The Disinfection of Drinking Water in Trunk Water Mains

This study aimed to explore the disinfection of drinking water in trunk water mains, based on published conditions denoted within the Irish Republic. The variables within the study were consumer draw-off rates, trunk main length, pipe diameter, and water temperature. All these factors are known to impact the free chlorine residual in operational supply networks. Based on published conditions obtained within the literature review, 60 hypothetical trunk mains were generated for this study. Of primary concern were the variables that affect the chlorine decay rate;total amount of chlorine decay;available amount of chlorine in the periphery of the trunk main;and the costs associated with effective chlorine disinfection of trunk mains. Based on the analysis performed, the following were the salient observations: 1) Low consumer draw-off rates and increased trunk main length and diameter increased the risk of the free chlorine residual in the periphery of the trunk mains not complying with the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) minimum recommended residual value of 0.1 mg/l (EPA Drinking Water Audit Report, 2014). 2) Increasing the diameter of the trunk main from 125 mm to 180 mm had a negligible effect on the chlorine decay rate. However, increasing the trunk main diameter from 125 mm to 180 mm was shown to have a major impact on the total amount of chlorine decay and free chlorine residual available in the periphery of the main. The key parameters that affected disinfection costs associated with trunk mains include length, diameter and the need for chlorine boosting.

A Value Engineering Analysis of Head Loss in Pumping Mains

With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint of water utility providers. There is also the potential for significant energy and therefore financial savings to be realised from the adoption of more energy efficient designs approaches. Water utility providers account for a significant proportion of national electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to determine if, over the long term, opting for a larger diameter pipe at design stage can lead to significant financial and emissions savings for water utility providers when considering pumping mains. Pumping mains are widely used throughout the water and wastewater industry where a gravity solution is not possible. 72 hypothetical water main design scenarios were analysed and the long term financial and environmental impact of each hypothetical water main was assessed. It was found across all design scenarios that larger diameter water mains were capable of delivering the same rate of flow of smaller diameter pipes at a much reduced velocity and requiring reduced pumping power. It was concluded that pumped mains of larger diameters can ultimately be more energy efficient and cost effective over the long term when selected in favour of smaller diameter pumped mains in otherwise identical design scenarios.

HOLOMORPHIC SECTIONAL CURVATURES OF HOMOGENEOUS BOUNDED DOMAINS

It is known that homogeneous bounded domains are holomorphic isomorphic to N-Siegel domains, in order to compute the holomorphic sectional curvatures of the homogeneous bounded domains, one needs only to compute the holomorphic

On electro-acoustic characteristics of a marine broadband sparker for seismic exploration

The construction of major marine infrastructure projects and the exploration and development of deep-sea mineral resources require fine imaging of seabed strata and structures.The highresolution marine seismic exploration based on a high broadband sparker source is an important approach to reveal seabed stratum and reservoir structure,and identify geohazard.To optimize the performance of sparker seismic source,we investigated the electro-acoustic characteristics of spark discharge under conditions of different charging voltages and electrode numbers.Results show that the sound source level increased with the increase of the charging voltage,whereas the main frequency decreased when the charging voltage increases.In addition,it was found that the charging capacitance had more obvious influence on the main frequency than the sound source level did.Although the load energy decreased with increasing electrode number,the sound source level still increased but the main frequency decreased.Meanwhile,the primary to bubble(P/B)ratio increased with the increase of the electrode number.To gain a deeper insight into the electro-acoustic characteristics,we investigate the relationship between sound source level and power peak,from which a good correlation was observed.A more practical statistical analysis on the rise rate of current was processed,and a perfect logarithmic function was derived.Furthermore,we found that the main frequency was most possibly subjected to the electrical energy,especially the charging energy per electrode.The results indicate that the charging energy per electrode less than 10 J could increase the main frequency to above 300 Hz.At last,the main frequency could be reduced to 20 Hz when the charging energy of a single-electrode discharge was enhanced to over 4 kJ.This study shall be helpful in developing a sparker seismic source and improving the performance for marine engineering exploration and geohazard assessment.

