Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)Filled in a Cavity with Y-Shape Heated Fin:FEM Computational

This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andmagnetic field.The temperature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the remaining walls remain cold.All walls are subject to impermeability and non-slip conditions.The mathematical modeling of the problem is demonstrated by the continuity,momentum,and energy equations incorporating the inclined magnetic field.For elucidating the flow characteristics Finite ElementMethod(FEM)is implemented using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine mesh is used for discretizing the domain.Velocity and thermal plots concerning parameters are drawn.In addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by monitoring changes in magnetic,viscous,total,and thermal irreversibility is provided.In addition,line graphs are created for the u and v components of the velocity profile to predict the flow behavior.Current simulations assume the dimensionless representative of magnetic field Hartmann number Ha between 0 and 100 and a magnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volume proportion of nanoparticles is employed throughout all scenarios.

Magnetopause properties at the dusk magnetospheric flank from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations,the kinetic Vlasov equilibrium,and in situ observations--Potential implications for SMILE

We derived the properties of the terrestrial magnetopause(MP)from two modeling approaches,one global–fluid,the other local–kinetic,and compared the results with data collected in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale 2(MMS2)spacecraft.We used global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere(publicly available from the NASA-CCMC[National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Community Coordinated Modeling Center])and local Vlasov equilibrium models(based on kinetic models for tangential discontinuities)to extract spatial profiles of the plasma and field variables at the Earth’s MP.The global MHD simulations used initial solar wind conditions extracted from the OMNI database at the time epoch when the MMS2 observes the MP.The kinetic Vlasov model used asymptotic boundary conditions derived from the same in situ MMS measurements upstream or downstream of the MP.The global MHD simulations provide a three-dimensional image of the magnetosphere at the time when the MMS2 crosses the MP.The Vlasov model provides a one-dimensional local view of the MP derived from first principles of kinetic theory.The MMS2 experimental data also serve as a reference for comparing and validating the numerical simulations and modeling.We found that the MP transition layer formed in global MHD simulations was generally localized closer to the Earth(roughly by one Earth radius)from the position of the real MP observed by the MMS.We also found that the global MHD simulations overestimated the thickness of the MP transition by one order of magnitude for three analyzed variables:magnetic field,density,and tangential speed.The MP thickness derived from the local Vlasov equilibrium was consistent with observations for all three of these variables.The overestimation of density in the Vlasov equilibrium was reduced compared with the global MHD solutions.We discuss our results in the context of future SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)campaigns for observing the Earth’s MP.

Simulating the Escaping Atmosphere of GJ 436 b with Two-fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Models

Observations of transmission spectra reveal that hot Jupiters and Neptunes are likely to possess escaping atmospheres driven by stellar radiation.Numerous models predict that magnetic fields may exert significant influences on the atmospheres of hot planets.Generally,the escaping atmospheres are not entirely ionized,and magnetic fields only directly affect the escape of ionized components within them.Considering the chemical reactions between ionized components and neutral atoms,as well as collision processes,magnetic fields indirectly impact the escape of neutral atoms,thereby influencing the detection signals of planetary atmospheres in transmission spectra.In order to simulate this process,we developed a magnetohydrodynamic multi-fluid model based on MHD code PLUTO.As an initial exploration,we investigated the impact of magnetic fields on the decoupling of H^(+)and H in the escaping atmosphere of the hot Neptune GJ436b.Due to the strong resonant interactions between H and H^(+),the coupling between them is tight even if the magnetic field is strong.Of course,alternatively,our work also suggests that merging H and H^(+)into a single flow can be a reasonable assumption in MHD simulations of escaping atmospheres.However,our simulation results indicate that under the influence of magnetic fields,there are noticeable regional differences in the decoupling of H^(+)and H.With the increase of magnetic field strength,the degree of decoupling also increases.For heavier particles such as O,the decoupling between O and H^(+)is more pronounced.Our findings provide important insights for future studies on the decoupling processes of heavy atoms in the escaping atmospheres of hot Jupiters and hot Neptunes under the influence of magnetic fields.

