Analysis on Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters of Main Agronomic Characters of 22 Maize Inbred Lines

The general combining ability（GCA）, special combining ability（SCA） and genetic parameter of ten characters of 22 maize inbred lines including plant height and ear height were analyzed using 10×12 through incomplete diallel cross（NC Ⅱ）.The results showed that：（1） Among the 22 maize inbred lines, the yield GCAs of11 HN 097, 11 HN 099, 11 HN 105 and 11 HN 110 were high, which were elite inbred lines to collocate hybridized combinations with strong heterosis. The yield of11 HN110 × 11 HN097, 11 HN110 × 11 HN105, 11 HN112 × 11 HN 097 and 11 HN 106 × 11 HN 104 were in the first four place. The yielding abilities, adaptabilities and yielding stabilities of the four combinations can be further identified by experiment. The heredities of the ten characters were mainly controlled by additive gene effect whereas the influence of non-addictive gene effect was small. The narrow heritabilities of plant height, ear height, ear rows, ear length, kernels per row,100-grain weight and seed-producing percentage were more than 50%. The variances were mainly caused by heredity and early-generation selection should be conducted. The narrow heritabilities of ear diameter, bare tip length and yield was low, which should not be selected in early-generation.

Combining Ability and Correlation of Ear Characteristics of Twenty Maize Inbred Lines

The combining ability and correlation of eight ear characteristics in 99 maize hybrids generated by crossing nine female parents with 11 male parents were analyzed by incomplete diallel cross （NC II ） design. The results showed that the line F6 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） for yield, followed by F7, M3, M4 and M8. All of the five lines have great potential in maize breeding. The cross combination M3xF10 had the highest specific combining ability （SCA） for yield, showing strong heterosis. Heritability analysis of ear characteristics showed that GCA variance was higher than SCA variance in ear diameter, number of rows per ear and seed rate, and they were mainly controlled by the additive gene effect, indicating that that the selections for these traits are effective at early generations. The other three traits had lower SCA, for which the selections should be carried out at late generations. The correlation analysis revealed that ear length, number of grains per row, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, 100-seed weight and seed rate had extremely significant positive correlations with grain yield per plant. Among them, number of grains per row had the most significant effect on yield per plant. Barren tip length had a significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Therefore, we concluded that the combinations with more grains per row and shorter barren tip should be selected to achieve high yield of maize.

Combining Ability Analysis of Panicle Traits in Six CIMMYT Maize Inbred Lines

In this study, six CIMMYT maize inbred lines and five representative do- mestic maize inbred lines were used as parental lines. By using incomplete diallel cross design, 30 hybrid combinations were developed to analyze the general com- bining ability （GCA）, specific combining ability （SCA） and total combining ability （TCA） of seven panicle traits in six CIMMYT maize inbred lines. The results showed that CIMBL98 and GEMS13 were excellent inbred lines with good compre- hensive performance; CIMBL98 × 340 and GEMS13×Chang 7-2 were superior combinations.

Conversion of the Statistical Combining Ability into a Genetic Concept

Since the combining ability was proposed in 1942, efforts to uncover the genetic basis underlying this phenomenon have been ongoing for nearly 70 yr, with little success. Some breeding strategies based on evaluation of combining ability have been produced, and are still extensively used in hybrid breeding. In this review, the genetic basis underlying these breeding strategies is discussed, and a potential genetic control of general combining ability （GCA） is postulated. We suggested that GCA and the yields of inbred lines might be genetically controlled by different sets of loci on the maize genome that are transmitted into offspring. Different inbred lines might possess different favorable alleles for GCA. In hybrids, loci involved in multiple pathways, which are directly or indirectly associated with yield performance, might be regulated by GCA loci. In addition, a case of GCA mapping using a set of testcross progeny from introgression lines is provided.

Identification of Potential F₁Hybrids in Maize Responsive to Water Deficient Condition

The assessment of heterotic F1 combinations is a basic requisite for hybrid seed development. A set of 30 F1 hybrids along with their parental inbred lines were evaluated under both normal and water deficit conditions for various physiological and agronomic traits. Highly significant mean squares due to general combining ability, specific combining ability and reciprocal effect were observed for all traits under both water regimes. Components of variation exhibited greater estimates for GCA variance (б2g) than SCA variance (б2s) for majority of the traits under both normal and stress conditions depicting the predominant role of additive genetic component. Inbred lines NCIL-20-20, D-157 and OH-8 were found to be the best general combiner on the basis of performance regarding grain yield per plant under water deficit condition. The F1 combinations namely, NCIL-20-20 × D-109, NCIL-20-20 × OH-8 and D-157 × NCIL-20-20 were out-performers based on yield and yield attributes under water deficit conditions. On the basis of our results, we recommend these hybrids for further exploitation to assess their potential for commercial cultivation under water deficit condition.