The Path to Healthy Development for Chinese Art in the New Era

This topic is closely centered on exploring how Chinese fine arts can take the road to the healthy development of art,which is of great guiding significance.It is clear that the road of national art development is to carry forward the main theme,promote social justice,guide and infect people with correct public opinion,and better serve the people with excellent works.

智能媒介与视障者社会融合的实证分析

受身体功能障碍和社会无障碍环境的双重限制,在传统社会中曾区隔于主流社会之外的视障人群,能否借助人工智能和新媒体技术等媒介参与现代社会之中?基于对这一问题的思考,研究借助“使用与满足理论”的MAIN模型,对视障人群进行了问卷调查,检测了“形式”“主体”“互动”和“导航”四类需求维度下15个类目的满足指标与视障者在社会参与和社会关系层面的因果关系。其中,社会参与指视障者在现实社会环境中参与日常活动的情况,社交关系则是视障者在社会中能获得的支持、认同与尊重程度。回归数据显示,视障者对智能媒介工具类属性的使用对于他们的社会融合会产生正面影响,且对社会参与的影响大于其对社交关系的影响。然而,若综合考虑视障者的个人社会经济背景因素、对人工智能技术的依赖程度,智能媒介的使用与满足对个人社会经济背景相对不占优势的视障者影响更大,且受访者在社交关系上的影响大于其在社会参与层面的影响。这一研究结果表明智能媒介对视障人群是一把“双刃剑”。不同类型的技术可供性所激活的使用与满足体验对不同社会经济背景的视障者会产生不同程度的影响,且这种影响是因“需”而异的。智能媒介使用与满足下的一些工具性需求指标,如“形式”维度上的需求为用户提供了走进真实社会场景的沟通工具,成为视障者的“眼睛”。但是智能媒介在引领视障者“看见”新世界的同时,也为他们提供了进一步“逃离”主流社会的“避风港”。数据显示:对于社会经济背景相对不占优势的视障者,他们更倾向于利用智能媒介获得社交关系层面的支持与链接,参与到现实世界之中。这种数字化的包容并不是现实意义上的社会融合,若不能进一步突破他们的现实困境,技术赋能反而可能增加他们与主流社会进一步隔离与分化的风险。这个发现给新媒体技术究竟是为弱势群体增权赋能还是“技术乌托邦”的争论提供了实证案例,这或许是媒介与残障研究领域内的一次有意义的尝试。此外,这也是MAIN模式在不同群体中对不同媒介使用效应的实证检验。MAIN模式主要关注特定媒介的可供性在不同群体中能带来何种感知和影响,是传统使用与满足理论的现代转向。依据智能媒介和视障者的特点对MAIN模式下的测量指标进行调试,验证该模式下的工具性需求和非工具性需求对视障者社会融合的影响。这是对MAIN模式的思考与验证,也是对不同类型的技术可供性所激活的启发是如何导致不同用户群体对媒介功能的使用体验产生不同感和影响而进行的实证探讨。

城市居民智能手机使用与在线社会支持的关系考察

在线社会支持是人们应对线下社会交往中断、提升危机抵御能力的重要资源。考察居家隔离情境下智能手机与在线社会支持的关系,有助于重新定位智能媒介在媒介化加深与不确定性陡增的双重社会语境中的角色。借助将技术互动纳入考量的使用与满足理论“MAIN”模型,发现智能手机使用能为用户带来型式、主体、互动与导航四个维度的需求满足,但与在线社会支持呈现正、负效应并存的关系,而较高的城市认同水平与社区融入程度有助于提升在线社会支持。在对双重社会语境下的“连接悖论”进行反思的基础上,提出以关系性、动态性的视角理解“在线”与“连接”的关系,而非寻求标准化的在线社会支持提升模式。

Mechanism of gas pressure action during the initial failure of coal containing gas and its application for an outburst inoculation

