Apolipoprotein E elicits targetdirected miRNA degradation to maintain neuronal integrity

Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous system.There are three predominant human ApoE protein isoforms with cysteine and arginine substitutions at amino acid positions 112 and 158 that impact their lipidation and related functions(Flowers and Rebeck,2020).ApoE2 is characterized by Cys112 and Cys158,ApoE3 by Cys112 and Arg158,whereas ApoE4 contains Arg112 and Arg158.

Projecting Wintertime Newly Formed Arctic Sea Ice through Weighting CMIP6 Model Performance and Independence

Precipitous Arctic sea-ice decline and the corresponding increase in Arctic open-water areas in summer months give more space for sea-ice growth in the subsequent cold seasons. Compared to the decline of the entire Arctic multiyear sea ice,changes in newly formed sea ice indicate more thermodynamic and dynamic information on Arctic atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction and northern mid–high latitude atmospheric teleconnections. Here, we use a large multimodel ensemble from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) to investigate future changes in wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice. The commonly used model-democracy approach that gives equal weight to each model essentially assumes that all models are independent and equally plausible, which contradicts with the fact that there are large interdependencies in the ensemble and discrepancies in models' performances in reproducing observations. Therefore, instead of using the arithmetic mean of well-performing models or all available models for projections like in previous studies, we employ a newly developed model weighting scheme that weights all models in the ensemble with consideration of their performance and independence to provide more reliable projections. Model democracy leads to evident bias and large intermodel spread in CMIP6 projections of newly formed Arctic sea ice. However, we show that both the bias and the intermodel spread can be effectively reduced by the weighting scheme. Projections from the weighted models indicate that wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice is likely to increase dramatically until the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario.Thereafter, it may decrease(or remain stable) if the Arctic warming crosses a threshold(or is extensively constrained).

Maintaining Resilience of Agricultural Supply Chain: International Cooperation is a Must

“Inf luenced by the slow recover y of the globa l economy,the continual impact of El Niño,growing local conflicts,the prevalence of trade protectionism and other factors,this year,the global supply and demand for agricultural products and trade is under pressure,and the world’s food security has been a serious challenge.Therefore,it is of great and far-reaching significance for all countries in the world to further develop international cooperation in agriculture from a strategic height,in order to maintain the resilience of the international supply chain of agriculture,and to promote mutual benefits and the common development of all parties.”Yu Jianlong,Vice President of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)and Vice President of the China Chamber of International Commerce(CCIC),said at the 2024 China Agricultural Conference for International Economic and Trade Cooperation.

Independence Polynomials and the Merrifield-Simmons Index of Mono-Layer Cylindrical Grid Graphs

Research on the independence polynomial of graphs has been very active.However,the computational complexity of determining independence polynomials for general graphs remains NP-hard.Letα(G)be the independence number of G and i(G;k)be the number of independent sets of order k in G,then the independence polynomial is defined as I(G;x)=∑_(k=0)^(α(G))i(G;k)x^(k),i(G;0)=1.In this paper,by utilizing the transfer matrix,we obtain an analytical expression for I(CGn;x)of mono-cylindrical grid graphs CGn and present a crucial proof of it.Moreover,we also explore the Merrifield-Simmons index and other properties of CGn.

Modern Development and Maintaining Self-Developing Identity

Two recent trips to cities in China got me thinking a lot about China’s development and efforts to maintain its identity.While China is developing with strong momentum in every sector,it has succeeded at preserving and upholding its ancient traditions and customs.These trips showed me a country not only keen on technological and infrastructural advancement but also deeply committed to cultural preservation and promotion.In every corner of these cities,I witnessed a harmonious blend of the old and new,a testament to China’s dedication to maintaining its cultural heritage while embracing modernity.

The Path to Growth and Maturity for Young Students: Embracing Independence and Self- Reliance

Young students are the future of our country and the hope of our nation.The healthy growth of young students must rely on independence and self-reliance.From the perspectives of family,society,and school,this article explores the cultivation of young students’spirit of independence and self-reliance,which should be grasped from three aspects:recognizing the situation,identifying the reasons,and taking effective measures.