玉米自交系配合力分析及育种潜力评价

以最新选育的20个玉米自交系为被测系,以5个分别来自Suwan、Reid和非Reid三个杂种优势类群的自交系为测验种,采用NC-Ⅱ遗传交配设计,共配制100个杂交组合,在云南省宣威市、嵩明县2个不同生态条件下进行田间鉴定,分析研究新选自交系的配合力。结果表明,YML12、YML11、YML20、YML05、YML07为综合性状配合力比较优良的自交系,较易组配出优良杂交组合,具有较高的育种利用潜力。杂交组合YML05×T1、YML12×T1、YML07×T1具有较高的产量对照优势,可进一步研究其丰产性、稳产性和适应性。采用单倍体诱导育种选系时先自交1~2代再诱导,可淘汰一些不利基因,有利于获得更多的优良DH系,但不同育种材料间差异较大。

20份玉米自交系主要性状配合力及杂种优势分析

为筛选优良玉米自交系和杂交组合,用20个玉米自交系按照12×8 NCII遗传交配设计配制96个组合,对单株产量等11个主要性状的配合力、遗传力和杂种优势进行分析。结果表明,自交系B4、A2、A5、B7、A3和B2的单株产量一般配合力效应值较高,组合A11×B2的单株产量特殊配合力效应值最高,有8个杂交组合的单株产量对照优势超过15%,分别为A9×B4、A11×B2、A2×B6、A3×B7、A10×B4、A5×B7、A2×B4、A6×B1,可进一步鉴定;遗传力分析表明,株高、雄穗主轴长、穗位高、雄穗分枝数、籽粒含水量、穗粗、穗行数、秃尖长8个性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可在早代选择。穗长、行粒数、单株产量3个性状的广义遗传力较高,但狭义遗传力较低,适合在晚代选择;组合F 1的表型值与亲本的一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力均呈极显著正相关,配合力贡献率因性状而异;组合的单株产量杂种优势与亲本的一般配合力、组合的特殊配合力均呈极显著正相关,且组合的特殊配合力对杂种优势的贡献更大;亲本一般配合力与组合特殊配合力之间几乎没有相关性。

CIMMYT玉米自交系青贮品质的主要性状配合力分析

本研究以从CIMMYT引进的高蛋白玉米自交系为试验材料(10份待测系和4份测验种),采用NCⅡ设计的方法产生40个杂交组合,并测定与分析5个青贮品质性状(生物产量、干物质、粗蛋白、淀粉、中性洗涤纤维)及其配合力。结果表明:(1)5个青贮品质性状在地点和杂交组合间的差异均达极显著水平,试验基因型间存在显著遗传差异;(2)生物产量的一般配合力GCA效应值最高的自交系是C3,其次是C6,C1最低;(3)生物产量的特殊配合力SCA效应值为正值的有C6T4、C1T2、C8T2、C10T1、C5T4和C7T1等24个组合,其中效应最高的是C6T4,其次是C1T2和C8T2;(4)在所有杂交组合中,C3T1的平均生物产量最高,C3T2和C6T4次之,这3个组合可作为潜势组合进一步试验。青贮玉米育种中自交系配合力测定与分析时除考虑生物产量性状外,还需同时考虑干物质、粗蛋白、淀粉含量等其他性状,使育成品种的实际生产利用效率更高。

25个玉米自交系配合力分析

以优良的自交系配成杂交种作为基础材料,并导入热带或温带材料进行选择多次二环系选育,用优良自交系配成杂交组合,从中自交选出新系,按Griffing(1956)方法4组配25×25完全双列杂交得到300个杂交组合,于2016年春进行一年3点的试验,分别在贵州省贵阳市三县区进行随机区组试验。结果表明,25个自交系一般配合力(GCA)为正值的有13个自交系,最高为QET(40.19),其余自交系(GCA)为负值,其中107 C 171(-39.05)为最低,组合特殊配合力(SCA)LSJ 107×DK 171(171.99)最高,组合LSJ 106×LSJ 107(-286.14)最低。组合LSJ 107×DK 171产量最高,为660.82 kg/667 m^(2),组合LSJ 106×LSJ 107产量最低,为212.7 kg/667 m^(2)。从中筛选出的自交系配制的杂交组合黔单26、黔单27已审定。

