Simulating the Escaping Atmosphere of GJ 436 b with Two-fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Models

Observations of transmission spectra reveal that hot Jupiters and Neptunes are likely to possess escaping atmospheres driven by stellar radiation.Numerous models predict that magnetic fields may exert significant influences on the atmospheres of hot planets.Generally,the escaping atmospheres are not entirely ionized,and magnetic fields only directly affect the escape of ionized components within them.Considering the chemical reactions between ionized components and neutral atoms,as well as collision processes,magnetic fields indirectly impact the escape of neutral atoms,thereby influencing the detection signals of planetary atmospheres in transmission spectra.In order to simulate this process,we developed a magnetohydrodynamic multi-fluid model based on MHD code PLUTO.As an initial exploration,we investigated the impact of magnetic fields on the decoupling of H^(+)and H in the escaping atmosphere of the hot Neptune GJ436b.Due to the strong resonant interactions between H and H^(+),the coupling between them is tight even if the magnetic field is strong.Of course,alternatively,our work also suggests that merging H and H^(+)into a single flow can be a reasonable assumption in MHD simulations of escaping atmospheres.However,our simulation results indicate that under the influence of magnetic fields,there are noticeable regional differences in the decoupling of H^(+)and H.With the increase of magnetic field strength,the degree of decoupling also increases.For heavier particles such as O,the decoupling between O and H^(+)is more pronounced.Our findings provide important insights for future studies on the decoupling processes of heavy atoms in the escaping atmospheres of hot Jupiters and hot Neptunes under the influence of magnetic fields.

Mixed convectional and chemical reactive flow of nanofluid with slanted MHD on moving permeable stretching/shrinking sheet through nonlinear radiation,energy omission

Hybrid nanofluids are remarkable functioning liquids that are intended to reduce the energy loss while maximizing the heat transmission.In the involvement of suction and nonlinear thermal radiation effects,this study attempted to explore the energy transmission features of the inclined magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation flow of CNTs-hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear permeable stretching or shrinking sheet.This work also included some noteworthy features like chemical reactions,variable molecular diffusivity,quadratic convection,viscous dissipation,velocity slip and heat omission assessment.Employing appropriate similarity components,the model equations were modified to ODEs and computed by using the HAM technique.The impact of various relevant flow characteristics on movement,heat and concentration profiles was investigated and plotted on a graph.Considering various model factors,the significance of drag friction,heat and mass transfer rate were also computed in tabular and graphical form.This leads to the conclusion that such factors have a considerable impact on the dynamics of fluid as well as other engineering measurements of interest.Furthermore,viscous forces are dominated by increasing the values ofλ_(p),δ_(m)andδ_(q),and as a result,F(ξ)accelerates while the opposite trend is observed for M andφ.The drag friction is boosted by the augmentation M,λ_(p)andφ,but the rate of heat transfer declined.According to our findings,hybrid nanoliquid effects dominate that of ordinary nanofluid in terms of F(ξ),Θ(ξ)andφ(ξ)profiles.The HAM and the numerical technique(shooting method)were found to be in good agreement.

电磁驱动高能量密度动力学实验的一维磁流体力学多物理场数值模拟平台:SSS-MHD

超高压、超高密度物质状态生成和性质研究是当代极端物理学的重要前沿领域,电磁驱动的高能量密度物理实验对于该领域的意义尤为重要。这类实验虽然形式上多种多样,但在物理上有内在统一性,即均以力学守恒定律和宏观电磁理论为基本框架。为了建立统一数值模拟平台、依靠负载电流实验数据(或驱动电路真实数据)确定各种极端实验条件下负载构形的力学运动及其与各个物理场的耦合问题,将经受大量实际检验的冲击、爆轰动力学和激光效应计算的一维拉格朗日编码SSS,实质性扩展成为磁流体力学多物理场耦合编码SSS-MHD。对于具有典型意义的平面准等熵斜波压缩、高速平面固体飞片发射、固体套筒电磁内爆和炸药内爆磁通量压缩实验等各类高能量密度动力学实验案例的模拟计算结果表明,编码SSS-MHD计算与美国Z装置、中国CQ和CJ系列装置的实验及美国编码ALEGRA-1D和2D计算数据的相对偏差基本不超过5%。该数值模拟平台为极端材料动力学实验(包括气体、液体、化合物和金属)提供了有力的支撑,还将有助于多维磁流体力学多物理场编码的开发。

Soret and Dufour effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Casson fluid

This article studies the Soret and Dufour effects on the magnetohydrody- namic （MHD） flow of the Casson fluid over a stretched surface. The relevant equations are first derived, and the series solution is constructed by the homotopic procedure. The results for velocities, temperature, and concentration fields are displayed and discussed. Numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number for different values of physical parameters are constructed and analyzed. The convergence of the series solutions is examined.