THE GLOBAL WELL-POSEDNESS OF SOLUTIONS TO COMPRESSIBLE ISENTROPIC TWO-FLUID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS IN A STRIP DOMAIN

In this paper,we consider a model of compressible isentropic two-fluid magneto-hydrodynamics without resistivity in a strip domain in three dimensional space.By exploiting the two-tier energy method developed in[Anal PDE,2013,6:1429–1533],we prove the global well-posedness of the governing model around a uniform magnetic field which is non-parallel to the horizontal boundary.Moreover,we show that the solution converges to the steady state at an almost exponential rate as time goes to infinity.Compared to the work of Tan and Wang[SIAM J Math Anal,2018,50:1432–1470],we need to overcome the difficulties caused by particles.

Exact solutions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a permeable axisymmetric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

We report on the magnetohydrodynamic impact on the axisymmetric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticles suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked sheet.With the use of partial differential equations and the corresponding thermophysical characteristics of nanoparticles,the physical flow process is illustrated.The resultant nonlinear system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using the suitable similarity transformations.The transformed differential equations are solved analytically.Impacts of the magnetic parameter,solid volume fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter on momentum and temperature distribution have been analyzed and interpreted graphically.The skin friction and Nusselt number were also evaluated.In addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching one.Further,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better thermal conductivity on comparing with Cu/H_(2)O nanofluid.Furthermore,it was found that the first solutions of the stream are stable and physically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

INCOMPRESSIBLE LIMIT OF IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS IN A DOMAIN WITH BOUNDARIES

We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.

三维Hall-magnetohydrodynamic方程的整体小解

该文研究R^(3)上的不可压缩的带霍尔效应的磁流体力学方程的Cauchy问题.假设初始速度的水平分量或水平分量的和及初始磁场的B˙_(2,1)^(1/2)范数充分小,该文证明了该方程存在整体光滑解,改进了Chae和Lee(J.Differ.Equ.2014,256:3835-3858)的结果.

Soret and Dufour effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Casson fluid

This article studies the Soret and Dufour effects on the magnetohydrody- namic （MHD） flow of the Casson fluid over a stretched surface. The relevant equations are first derived, and the series solution is constructed by the homotopic procedure. The results for velocities, temperature, and concentration fields are displayed and discussed. Numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number for different values of physical parameters are constructed and analyzed. The convergence of the series solutions is examined.

垂直上升通道内气泡–液态金属MHD流动与传热的数值研究

在聚变堆的冷却系统中,由于强磁场的影响,液态金属流动受到抑制,通过掺入气泡到液态金属中可减小磁流体力学(Magnetohydrodynamic,MHD)效应,提升传热速率。该文基于VOF多相流模型,在不同的磁场强度(0~1.3 T)和不同的气泡雷诺数(1.3×10^(4)~6.76×10^(4))范围内,对横向磁场作用下垂直上升通道中气泡-液态金属两相流动传热特性进行数值研究。结果表明,无磁场时气体呈柱状流,而在磁场作用下,由于MHD箍缩效应的影响,气柱破裂、分离,形成了气泡流;随着磁场增大,其分离点由入口逐渐向上移动,且气泡运动速度随之增加。与液态金属单相流相比,气泡-液态金属两相流动的平均换热系数随磁场强度和气泡雷诺数增加均呈下降趋势,但因两相流动显著减小由MHD效应引起的压降,从而提升通道内综合换热因子,且在磁场较小时,提升效果更好。

Entropy analysis in electrical magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) flow of nanofluid with effects of thermal radiation,viscous dissipation,and chemical reaction

The unsteady mixed convection flow of electrical conducting nanofluid and heat transfer due to a permeable linear stretching sheet with the combined effects of an electric field, magnetic field, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction have been investigated. A similarity transformation is used to transform the constitutive equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.The resultant system of equations is then solved numerically using implicit finite difference method.The velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy generation, and Bejan number are obtained with the dependence of different emerging parameters examined. It is noticed that the velocity is more sensible with high values of electric field and diminished with a magnetic field. The radiative heat transfer and viscous dissipation enhance the heat conduction in the system. Moreover, the impact of mixed convection parameter and Buoyancy ratio parameter on Bejan number profile has reverse effects. A chemical reaction reduced the nanoparticle concentration for higher values.