玉米主要抗旱性状的配合力及遗传参数分析 Ⅱ.植株性状

按Griffing双列杂交(Ⅳ)方法,分析了8个玉米自交系的株高、穗位高、叶片数、雄穗分枝数、茎粗和单株叶面积等与抗旱性相关的植株性状在雨养地和水分胁迫下的GCA、SCA及遗传变量。结果表明:6个植株性状主要受加性基因效应控制,非加性基因效应作用较小。6221、6270、5003、8902表现较好,有一定的利用价值。6221×8902、6221×5003、8902×330等10个组合表现出了较合理的抗旱植株性状。

10个玉米自交系穗部性状的配合力分析

采用5×5不完全双列杂交设计,对10个玉米自交系的单株产量等7个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力进行了分析。结果表明:交51、7922、丹340、自330有较高的一般配合力,黄早四×7922、自330×木4、Mo17×5331、丹340×095、32×7922、自330×交51和丹340×交51有较高的特殊配合力。在所有杂交组合中,丹340×交51的产量最高,丹340×095、自330×交51的产量次之,这3个组合可作为潜势组合进一步试验。在选择性状时,玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和单株产量宜早代选择,行粒数、出籽率、百粒重宜晚代选择。

玉米主要抗旱性状的配合力及遗传参数分析 Ⅰ.产量性状

按Griffing双列杂交(Ⅳ)方法,分析了8个玉米自交系的穗长、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、单穗重、单株产量和百粒重等与抗旱性相关的性状在雨养地和水分胁迫下的GCA、SCA及遗传变量。结果表明:穗长、单穗重、穗行数、行粒数和单穗产量以加性基因效应为主,穗粗、百粒重以非加性基因效应为主。6221、6620、5003及330能产生抗旱高产且产量性状良好的杂交组合,是有利用价值的亲本。6221×8902、6221×5003、6221×6270、6620×8902、6620×6270、6620×330、金599×8902和Mo17×330等组合可在干旱、半干旱地区示范种植。产量性状在不同水分环境下的遗传特点存在一致性,对其遗传改进和产量潜力的选择宜在无胁迫条件下进行。

几个玉米骨干自交系主要性状的配合力分析

8个骨干自交系按griffing双列杂交 4设计 ,配成 2 8个单交组合。采用完全随机区组设计进行试验 ,分析了生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、出籽率、千粒重、单株粒重、小区产量等 1 1个农艺性状的一般配合力 (GCA)、特殊配合力 (SCA)和遗传变量。结果表明 ,除生育期的SCA外 ,其余各性状的GCA和SCA都有显著或极显著差异。自交系 81 1 2、(素1×吉 840 ) 2 2 2 2 、云 1_7、M丹 1 5 1 2的多数性状GCA较好 ,SCA表现较好的有 81 1 2×M丹 1 5 2 2、云 1_7×M丹 1 5 2 2、云 1_7×M丹 1 5 1 2、云 1 4 3×M丹 1 5 1 2等组合。表现好的组合符合温带种质×热导系。

西南地区常用玉米自交系的配合力及聚类分析

采用NCⅡ设计,以Mo17、郑22、330、32、丹340、黄早四、515为母本,14个西南地区常用玉米自交系为父本,分析了21个玉米自交系的配合力。结果表明:330、丹340、180、交51、Px和7331的产量一般配合力高,在98个杂交组合中330×交51、515×大黄132、丹340×独紫、32×贞367、330×贞367、330×095、515×7331、Mo17×Px、Mo17×交51和330×大青133为强优势组合。聚类分析表明,14个自交系分为4类:①095、5331、大青133;②180、独紫、交51、贞367;③木4、7327、木6、7331、大黄132;④5151、Px。

17个玉米地方种质选系的配合力分析

分析玉米地方种质选系的配合力,可以为探明自交系的应用价值提供技术支撑。选用11个自交系为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对17个玉米地方种质新选的自交系的配合力、杂种优势以及主要性状遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:单株产量GCA表现突出,且构成产量因子性状GCA表现也较好的新选自交系有P1-1、P1-16和P1-14;SCA值高、杂种优势强的组合是P2-4×P1-10;在株高、穗位高、穗行数等4个性状中,亲本的基因加性效应对F1性状形成起主导作用,而穗长、秃尖长、百粒质量等5个性状的遗传变异主要来自于基因非加性效应。因此,对于高产组合的选配,至少要选择1个GCA高的材料作亲本,并在此基础上兼顾SCA的选择,而利用地方种质选系则应根据性状遗传特性决定其选择时期和选择强度。