Magnetohydrodynamics instability of interfacial waves between two immiscible incompressible cylindrical fluids

The problem of nonlinear instability of interfacial waves between two immiscible conducting cylindrical fluids of a weak Oldroyd 3-constant kind is studied. The system is assumed to be influenced by an axial magnetic field, where the effect of surface tension is taken into account. The analysis, based on the method of multiple scale in both space and time, includes the linear as well as the nonlinear effects. This scheme leads to imposing of two levels of the solvability conditions, which are used to construct like-nonlinear Schr6dinger equations （1-NLS） with complex coefficients. These equations generally describe the competition between nonlinearity and dispersion. The stability criteria are theoret- ically discussed and thereby stability diagrams are obtained for different sets of physical parameters. Proceeding to the nonlinear step of the problem, the results show the appearance of dual role of some physical parameters. Moreover, these effects depend on the wave kind, short or long, except for the ordinary viscosity parameter. The effect of the field on the system stability depends on the existence of viscosity and differs in the linear case of the problem from the nonlinear one. There is an obvious difference between the effect of the three Oldroyd constants on the system stability. New instability regions in the parameter space, which appear due to nonlinear effects, are shown.

THE FORMATION OF SHOCK WAVES OF THE EQUATIONS OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS

The property of fluid field of one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) transverse flow after the appearance of singularity is discussed. By the method of iteration, the strong discontinuity (shock wave) and entropy solution are constructed and the estimations on the singularity of the solution near the point of blow-up are obtained.

基于MHD角速度传感器的面阵相机模糊图像复原

在轨卫星平台上普遍存在着宽频带、低幅值的微角振动,随着对航天相机探测能力和遥感图像空间分辨率要求的不断提高,微角振动对星载光学系统成像质量的影响更加突出.针对高频微角振动造成的图像模糊问题,提出使用磁流体动力学(magnetohydrodynamics,MHD)角速度传感器测量面阵相机受到的微角振动,并根据面阵相机角运动信息构建点扩散函数,进一步采用基于全变差正则化的图像复原算法实现图像复原,从而提高图像质量.首先,在分析航天相机受到微角振动干扰产生像移原因的基础上,建立像移模型,并根据像点在焦平面上的移动轨迹构建点扩散函数.其次,搭建实验系统模拟航天相机在微角振动环境下的成像过程,在垂直于光轴的方向上施加单频正弦角振动干扰,并使用MHD角速度传感器进行探测.最后,利用基于全变差正则化的图像复原优化算法对模糊图像进行复原,并基于图像的调制传递函数对复原图像质量进行评价.实验结果表明:当微角振动频率在20~300 Hz内,且产生的像移在13个像元以下时,复原图像的调制传递函数积分面积可达到静态图像积分面积的90%以上,图像细节清晰,对比度得到明显提升.对同一频点进行多次重复实验,结果表明该方法具有良好的重复性.相关实验结果表明,基于MHD角速度传感器的微角振动测量方法和图像复原算法相结合能够显著提高航天相机的成像质量.

Analysis of Pulsatile Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Third Grade Blood Flow in a Stenosed Artery

In this research, we modeled MHD third grade blood flow in a stenosed artery. The blood viscosity and the density have been modeled into the shear thinning/thickening parameters, the most important rheological properties of blood. We used regular perturbation method and obtained the flow characteristics such as the flow velocity, the volume flow rate, the shear stress and the resistance to the flow considering a single layered stenosed artery. The results however showed that there is significant increase in volume flow rate and the velocity with increase in the magnetic field intensity H and the shear thinning Λ and reduces with increase in the shear thickening Ω.