在创新经典诠释中建构中国伦理学自主知识体系

伦理学经典著作触及到道德伦理问题的核心,具有理论研究价值和实践关怀意义。建构中国伦理学自主知识体系,需要从马克思主义伦理学经典诠释的实践指向、中国传统伦理经典诠释的现代面向、西方伦理经典诠释的中国语境、中国应用伦理学范式更新的道德实践根基四个方面对伦理学经典著作进行创新诠释。在诠释中,需要立足中国特色社会主义伦理实践,弘扬与时俱进的诠释传统,详尽把握各类材料,摒除狭隘民粹主义、历史虚无主义等前见偏见,对各种伦理思想去芜存菁,弘雅夷远,由此提取出有中国特色的标识性概念,以融合人类优秀文明成果。在伦理学经典“本真理解”与“现代诠释”的“视域融合”中,真正建构起守正创新的中国伦理学自主知识体系。

试论服务我国人文社科自主知识体系构建的人文社科名词审定工作

服务人文社科自主知识体系构建的人文社科名词审定工作,应在理论上和实践上进行创新。理论创新包括基础理论创新和应用理论创新。在基础理论创新方面,从“自主”角度划分了名词术语类型,并以此为工具,分析人文社科名词审定工作及其和构建自主知识体系的关系。应用理论创新方面包括收词原则创新、定名原则创新、定义原则创新。实践创新是指创新审定、发布方式和引入人工智能。

构建股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定失效的风险预测模型

背景:股骨转子间骨折是主要的老年脆性骨折类型,股骨近端防旋髓内钉是首选手术方案,但术后内固定失效的相关因素尚存在争议。目的:通过术前评估患者影像学资料提出一种新的股骨转子间骨折“三柱”分类法,并分析其与术后内固定失效的交互关系,利用数字技术运算开发和验证风险预测模型,便于临床医生术前甄别并干预高风险患者。方法:选择2012年6月和2022年6月佛山市中医院三水医院收治的股骨转子间骨折患者,按照术后是否出现内固定失效结局,分为内固定失效组和内固定维持组。根据患者术前X射线片将股骨近端分为“三柱”:内侧柱、外侧柱及中柱,每柱均有不同的亚组分型。分析“三柱”的形态特征与股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术后复位失效的关系,通过先单因素后多因素logistics回归分析,筛选出引起内固定失效的独立风险因素,根据独立风险因素利用R语言软件构建风险预测模型。采用自助法重抽样1000次,使用受试者工作特征曲线下的面积、校准曲线、临床决策曲线评价模型的区分度、校准能力及临床应用价值。通过Youden指数确定预测模型的最佳风险分界值,据此将患者分为高、低风险组,根据模型风险预测能力的准确度来评价其稳定性和外延性。结果与结论:①利用“三柱”分型系统预测骨折术后内固定失效的4个独立风险因素,分别为内侧柱(小转子及股骨距粉碎性骨折)[优势比=5.385,95%CI(1.961,14.782),P=0.001]、中间柱(烟囱型)[优势比=2.893,95%CI(1.167,7.173),P=0.022]、外侧柱(外侧壁厚度<20.5 mm)[优势比=2.804,95%CI(1.078,7.297),P=0.035]及外侧柱(外侧壁骨折)[优势比=4.278,95%CI(1.670,10.959),P=0.012];②构建的风险预测模型表现出良好的区分度和准确度[受试者工作特征曲线下面积=0.852,95%CI(0.837,0.922)],校准曲线显示模型预测风险和实际发生风险有较好的一致性;③临床决策曲线提示风险阈值概率在0.2-0.82范围内时,模型具有较好的临床适用性;风险概率为28%是模型风险分层的最佳阈值,模型在不同风险组别患者的预测性能较好;④此次研究通过“三柱”分型系统构建预测模型计算股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定失效的风险概率,此方法准确、简便,易于临床应用,可作为一种数字化工具指导临床个性化治疗。

Research on Maintainability Evaluation Model Based on Fuzzy Theory

Maintainability influencing attributes are analyzed, their weight and value calculating methods are given, and the maintainability fuzzy evaluation method is proposed based on the relative closeness. According to the maintenance task simulation operated in virtual environment, the maintainability virtual evaluation model is built by analyzing the maintenance task for each replaceable unit of product. At last, a case study is given based upon the main landing gear system of a certain type civil aircraft, and the result indicates that the model is suitable for maintainability qualitative evaluation and can support maintainability concurrent design.

Calcium-sensitive protein MLC1 as a possible modulator of the astrocyte functional state

Astrocytes,the main population of glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS),exert essential tasks for the control of brain tissue homeostasis,supporting neuron and other glial cell activity from the developmental stage to adult life.To maintain the optimal functionality of the brain,astroglial cells are particularly committed to reacting to every change in tissue homeostatic conditions,from mild modifications of the physiological environment,a process called astrocyte activation,to the more severe alterations occurring in pathological situations causing astrocyte reactivity or reactive astrogliosis(Escartin et al.,2021).During these reactive states,astrocytes mount an active,progressive response encompassing morphological,molecular,and interactional remodeling,leading to the acquisition of new functions and the loss of others,whose intensity,duration,and reversibility are dependent on the nature of the stimulus and regulated in a context-specific manner.