Faced with the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outburst(hereinafter referred to as“outburst”)disasters,as a main controlling factor in the evolution process of an outburst,for gas pressure,it is still unclear about the phased characteristics of the coupling process with in situ stress,which induce coal damage and instability.Therefore,in the work based on the mining stress paths induced by typical outburst accidents,the gradual and sudden change of three-dimensional stress is taken as the background for the mechanical reconstruction of the disaster process.Then the true triaxial physical experiments are conducted on the damage and instability of coal containing gas under multiple stress paths.Finally,the response characterization between coal damage and gas pressure has been clarified,revealing the mechanism of action of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals.And the main controlling mechanism during the outburst process is elucidated in the coupling process of in situ stress with gas pressure.The results show that during the process of stress loading and unloading,the original gas pressure enters the processes of strengthening and weakening the action ability successively.And the strengthening effect continues to the period of large-scale destruction of coals.The mechanical process of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals can be divided into three stages:the enhancement of strengthening action ability,the decrease of strengthening action ability,and the weakening action ability.The entire process is implemented by changing the dominant action of in situ stress into the dominant action of gas pressure.The failure strength of coals is not only affected by its original mechanical strength,but also by the stress loading and unloading paths,showing a particularly significant effect.Three stages can be divided during outburst inoculation process.That is,firstly,the coals suffer from initial damage through the dominant action of in situ stress with synergy of gas pressure;secondly,the coals with spallation of structural division are generated through the dominant action of gas pressure with synergy of in situ stress,accompanied by further fragmentation;and finally,the fractured coals suffer from fragmentation and pulverization with the gas pressure action.Accordingly,the final broken coals are ejected out with the gas action,initiating an outburst.The research results can provide a new perspective for deepening the understanding of coal and gas outburst mechanism,laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of outburst prevention and control technologies.

New algorithm of shape-finding of suspension bridge with spatial cables

A new algorithm is proposed to solve the problems of shape-finding of suspension bridge with spatial cables what include tedious iteration,slow convergence speed and even no convergent under some circumstances.In this paper,the stress analysis of the main cable is carried out,and the relationship between the slope change and the coordinate change is found.This paper also discussed how to find the minimum slope point of symmetrical or asymmetric main cable,and the deformation compatibility equation is established and solved to obtain the shape of main cable.The algorithm in this paper can ensure the convergence of the solution for the suspension bridge with spatial cables.The calculation accuracy is high through the demonstration of the calculation examples.

Study of the geomagnetic field's regional gradients in Chinese continent using three-dimensional surface Spline model

We combined domestic ground-based and satellite magnetic measurements to create a regional three-dimensional surface Spline(3DSS)gradient model of the main geomagnetic field over the Chinese continent.To improve the precision of the model,we considered the data gap between the ground and satellite data.We compared and analyzed the results of the Taylor polynomial,surface Spline,and CHAOS-6(the CHAMP,?rsted and SAC-C model of Earth’s magnetic field)gradient models.Results showed that the gradients in the south-north and east-west directions of the four models were consistent.The 3DSS model was able to express not only gradients at different altitudes,but also average gradients inside the research area.The two Spline models were able to capture more information on gradient anomalies than were the fitted models.Strong local anomalies were observed in northern Xinjiang,Beijing,and the junction area between Jiangsu and Zhejiang,and the total intensity F decreased whereas the altitude increased.The gradient decreased by 21.69%in the south-north direction and increased by 11.78%in the east-west direction.In addition,the altitude gradient turned from negative to positive while the altitude increased.The Spline model and the two fitted models differed mainly in the field sources they expressed and the modeling theory.

A comparative study of the main factors controlling geohazards induced by 10 strong earthquakes in Western China since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008

Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response.By studying these factors,the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature,condition,and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed.Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning.The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine geohazards induced by seismic events,examining ten earthquakes including the Wenchuan,Yushu,Lushan events,to elucidate the main control factors of seismic geohazard.The authors observed that seismic geohazard occurrence is usually affected by many factors,among which active nature of the seismogenic fault,seismic peak ground acceleration(PGA),topographic slope and geomorphic height differences,and distance from the fault zone and river system are the most important.Compared with strike-slip earthquakes,thrust earthquakes induce more high-altitude and high-speed remote landslides,which can cause great harm.Slopes of 0°–40°are prone to secondary seismic geohazards,which are mainly concentrated 0–6 km from the river system.Secondary geohazards are not only related to seismogenic fault but also influenced by the associated faults in the earthquake area.The maximum seismic PGA and secondary seismic geohazard number are positively correlated,and the horizontal and vertical ground motions play leading and promoting roles in secondary geohazard formation,respectively.Through the research,the spatial distribution of seismic geohazards is predicted,providing a basis for the formulation of emergency response plans following disasters.