火星弓激波上游离子回旋波的观测研究

离子回旋波广泛分布于火星弓激波上游,在卫星坐标系下其频率接近当地质子回旋频率,准平行于背景磁场方向传播,与在火星外逸层太阳风拾起新生H离子有关。该文基于磁流体理论,对MAVEN探测器观测到的离子回旋波进行事例分析,通过对等离子体密度扰动、速度扰动以及磁场扰动的参数拟合,发现该离子回旋波事件可用斜传播的快磁声波与平行传播的阿尔文波的叠加来解释。该文有助于进一步理解火星上游所观测到的离子回旋波相关扰动的物理本质,对其中等离子体物理过程的重新建模和数值模拟具有指导意义。

日冕准周期快模磁声波的研究进展

日冕准周期快模磁声波是日冕中较常见的一种波动现象,这种波动现象通常与耀斑和日冕物质抛射等太阳活动爆发相关。根据准周期快模磁声波列的特征,还可以细分为窄准周期快模磁声波和宽准周期快模磁声波。研究表明,准周期快模磁声波包含的关键物理信息可以用来诊断耀斑核心区域特征、测量日冕磁场以及探测能量释放和传输等。简单叙述了准周期快模磁声波相关的主要观测特征和模拟结果,重点介绍准周期快模磁声波的最新研究进展及冕震学应用,讨论了准周期快模磁声波的激发机制,展望了未来需要研究的问题,并提供相关研究方法作为参考。

激波与轻质气柱作用过程的磁场抑制特性

本文采用CTU(corner transport upwind)+CT(constrained transport)算法求解理想可压缩磁流体动力学(magneto-hydro-dynamic,MHD)方程,仿真研究了不同方向磁场控制下高斯分布轻质气柱界面受平面冲击波扰动后的演化过程,揭示了磁场方向对界面不稳定性的影响机理.仿真结果探讨了有/无磁场作用下流场特性与波系结构的发展,对比分析了磁场方向对气柱的长度、高度、射流宽度和体积压缩率的影响,并结合流场上半区环量、能量分量、速度和磁场力分布,多角度分析了磁场方向对界面不稳定性的影响机理.结果表明,磁压力推动涡量远离界面,降低了涡量在密度界面上的沉积而附着在分裂后的涡层上,从而有效抑制Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性对界面的影响;由于磁张力附着在被分离的涡层上,且其作用方向与界面因速度剪切而卷起涡的方向相反,因此抑制了界面因Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性而形成涡串.另外,纵向磁场控制下的磁张力反作用于中轴射流方向,同样抑制了Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的发展.

MHD能量旁路超燃冲压发动机可行性分析

使用准一维模型对磁流体能量旁路超燃冲压发动机MPCE(Magneto-Plasma-Chem ical Engine)进行了性能计算.考察了理想和非理想的超燃冲压发动机应用磁流体MHD(magnetohydrodynam ics)能量旁路的效果,对于理想的超燃冲压发动机应用MHD反而会使发动机的性能降低;对于非理想的超燃冲压发动机,MHD的作用使发动机的比冲增加.考虑发动机工作的工程限制条件对超燃冲压发动机和MPCE的性能进行了比较,结果表明应用MHD可以扩大超燃冲压发动机的工作范围,在非设计马赫数下提高发动机的性能.计算了负载系数、通道压力系数等重要的设计参数对MPCE性能的影响,结果显示优化参数设置可以使发动机比冲增加,但是同时又会受到工程条件的限制.

日冕物质抛射的理想MHD模型研究

概括了日冕物质抛射的一些观测结果和它们与其它太阳活动现象的相关性。简要回顾了较早期日冕物质抛射的理论研究，着重介绍了最近研究得较多的理论机制，即能量储存机制，以及其中的磁通量绳突变模型与其它理论模型的MHD数值和解析研究以及相应的重要应用．

喷口电弧二维磁流体动力学(MHD)数学模型

为了揭示电弧在开断过程中的复杂物理现象，建立的喷口电弧二维磁流体动力学数学模型，强调了电弧、气流、电磁场三者的相互作用，消除了因忽略Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ力和电流密度径向分量引起的物理意义失真．应用有限元法对模型中Ｎ－Ｓ（ＮａｖｉｅｒＳｔｏｋｅｓ）方程和二维电磁场方程进行数值求解．数值计算结果反映了Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ力以及电流密度径向分量对电弧特性的影响，同时揭示了电弧热边界区的存在．

MHD控制微电离等离子体射流

为了研究磁流体动力学(MHD)控制低温微电离等离子体射流,实现推力矢量的可行性,提出了一种基于MHD控制等离子体流动理论的试验方法,建立了种子(碱金属盐)诱导燃气电离的MHD流动控制试验台,研究了不同温度和不同磁场方向条件下射流偏转向量角,并用用户自定义函数(UDF)加载MHD模型求解三维N-S方程,探究了数值研究MHD控制的可行性.结果表明:向燃烧室内注入低电离能种子能够诱导燃气电离,形成磁流体,在磁场作用下实现推力矢量控制;等离子体射流偏转的数值模拟结果与试验结果在一定程度上是一致的,说明数值模拟MHD流动控制具有一定的可信度.

