针对采用爆破破岩方式对金属矿山遗留矿柱进行回采存在安全性差与矿石损失率高的局限性,将具有无振动特征的高效静态破碎剂(High Range Static Cracking Agent,HSCA)引入遗留矿柱回采中。通过设计HSCA膨胀压应力测试试验与静力破岩试验...针对采用爆破破岩方式对金属矿山遗留矿柱进行回采存在安全性差与矿石损失率高的局限性,将具有无振动特征的高效静态破碎剂(High Range Static Cracking Agent,HSCA)引入遗留矿柱回采中。通过设计HSCA膨胀压应力测试试验与静力破岩试验,分析了HSCA径向膨胀压应力大小及其分布规律与水灰比的关系。分别从膨胀压应力分布特征、主裂纹定向控制方法与破岩时效性3个方面,论证了通过HSCA静力破岩实现金属矿山遗留矿柱安全低损回采的可行性。研究结果表明:当水灰比大于理论最优水灰比时,膨胀压应力随着水灰比的增大而减小。对于上向倾斜装药孔膨胀压应力沿孔底至孔口方向呈增大趋势,对于下向倾斜装药孔膨胀压应力则呈减小趋势。采用HSCA静力破岩对遗留矿柱进行回采,遗留矿柱主裂纹走向可通过对装药孔进行预切槽、增设诱导片或新增诱导孔等方式进行定向控制,进而有效降低非破岩区矿岩的再损伤。因此,对于不宜采用爆破破岩方式对遗留矿柱进行回采的区域,HSCA静力破岩不仅有利于保障遗留矿柱回采安全,而且可提高遗留矿柱回收率。研究成果可为进一步探索金属矿山遗留矿柱回采破岩新理论与新技术提供参考。展开更多
This paper probes the determination of the main gas-generation phase of marine organic mattes using the kinetic method. The main gas-generation phase of marine organic matters was determined by coupling the gas genera...This paper probes the determination of the main gas-generation phase of marine organic mattes using the kinetic method. The main gas-generation phase of marine organic matters was determined by coupling the gas generation yields and rates in geological history computed by the acquired kinetic parameters of typical marine organic matters （reservoir oil, residual bitumen, lowmaturity kerogen and residual kerogen） in both China and abroad and maturity by the EasyRo（%） method. Here, the main gas-generation phase was determined as Ro%=1.4%-2.4% for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.0% for low-maturity type Ⅱ kerogen, Ro%=1.4-2.8% for residual kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.2% for residual bitumen and Ro%=1.6-3.2% for reservoir oil cracking. The influences on the main gas-generation phase from the openness of the simulated system and the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation are also discussed. The results indicate that the openness of simulation system has a definite influence on computing the main gas-generation phase. The main gas-generation phase of type Ⅱ kerogen is Ro%=1.4-3.1% in an open system, which is earlier than that in a closed system. According to our results, the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation is determined as Ro=3.5 % for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro=4.4-4.5% for type Ⅱ kerogen and Ro=4.6% for marine oil. Preliminary applications are presented taking the southwestern Tarim Basin as an example.展开更多
文摘针对采用爆破破岩方式对金属矿山遗留矿柱进行回采存在安全性差与矿石损失率高的局限性,将具有无振动特征的高效静态破碎剂(High Range Static Cracking Agent,HSCA)引入遗留矿柱回采中。通过设计HSCA膨胀压应力测试试验与静力破岩试验,分析了HSCA径向膨胀压应力大小及其分布规律与水灰比的关系。分别从膨胀压应力分布特征、主裂纹定向控制方法与破岩时效性3个方面,论证了通过HSCA静力破岩实现金属矿山遗留矿柱安全低损回采的可行性。研究结果表明:当水灰比大于理论最优水灰比时,膨胀压应力随着水灰比的增大而减小。对于上向倾斜装药孔膨胀压应力沿孔底至孔口方向呈增大趋势,对于下向倾斜装药孔膨胀压应力则呈减小趋势。采用HSCA静力破岩对遗留矿柱进行回采,遗留矿柱主裂纹走向可通过对装药孔进行预切槽、增设诱导片或新增诱导孔等方式进行定向控制,进而有效降低非破岩区矿岩的再损伤。因此,对于不宜采用爆破破岩方式对遗留矿柱进行回采的区域,HSCA静力破岩不仅有利于保障遗留矿柱回采安全,而且可提高遗留矿柱回收率。研究成果可为进一步探索金属矿山遗留矿柱回采破岩新理论与新技术提供参考。
文摘This paper probes the determination of the main gas-generation phase of marine organic mattes using the kinetic method. The main gas-generation phase of marine organic matters was determined by coupling the gas generation yields and rates in geological history computed by the acquired kinetic parameters of typical marine organic matters （reservoir oil, residual bitumen, lowmaturity kerogen and residual kerogen） in both China and abroad and maturity by the EasyRo（%） method. Here, the main gas-generation phase was determined as Ro%=1.4%-2.4% for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.0% for low-maturity type Ⅱ kerogen, Ro%=1.4-2.8% for residual kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.2% for residual bitumen and Ro%=1.6-3.2% for reservoir oil cracking. The influences on the main gas-generation phase from the openness of the simulated system and the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation are also discussed. The results indicate that the openness of simulation system has a definite influence on computing the main gas-generation phase. The main gas-generation phase of type Ⅱ kerogen is Ro%=1.4-3.1% in an open system, which is earlier than that in a closed system. According to our results, the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation is determined as Ro=3.5 % for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro=4.4-4.5% for type Ⅱ kerogen and Ro=4.6% for marine oil. Preliminary applications are presented taking the southwestern Tarim Basin as an example.