Family selection and evaluation of Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii(Mayr.)Pilger based on stem analysis data at multiple sites

Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii(Mayr.)Pilger is an important native tree species in North China with advantages of fast growth,straight trunk,and good wood properties.The multi-year and multi-site breeding research of families of the species has not been reported previously.Based on diameter at breast height(DBH),height and volume of 25 families on four experimental sites,we calculated variance components,genetic parameters,juvenile and mature trait correlations and made genotype main effect plus genotype×environment interaction effect(GGE)biplot based on the breeding values estimated using the method of best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP).Compared with height,DBH and volume had higher heritability and larger variation coefficients,making them the more suitable traits for family selection and evaluation.Based on these,GGE biplots containing 20 combinations of site×age were drawn using data at 13 to 17 years when the interactions between family and location were strong.Test sites classifications based on DBH,and volume were inconsistent,with two categories for DBH and one for volume.The Guyuan site was the most suitable with strong discriminating ability,high representativeness and stability among tree ages.Integrating the ranking results of DBH and volume,families 66,76,82 and 111 were high-yielding and stable,families 78 and96 were high-yielding with above average stability,families72 and 79 were high-yielding with below average stability,whereas stability of family 100 was inconsistent between DBH and volume.Early selection based on DBH was convenient and reliable,and can be made at seven years.This study provides support for the selection of Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii families in Hebei province and an example for the application of stem analysis data from multiple sites in tree breeding.

“Treat-Repair-Treat”:Management of Left Main Coronary Compression by a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Significant Pulmonary Hypertension

Left main coronary compression syndrome(LMCS)may complicate pulmonary artery aneurysms(PAA),usually developed in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient with an atrial septal defect(unsuitable for device closure)complicated by a PAA generating a 90%left main stenosis.The significant PAH held us back from immediate surgery.After specific dual PAH-targeted therapy(sildenafil and bosentan),the atrial septal defect could be closed with a unidirectional valved patch;the PAAinduced LMCS was treated by reductive arterioplasty.The postoperative course was uneventful.Follow-up showed clinical improvement,but PAH treatment was still needed.After three months,coronary angiography showed only an insignificant residual left main stenosis,proving that reductive pulmonary arterioplasty was effective in treating LMCS.Any PAA requires further evaluation for LMCS,a dangerous but treatable complication.The“treat-repair-treat”strategy and shunt-closure with a unidirectional valved patch can both improve surgical prospects of LMCS with shunt-related PAH.

Mediastinal lesions in children

The mediastinum is where thoracic lesions most frequently occur in young patients.The histological spectrum of diseases caused by the presence of several organs in the mediastinum is broad.Congenital lesions,infections,benign and malignant lesions,and vascular diseases are examples of lesions.Care should be taken to make the proper diagnosis at the time of diagnosis in order to initiate therapy promptly.Our task is currently made simpler by radiological imaging techniques.

Real-Time Memory Data Optimization Mechanism of Edge IoT Agent

With the full development of disk-resident databases(DRDB)in recent years,it is widely used in business and transactional applications.In long-term use,some problems of disk databases are gradually exposed.For applications with high real-time requirements,the performance of using disk database is not satisfactory.In the context of the booming development of the Internet of things,domestic real-time databases have also gradually developed.Still,most of them only support the storage,processing,and analysis of data values with fewer data types,which can not fully meet the current industrial process control system data types,complex sources,fast update speed,and other needs.Facing the business needs of efficient data collection and storage of the Internet of things,this paper optimizes the transaction processing efficiency and data storage performance of the memory database,constructs a lightweight real-time memory database transaction processing and data storage model,realizes a lightweight real-time memory database transaction processing and data storage model,and improves the reliability and efficiency of the database.Through simulation,we proved that the cache hit rate of the cache replacement algorithm proposed in this paper is higher than the traditional LRU(Least Recently Used)algorithm.Using the cache replacement algorithm proposed in this paper can improve the performance of the system cache.

