式钻井液冷却装置等关键技术与装备,优选了“牙轮钻头+单弯螺杆+MWD”钻具组合,安全高效地完成了双靶点定向井施工,AB靶心的中靶精度分别为4.85 m和8.97 m,钻井周期缩短20%以上,并取得了最高进尺175.00 m、最快机械钻速3.74 m/h的提速增效成果。

超临界流体萃取技术在化工生产中的应用

文章先阐述了超临界流体萃取技术的相关概念,分析该技术的优势特点。在化工领域,超临界流体萃取技术被应用于天然色素、香精香料、生物活性物质、油脂、药物成分等多种化合物的提取和纯化,既能提高产品质量,又能减少环境污染和能源消耗,符合绿色化工和可持续发展的理念。并进一步分析了超临界流体萃取技术在化工生产中的具体应用,展现出该技术强大的实用性和发展潜力。

流固耦合作用对地下储氢库储盖层岩石微观力学性质的影响

枯竭油气藏型地下储氢库被公认为最具前景的大规模储氢方式。长期储氢过程中的流固耦合作用是影响地层长期稳定性和评估储氢效果的重要因素。利用纳米压痕技术探究气体介质和含水特征的差异对不同岩石微观力学性质的影响,进而评估最佳储氢工况。陆相页岩具有比杂砂岩和长石砂岩更强的硬度和更高的弹性模量,流固耦合作用能够显著提高储层岩石的结构稳定性,但是过大的反应强度也增加了氢损失。水及其中的氢离子和弱酸性阴离子是氢气与岩石发生反应的重要介质,有利于提高反应强度。甲烷可以附着在黏土、长石等矿物的颗粒和孔隙表面,减少与无机矿物接触并发生反应的氢气含量,使得反应更加复杂。综合考虑流固耦合作用对地层稳定性的影响和长期储氢过程中的氢气损耗,地层含水饱和度较低且具有甲烷作为垫层气的枯竭气藏可能是一种较为理想的大规模地下储氢构造。研究结果有助于筛选最优储氢工况,为枯竭油气藏型储氢库的选址和建设提供参考。

微细粒浮选技术与装备研究进展及其发展趋势

随着矿产资源的开发和利用,贫、细、杂的矿物资源将越来越成为资源的主体来源,人们面临着如何高效利用这部分资源的问题;同时,为了使低品位的矿床能够经济开采,微细颗粒的浮选显得尤为重要。本文分析了微细粒矿物浮选过程中遇到的瓶颈问题,在此基础上分析并归纳了近年来人们针对微细粒难以浮选的问题采用的新技术和新方法。最后,分析了微细粒浮选装备需要满足的流体动力学条件,总结了近年来微细粒浮选装备的发展,并对未来微细粒浮选技术和装备的发展趋势进行了展望。

致密油整体缝网压裂技术在杏树岗油田杏69-1井区扶余油层的应用实践

针对大庆致密油储层地质条件逐年变差,以及采用常规压裂改造工艺达不到预期增产效果的问题,创新采用整体缝网压裂工艺,主要从地质选层、缝储匹配、液性组合、有效改造4个方面进行方案优化。依托杏树岗油田杏69-1井区扶余油层“井缝控藏”理念,纵向上通过甜点优选压裂层段,平均单井压裂层数由4层减少至3层。横向上考虑砂体连通关系,以缝控储量最大为目标,优化施工规模,平均单井液体规模降低16%,支撑剂规模降低31.4%,单井成本降低4.7%。同时采用变黏压裂液、控缝高工艺,积极推行全链条挖潜增效,实现该井区扶余油层整体缝网压裂效益开发。现场应用表明,整体缝网压裂技术提高了缝控储量规模,实现了储层改造最大化、缝控储量最大化。实际平均单井日产油5.7t/d,比设计值提高103%;实际建设产能1.62×10^(4)t,超额完成22.7%。

非电阻率测井流体识别研究现状及展望

电阻率测井是目前流体识别的主要手段,但其在具有低孔隙度低渗透率、非均质性较强、特殊矿物发育等特点的储层中不易准确判别流体性质。为解决复杂储层流体识别问题,基于非电阻率测井技术衍生出了一系列方法,该文分别阐述其判别流体性质的原理、应用实例以及适应条件。针对非电阻率测井流体识别方法的发展方向提出:二维核磁共振可结合实验室刻度进行流体识别图版优化,并且在数据采集质量及处理效果提升的基础上发展三维核磁共振流体识别方法。利用斯通利波直接反演流体表征参数,并开展大量实验、模拟完善氯元素产额校正理论以形成稳定氯离子流体识别法,尝试基于岩性扫描测井仪器Litho Scanner等提取快中子截面进行流体识别;结合机器学习算法进行图谱流体信息提取及性质区分。开展多测井技术联合识别流体性质方法研究,并形成具有推广价值的工作流程。

叠合盆地深层海相油气差异富集历史的动态模拟——以塔河油田下古生界含油气系统为例

以塔里木盆地塔河油田下古生界含油气系统为例,针对叠合盆地深层海相油气复杂的差异富集历史,采用成藏动力学模拟方法进行深层油气的生排烃、运聚和调整改造的历史恢复。研究表明:①塔河油田下寒武统烃源岩的热演化史反映出不同构造带的生排烃过程及其强度具有明显不同,是导致深层油气相态差异的主要原因。②走滑断裂和不整合面等构成的复合输导体系控制深层油气早期运移聚集和后期调整,中寒武统台内膏盐岩阻止深层油气的垂向运聚,致使深层油气呈现明显的“断控”特征,其中北东向走滑断裂带和深层油气运移低势区叠加有利于汇聚成藏,且主要沿北东向走滑断裂带呈串珠状分布。③成藏动态模拟揭示“源-断-缝-膏-保”时空配置控制塔河深层油气的差异富集,奥陶系经历多期充注、垂向运聚、侧向调整改造的成藏历史,深层油气一直处于运移聚集和逸散的动态平衡中。④油气残留量统计显示塔河油田深层奥陶系鹰山组和蓬莱坝组仍具有较好的勘探开发潜力,超深层中上寒武统具有一定的油气资源前景。研究为塔里木盆地深层油气的动态定量评价提供了参考依据,也可以为古老克拉通盆地碳酸盐岩相关油气成藏演化的研究提供借鉴。