几个玉米改良系主要农艺性状配合力和遗传参数的分析

采用NCⅡ设计 ,对几个玉米改良系主要农艺性状进行了配合力和遗传参数分析。结果表明 :388_2的产量性状的一般配合力最高 ,为较好的改良系 ;792 2× 388_2、吉 85 3× 388_2、Mo17× 389_1、Mo17× 387_1的配合力总效应较高。遗传参数分析表明 :穗长、行数、秃尖长主要受加性基因控制 ;百粒重、单株产量、穗重主要受非加性基因控制。

25个优良温带玉米自交系与4个热带玉米自交系农艺性状的配合力研究

采用NCⅡ设计对25个优良温带玉米自交系和4个热带自交系配制100个杂交组合,在云南省3种不同生态环境下对这些杂交组合进行农艺性状和产量配合力分析。结果表明,温带自交系郑58、K1218是综合性状配合力十分优良的自交系;铁7922、辽3180是综合性状配合力优良的自交系;自330、丹340、云147、81515、西502等是综合性状配合力比较优良的自交系。热带自交系单株产量GCA效应值YML146>YML145>CML171>CML166,温带系×Suwan1和温带系×Tuxpeno是主要的杂种优势模式。将4个热带自交系分别用TA(热带硬粒型)和TB(热带马齿型)来表示,有以下几种类型:①某温带自交系×TA为强优势组合,同一温带自交系×TB也是强优势组合;②某温带自交系×TA为强优势组合,同一温带自交系×TB是弱优势组合;③某温带自交系×TA为弱优势组合,同一温带自交系×TB也是弱优势组合。

玉米自交系产量及主要穗部性状的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交方法,以宁夏自育的14个玉米自交系和2个常用自交系为母本,与改良Reid、Lancaster(Mo17和自330两个亚群)、塘四平头、旅大红骨这5个亚群的代表系Mo17、丹340、掖478、黄早四、B73为父本,进行了产量及主要穗部性状的配合力研究。结果表明,目前生产上主栽品种掖单19的亲本掖478与掖52106具有较高的特殊配合力;一般配合力以掖52106最高,宁58、郑22、宁70次之;特殊配合力较掖52106×掖478高的组合有4个,仅占配制组合的5%,说明多年来宁夏自育的玉米自交系在性状上还需进一步改良。试验对产量及主要穗部性状的配合力、遗传力及其相关性做了较深入的分析,产量与穗长、穗粗及行粒数的配合力相关性较大,提出了自交系性状选择应以穗行数为主,行粒数、千粒重次之,对产量直接选择效果较小。

几个主要玉米自交系的配合力及聚类分析

利用16个自交系按8×8不完全双列杂交法配成64个组合,研究其株高、穗位高、生育期、穗长、穗粒数、小区籽粒产量等14个农艺性状的一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传参数.结果表明:14个农艺性状的GCA和SCA均达极显著水平;控制这14个性状的基因效应中主要以加性基因效应为主,非加性基因效应较少;本试验材料中561、B603-6-1、8954、4781tl41、268、549、478C4等7个自交系GCA综合性状较优,为组配强优势杂交组合的优良自交系.根据离差平方和法进行聚类分析表明16个自交系划分成6个类群:549、8954为一类;268、478C4、冬4011、N7931、478G为一类;4781tl41、苏11为一类;561、B603-6-1为一类;WJ01、石79、1058为一类;吉1037、200H为一类.

10个玉米自交系产量性状遗传分析

选用国内10个基础种质自交系,采用GriffingⅣ双列杂交设计组配45个杂交组合。对穗长、秃尖、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、单穗粒重、出籽率等8个性状进行配合力和遗传参数分析。研究表明:穗粗、穗行数、穗长、行粒数主要由基因的加性效应起作用,穗粒重主要是受非加性基因作用;旅大类群的丹340、丹360,P群的齐319、沈137表现优良,杂交组合的穗粒重特殊配合力较高;不同自交系的一般配合力在同一性状上差异很大,同一自交系的一般配合力在不同性状方面差异也很大。