Meta-analysis of potentially confounding effect of class size on associations between object-oriented metrics and maintainability

This paper uses three size metrics,which are collectable during the design phase,to analyze the potentially confounding effect of class size on the associations between object-oriented（OO）metrics and maintainability.To draw as many general conclusions as possible,the confounding effect of class size is analyzed on 127 C＋＋ systems and 113 Java systems.For each OO metric,the indirect effect that represents the distortion of the association caused by class size and its variance for individual systems is first computed.Then,a statistical meta-analysis technique is used to compute the average indirect effect over all the systems and to determine if it is significantly different from zero.The experimental results show that the confounding effects of class size on the associations between OO metrics and maintainability generally exist,regardless of whatever size metric is used.Therefore,empirical studies validating OO metrics on maintainability should consider class size as a confounding variable.

Quasi-χ~2 Distribution and the Independence of Wishart Distribution

In this paper, the authors generalize the definition of χ 2 distribution and introduce a quasi χ 2 distribution, and then prove several properties of it, find the necessary and sufficient conditions of independence about multivariate normal distributions, matrix normal distributions and two parts of the Wishart distribution.

Independence Test of Wheat Head Blight Infection

The relationship between wheat varieties and occurrence of head blight was discussed, the independence test was carried out by using contingency table.

The Stage Set for 2025

As 2024 comes to an end,the pickup in consumption and robust growth in a range of sectors have bolstered confidence that the Chinese economy is right on track to meet the preset growth rate of around five percent.Benefiting from a flurry of consumption-stimulating policies and measures,China’s online retail sales surpassed RMB 14 trillion in the January-November period,a year-on-year increase of 7.4 percent.Imports and exports maintained steady growth,climbing by 4.9 percent year-on-year in renminbi terms.Value-added industrial output also expanded 5.8 percent year-on-year.The volume of express delivery parcels reached a new high of 150 billion and is expected to grow higher still given the new-year festivities ahead.

Resting-state brain network remodeling after different nerve reconstruction surgeries:a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in brachial plexus injury rats

Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.

基于概要数据结构的网络微突发流量检测方法

网络微突发流量是数据中心网络中常见的流量类型,其在极短的时间内迅速增长,对网络性能造成严重影响,且难以检测。目前的测量方法无法兼顾细粒度检测和低资源开销传输,文中基于概要数据结构(sketch)设计了一种轻量级细粒度的网络微突发流量测量方法。首先基于可编程交换机的架构特性,实时测量数据报文的排队时延,设计检测算法,监测微突发流量,实现基于数据报文的细粒度检测;然后根据检测结果采集微突发流,采用sketch存储微突发流信息,利用镜像传输方式在时间片或微突发流结束后向控制器传送,实现轻量级传输。测量方法基于可编程协议无关报文处理语言,在P4可编程交换机上进行了相应的系统实现,能够实时检测和展示网络微突发流量。实验结果表明该方法能够实时细粒度检测网络微突发流量,显著降低传输微突发信息的带宽开销。

Forging Partners in Development

China-Africa relations maintained their upward trajectory in 2024,with new plans for future cooperation taking shape.Chinese President Xi Jinping described the China-Africa partnership as being at its best in history.The Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC),held in September 2024,elevated bilateral ties between China and African countries with diplomatic relations with China to a strategic level.It also redefined China-Africa relations as an“all-weather China-Africa community with a shared future for the new era.”This signifies that China and Africa will remain steadfast friends and close development partners,regardless of changes in the international landscape.

The Use of Field Dependence/Independence in Language Acquisition

Field dependence/independence in Language Acquisition are discussed by many language learners.In this article,we will mainly focus on talking about the cognitive style,including the concept of Field-dependence/independence,their character istics and differences and functions in language acquisition.

浅谈如何写出整洁的Python代码

很多人在编写Python代码时,只注重相关功能的实现,并不关心代码的整洁性。当软件的代码量达到一定规模后,不少开发者感到代码越来越混乱、越来越难以维护。学习Python语言,不能只关注语法规则的掌握。通过代码示例,文章阐述了与提高软件代码整洁性相关的几个方面内容:写代码时,要注意可读性;要撰写功能单一且功能清晰的函数;应充分利用装饰器、生成器和迭代器等Python独有的特性,写出高效的代码;应了解并经常使用Python软件质量保证工具Unittest、Pytest、Pylint和Flake8等测试和扫描代码。