Natural decline in various mainstream oilfield reserves and the high investment capital in upstream exploration and project development have promoted attention towards smaller oilfields referred to as Marginal fields....Natural decline in various mainstream oilfield reserves and the high investment capital in upstream exploration and project development have promoted attention towards smaller oilfields referred to as Marginal fields. This provides operators the opportunity to commence exploration and production with minimum requirements of design, installation, and operations. Although the low Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) requirement favors the start-up of marginal oilfield operations, several operators are not able to sustain the field’s operations due to the high Operational Expenditure (OPEX), particularly arising from facilities’ maintenance. The aim of this paper is to review the maintenance strategies adopted in marginal oilfields, assess their effectiveness, and provide a pointer towards efficient and viable maintenance strategies for the sustainability of marginal oilfields. The study showed that time-based preventive maintenance is predominant in the oil industry, which constitutes up to 40% of net operational expenses. In other cases, reactive maintenance is adopted, which often results in an unplanned shutdown, known to be responsible for nearly half of the overall losses of an oil facility. A paradigm shift in maintenance to Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) was explored for marginal oilfield, with a comprehensive review of various maintenance strategies, ranging from maintenance optimization strategies, Heuristics and Metaheuristics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data Mining techniques. It was observed that the application of AI best addresses the proposed RCM for marginal oilfields. This was drawn from the recorded limitations of the other concepts from verifiable similar works, where different AI techniques and Data analytics methods have been successfully applied to aid RCM.展开更多
Objective To understand the quality of life(QOL)and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients(hemodialysis maintenance,MHD),and to provide theoretical basis for improving QOL of patients.Methods A c...Objective To understand the quality of life(QOL)and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients(hemodialysis maintenance,MHD),and to provide theoretical basis for improving QOL of patients.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood purification centre in 8 hospitals in Hefei,and patients’clinical data were collected.KDQOL-SF self-ad-展开更多
Functional inspection is a type of preventive maintenance of Reliability Centered Maintenance （ RCM）. We, in this paper, establish a functional inspection model（ FIM） the cost model and the availability model for ...Functional inspection is a type of preventive maintenance of Reliability Centered Maintenance （ RCM）. We, in this paper, establish a functional inspection model（ FIM） the cost model and the availability model for the immeasurable potential failure state based on the delay time concept. This model can be used to determine the appropriate Functional Inspection Interval（FII） to achieve the goal of specific cost and availability and to assist in maintenance decision making.展开更多
Wuyuan Bay marina is the rising star as a yachting sports and leisure center in Xiamen City, southeast China’s Fujian Province. China (Xiamen) International Boat Show 2011 was held between
文摘Natural decline in various mainstream oilfield reserves and the high investment capital in upstream exploration and project development have promoted attention towards smaller oilfields referred to as Marginal fields. This provides operators the opportunity to commence exploration and production with minimum requirements of design, installation, and operations. Although the low Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) requirement favors the start-up of marginal oilfield operations, several operators are not able to sustain the field’s operations due to the high Operational Expenditure (OPEX), particularly arising from facilities’ maintenance. The aim of this paper is to review the maintenance strategies adopted in marginal oilfields, assess their effectiveness, and provide a pointer towards efficient and viable maintenance strategies for the sustainability of marginal oilfields. The study showed that time-based preventive maintenance is predominant in the oil industry, which constitutes up to 40% of net operational expenses. In other cases, reactive maintenance is adopted, which often results in an unplanned shutdown, known to be responsible for nearly half of the overall losses of an oil facility. A paradigm shift in maintenance to Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) was explored for marginal oilfield, with a comprehensive review of various maintenance strategies, ranging from maintenance optimization strategies, Heuristics and Metaheuristics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data Mining techniques. It was observed that the application of AI best addresses the proposed RCM for marginal oilfields. This was drawn from the recorded limitations of the other concepts from verifiable similar works, where different AI techniques and Data analytics methods have been successfully applied to aid RCM.
文摘Objective To understand the quality of life(QOL)and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients(hemodialysis maintenance,MHD),and to provide theoretical basis for improving QOL of patients.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood purification centre in 8 hospitals in Hefei,and patients’clinical data were collected.KDQOL-SF self-ad-
基金the National Equipment Advanced Research Foundation under Grant No.9140A04050707JW0507
文摘Functional inspection is a type of preventive maintenance of Reliability Centered Maintenance （ RCM）. We, in this paper, establish a functional inspection model（ FIM） the cost model and the availability model for the immeasurable potential failure state based on the delay time concept. This model can be used to determine the appropriate Functional Inspection Interval（FII） to achieve the goal of specific cost and availability and to assist in maintenance decision making.
文摘Wuyuan Bay marina is the rising star as a yachting sports and leisure center in Xiamen City, southeast China’s Fujian Province. China (Xiamen) International Boat Show 2011 was held between