磁层顶边界层剪切流引起的MHD波模转化

采用非本征模方法(non-modal analysis)研究了磁层顶边界层中剪切流导致的MHD波模转化及其与背景流场的能量交换过程.发现在分别代表磁层顶内、外边界层及过渡区的均匀剪切流场中,初始设定的Alfv啨n波扰动可部分转化为快、慢磁声波.而且,在不同区域,根据等离子体参数的不同,发生的波模转化过程也不相同.在外边界,Alfv啨n波主要转化为慢磁声波;在内边界,Alfv啨n波则主要转化为快磁声波;而在二者之间的过渡区中,Alfv啨n波可同时转化为两种类型的磁声波.我们还发现,含有较强快波分量的扰动可从磁层顶剪切流场中获得能量而得到线性放大.上述物理过程可能对解释磁鞘至磁层的能量及动量异常输运现象有所帮助.

MHD激波解的讨论

从Ｒａｎｋｉｎｅ－Ｈｕｇｏｎｉｏｔ关系出发，以激波切向磁场ξ、上游激波角θ１和等离子体β１值为参数研究各类激波解的特性及相互关系，阐明各类激波强度随介质β值的变化规律．结果指出：（１）在ξ＜－１的Ⅰｂ型中间激波区和ξ＞４的快激波区存在双解；（２）慢激波可以直接和中间激波连接，但不能和快激波直接连接；（３）各类激波强度（用激波密度比衡量）随β１值均有变化：Ⅰｂ型中间激波上支随β１值增加而下降，下支则上升；Ⅰａ型中间激波和慢激波都随β１值增加而下降；快激波双解区上支随β１值增加而下降。下支上升；快激波在１＜ξ＜４区间的解随β１值增加而上升。

Al_2O_3-Si_3N_4-ZrO_2多相复合材料在燃煤MHD发电中的应用

采用Ａｌ２Ｏ３基料，添加第二相（ＺｒＯ２，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）和纤维相（ＺｒＯ２，（ｆ），以热压法制成Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＺｒＯ２多相复合材料。研究表明，新材料在青静态和动态试验中表现出良好的综合性能：１０７３Ｋ时的高温电阴率ｐ＝１．２４×１７＾７Ω．ｃｍ；静态熔渣最大腐蚀速率Ｖｓ＝０．１６μｍ／ｈ；动态最大腐蚀速率Ｖｄ＝０．４４９μｍ／ｈ。与Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比，室温抗弯强度提高９３％，抗热震临界...

太阳黑子本影振荡的多波段观测

基于多波段的观测数据,研究了黑子本影振荡在太阳大气不同高度或温度的振荡特征.目标黑子发生在2017年9月15日,位于活动区12680.多波段的观测数据包括AIA(Atmospheric Imaging Assembly)的极紫外成像及IRIS(Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph)的紫外光谱和成像.在太阳黑子的本影位置,AIA 1700Å光变曲线的振荡周期约为(4.2±0.8)min,而AIA 1600Å、171Å和193Å光变曲线的振荡周期约为(2.8±0.3)min.IRIS的Mg II h和k谱线及远紫外成像(2796Å)都表现为(3.1±0.5)min的准周期振荡,而谱线Si IV 1393.76Å的振荡周期约为(2.9±0.4)min.观测结果说明黑子本影的振荡周期随着太阳大气高度的升高而逐渐减小.较短的周期可认为是3 min振荡,很可能与黑子本影上方的慢磁声波有关,它起源于温度极小区并向上传播到日冕.较长的周期可解释为光球的5 min振荡,与太阳的P模振荡有关.

直流空气断路器高海拔环境下电弧重燃现象及其抑制措施

高海拔环境下直流空气断路器(DC ACB)在电弧开断过程中易发生重燃,导致开断失败的概率增加。为了抑制DC ACB高海拔开断时的电弧重燃,以轨道交通用车载DC ACB为研究对象,建立了二维磁流体动力学(MHD)仿真模型,分析了不同海拔下DC ACB中的电弧演变过程,通过增大横向磁场及设置“C”形栅片对其高海拔开断性能进行优化。结果表明增大横向磁场,2 km、3 km海拔下DC ACB不发生电弧重燃,但4 km、5 km海拔下发生电弧重燃。4 km、5 km海拔下,在增大横向磁场的基础上采用含“C”形栅片的改进灭弧室结构,能够使DC ACB在高海拔环境下成功开断。