Water System Condition and Asset Replacement Prioritization

The goal of asset management is to identify and track the maintenance and replacement of assets that have reached their useful life. For that reason, gathering data and collecting information is a critical step when developing an asset management plan. Such data gathering includes physical and operational properties of the assets as well as collecting and tracking important events during the lifespan of the asset (i.e., pipe breaks, replacement year, maintenance performed, etc.). Critical factors in the asset management plan may be overlooked when there is no data or poor quality data. However, many utilities lack the resources for examining buried infrastructure and lack good quality work order data, so other methods of data collection are needed. The concept for this paper was to develop a means to acquire data on the assets for a condition assessment to identify pipes that were most likely to break and those with the highest consequences for same. Three utilities were used as examples. It was found that for buried infrastructure, much more information was known than anticipated but the actual predictions relied on only a few factors related to pipe type. However, there is a need to track the consequences, in this case breaks, which would indicate a failure. The latter would be useful for predicting future maintenance needs and the most at-risk assets, but is often missing in utility systems as many utilities do not adequately track breaks sufficiently. In this case two utilities were analyzed and predication on a third was developed.

Research Progress of Action Mechanism of Mongolian Medicine Hatageqi-7 in the Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer

Based on Mongolian medical theory and modern pharmacology,literature on the main components and action mechanism of Hatageqi-7 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer is collected,sorted and summarized.The research hopes to provide certain basis for its clinical efficacy from theory.

High-quality Development Evaluation System of Water Parks

Based on the connotation of high-quality development of water parks,this study established an evaluation system from distinctive water conservancy characteristics,excellent ecological environment,strong cultural atmosphere,strong development momentum,safe and efficient management,and significant comprehensive benefits,including 23 main contents and 52 evaluation indicators.Delphi method was used to score,and the evaluation results were divided into 3 levels,thus forming the evaluation system of high-quality development of water parks.This evaluation system has been preliminarily applied to the collection and selection of typical cases of the first national high-quality development of water parks.A total of 30 typical cases of high-quality development of water parks in China were collected and selected,and the first batch of 10 benchmark scenic spots were announced for key recommendation,and considerable application results have been achieved.

Future of the current anticoronaviral agents: A viewpoint on thevalidation for the next COVIDs and pandemics

Despite the global decline in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, the disease stillrepresents a major concern to the relevant scientific and medical communities. The primary concern of drug scientists,virologists, and other concerned specialists in this respect is to find ready-to-use suitable and potent anticoronaviraltherapies that are broadly effective against the different species/strains of the coronaviruses in general, not only againstthe current and previous coronaviruses (e.g., the recently-appeared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“SARS-CoV-2”), i.e., effective antiviral agents for treatment and/or prophylaxis of any coronaviral infections, includingthose of the coming ones from the next species and strains (if any). As an expert in this field, I tried, in this up-to-dateperspective “viewpoint” article, to evaluate the suitability and applicability of using the currently-availableanticoronaviral agents for the next coronavirus diseases (COVIDs) and coronaviral pandemics, highlighting the mostimportant general guidelines that should be considered in the next pandemics from the therapeutic points of view.

In Silico Evaluation of the Potential Interference of Boceprevir, Calpain Inhibitor II, Calpain Inhibitor XII, and GC376 in the Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Human Nanobody Nb20

Virtual screening can be a helpful approach to propose treatments for COVID-19 by developing inhibitors for blocking the attachment of the virus to human cells. This study uses molecular docking, recovery time and dynamics to analyze if potential inhibitors of main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 can interfere in the attachment of nanobodies, specifically Nb20, in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. The potential inhibitors are four compounds previously identified in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based enzymatic assay for the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: Boceprevir, Calpain Inhibitor II, Calpain Inhibitor XII, and GC376. The findings reveal that Boceprevir has the higher affinity with the RBD/Nb20 complex, followed by Calpain Inhibitor XII, GC376 and Calpain Inhibitor II. The recovery time indicates that the RBD/Nb20 complex needs a relatively short time to return to what it was before the presence of the ligands. For the RMSD the Boceprevir and Calpain Inhibitor II have the shortest interaction times, while Calpain Inhibitor XII shows slightly more interaction, but with significant pose fluctuations. On the other hand, GC376 remains stably bound for a longer duration compared to the other compounds, suggesting that they can potentially interfere with the neutralization process of Nb20.