Mixed convectional and chemical reactive flow of nanofluid with slanted MHD on moving permeable stretching/shrinking sheet through nonlinear radiation,energy omission

Hybrid nanofluids are remarkable functioning liquids that are intended to reduce the energy loss while maximizing the heat transmission.In the involvement of suction and nonlinear thermal radiation effects,this study attempted to explore the energy transmission features of the inclined magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation flow of CNTs-hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear permeable stretching or shrinking sheet.This work also included some noteworthy features like chemical reactions,variable molecular diffusivity,quadratic convection,viscous dissipation,velocity slip and heat omission assessment.Employing appropriate similarity components,the model equations were modified to ODEs and computed by using the HAM technique.The impact of various relevant flow characteristics on movement,heat and concentration profiles was investigated and plotted on a graph.Considering various model factors,the significance of drag friction,heat and mass transfer rate were also computed in tabular and graphical form.This leads to the conclusion that such factors have a considerable impact on the dynamics of fluid as well as other engineering measurements of interest.Furthermore,viscous forces are dominated by increasing the values ofλ_(p),δ_(m)andδ_(q),and as a result,F(ξ)accelerates while the opposite trend is observed for M andφ.The drag friction is boosted by the augmentation M,λ_(p)andφ,but the rate of heat transfer declined.According to our findings,hybrid nanoliquid effects dominate that of ordinary nanofluid in terms of F(ξ),Θ(ξ)andφ(ξ)profiles.The HAM and the numerical technique(shooting method)were found to be in good agreement.

Momentum Transport in DIII-D Discharges with and Without Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） Activity

Two phases of a DIII-D discharge with and without magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） activity are analysed using ONETWO code. The toroidal momentum flux is extracted from experimental data and compared with the predictions by neoclassical theory, Gyro-Landau fluid transport model （GLF23） and Multi-Mode model （MMM95）. It is found that without MHD activities GLF23 and MMM95 provide a reasonable description while with MHD activity no model alone can fully describe the experimental momentum flux. For the phase with MHD activity a simple model of resonant magnetic drag is tested and it cannot fully explain the plasma slowing down observed in experiment.

THE GLOBAL EXISTENCE AND ANALYTICITY OF A MILD SOLUTION TO THE 3D REGULARIZED MHD EQUATIONS

In this paper,we study the three-dimensional regularized MHD equations with fractional Laplacians in the dissipative and diffusive terms.We establish the global existence of mild solutions to this system with small initial data.In addition,we also obtain the Gevrey class regularity and the temporal decay rate of the solution.

罗沙司他与琥珀酸亚铁对MHD肾性贫血患者铁蛋白、铁调素、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的分析罗沙司他和琥珀酸亚铁对于维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)肾性贫血患者的疗效。方法目的选取河西学院附属张掖人民医院肾病科2022年1月—2023年7月期间收治的90例MHD肾性贫血患者,依照治疗方法不同分组,每组45例。所有患者均使用常规对症治疗,对照组加用琥珀酸亚铁,观察组加用罗沙司他+琥珀酸亚铁,分析疗效。结果观察组血清转铁蛋白饱和度为(39.02±3.61)%,高于对照组的(34.96±3.38)%,差异有统计学意义(t=5.507,P<0.05),观察组的铁调素、铁蛋白水平低于对照组,观察组的炎症因子水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论罗沙司他协同琥珀酸亚铁能进一步改善MHD肾性贫血患者的铁代谢,调节铁调素,减轻炎性反应,值得推荐。

Analysis of Pulsatile Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Third Grade Blood Flow in a Stenosed Artery

In this research, we modeled MHD third grade blood flow in a stenosed artery. The blood viscosity and the density have been modeled into the shear thinning/thickening parameters, the most important rheological properties of blood. We used regular perturbation method and obtained the flow characteristics such as the flow velocity, the volume flow rate, the shear stress and the resistance to the flow considering a single layered stenosed artery. The results however showed that there is significant increase in volume flow rate and the velocity with increase in the magnetic field intensity H and the shear thinning Λ and reduces with increase in the shear thickening Ω.

GLOBAL UNIQUE SOLUTIONS FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE MHD EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE DENSITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

We study the global unique solutions to the 2-D inhomogeneous incompressible MHD equations,with the initial data(u0,B0)being located in the critical Besov space■and the initial densityρ0 being close to a positive constant.By using weighted global estimates,maximal regularity estimates in the Lorentz space for the Stokes system,and the Lagrangian approach,we show that the 2-D MHD equations have a unique global solution.

Experimental study of core MHD behavior and a novel algorithm for rational surface detection based on profile reflectometry in EAST

Microwave reflectometry is a powerful diagnostic that can measure the density profile and localized turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolution and will be used in ITER,so understanding the influence of plasma perturbations on the reflect signal is important.The characteristics of the reflect signal from profile reflectometry,the time-of-flight(TOF)signal associated with the MHD instabilities,are investigated in EAST.Using a 1D full-wave simulation code by the Finite-DifferenceTime-Domain(FDTD)method,it is well validated that the local density flattening could induce the discontinuity of the simulated TOF signal and an obvious change of reflect amplitude.Experimental TOF signals under different types of MHD instabilities(sawtooth,sawtooth precursors and tearing mode)are studied in detail and show agreement with the simulation.Two new improved algorithms for detecting and localizing the radial positions of the low-order rational surface,the cross-correlation and gradient threshold(CGT)method and the 2D convolutional neural network approach(CNN)are presented for the first time.It is concluded that TOF signal analysis from profile reflectometry can provide a straightforward and localized measurement of the plasma perturbation from the edge to the core simultaneously and may be a complement or correction to the q-profile control,which will be beneficial for the advanced tokamak operation.

近日太阳风中磁场回弯结构的MHD模拟

帕克太阳探针(Parker Solar Probe,PSP)在太阳附近发现大量磁力线回弯结构,通常还伴随有太阳风速度增加.这些磁力线回弯的产生机制到目前为止有多种解释,其中有代表性的一种是由慢太阳风中的喷流引起的.我们首先对PSP的就地观测数据进行了统计分析并给出了发生率和空间尺度随径向距离的演化情况,然后使用简化的1.5维磁流体动力学(magnetohydrodynamics,MHD)模型对喷流在太阳风中的演化进行了模拟,其中太阳风被简化为位于黄道面的球对称流.模拟结果表明喷流的确可以导致太阳附近磁力线发生偏转,验证了喷流可以对磁场方向改变有贡献的图景.不过喷流形成的原因还需要进一步研究.

Chemically Radiative MHD Flow of a Micropolar Nanofluid over a Stretching/ Shrinking Sheet with a Heat Source or Sink

This study examines the behavior of a micropolar nanofluidflowing over a sheet in the presence of a transverse magneticfield and thermal effects.In addition,chemical(first-order homogeneous)reactions are taken into account.A similarity transformation is used to reduce the system of governing coupled non-linear partial differ-ential equations(PDEs),which account for the transport of mass,momentum,angular momentum,energy and species,to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The Runge-Kutta method along with shoot-ing method is used to solve them.The impact of several parameters is evaluated.It is shown that the micro-rota-tional velocity of thefluid rises with the micropolar factor.Moreover,the radiation parameter can have a remarkable influence on theflow and temperature profiles and on the angular momentum distribution.

Hybrid Effects on MHD Mixed Convective Boundary Layer Flow through a Sloped Plate in Existence of Nanofluid-Saturated Porous Medium

This study examines the effects of heat, mass, and boundary layer assumptions-based nanoparticle characteristics on the hybrid effects of using MHD in conjunction with mixed convective flow through a sloped vertical pore plate in the existence of medium of porous. Physical characteristics such as thermo-diffusion, injection-suction, and viscous dissipation are taken into consideration, in addition to an equally distributed magnetic force utilized as well in the completely opposite path of the flow. By means of several non-dimensional transformations, the momentum, energy, concentration, and nanoparticle volume fraction equations under investigation are converted in terms of nonlinear boundary layer equations and computationally resolved by utilizing the sixth-order Runge-Kutta strategy in combination together with the iteration of Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting procedure. By contrasting the findings produced for a few particular examples with those found in the published literature, the correctness of the numerical result is verified, and a rather good agreement is found. Utilizing various ranges of pertinent factors, computing findings are determined not only regarding velocity, temperature, and concentration as well as nanoparticle fraction of volume but also concerning with local skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt and general Sherwood numbers associated with nanoparticle Sherwood number. The findings of the study demonstrate that increasing the fluid suction parameter decreases the velocity and temperature of the flow field in conjunction with concentration and has a variable impact on the nanoparticle fraction of volume, despite an increasing behavior in the local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt as well as general Sherwood numbers and an increasing behavior in the local nanoparticle Sherwood number. Furthermore, enhancing a Schmidt number leads to a reduction in the local nanoparticle Sherwood number and a rise in the nanoparticle proportion of volume. Along with concentration, it also reduces temperature and velocity. However, it also raises the local Sherwood and Nusselt numbers and reduces the local skin friction coefficient.