Inheritance Analysis of Bolting Associated Traits Using Mixed Major Gene Plus Polygene Model in Brassica rapa

[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze the inheritance of bolting associated traits in Brassica rapa, which will provide useful information in a breeding program for late-bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage. [ Method] Three phenotypic measurements, bolting index, flowering time, days to 5 cm elongated stalk, respectively were used for inheritance analysis of six generations, P, （bolting resistant inbreed line ）, P2 （vernalization independent type） and their filial generations F1 , B1, B2 and F2, using the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model. [ Result] The two traits, bolting index and days to 5 cm elongated stalk, both were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects （ B-1 model） in hybrid. The flowering time was controlled by one major gene with addltive-dominant effects plus additive-dominant-epistatic effects （D model）. The heritability of the major genes in B1, B2 and F2 were 96.22%, 93.33%, 93.55% for bolting index, 70.68%, 70.68%, 70.64% for flowering time, 79.44%, 79.55%, 79.38% for days to 5-cm elongated stalk, respectively, but no polygene heritability was detected in BI, B2 and F2 generation. It indicated that the bolting trait in Brassica rapa was controlled by one or tow major genes. [ Conclusion] This implied that in the genetic improvement for bolting resistant trait major gene was a main factor. It is fit for early selection and environment factor should be mentioned.

Genetic Analysis of Stripe Disease Resistance in Rice Restorer Line C224 Using Major Gene plus Polygene Mixed Effect Model

The inheritance of stripe disease resistance in a rice restorer line C224 was analyzed using the mixed effect model of major gene plus polygene for quantitative traits.In addition,the resistance was investigated in seven crosses of C224 with maintainer lines.The results showed that the stripe resistance of C224 was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects （E-1 model）.These two genes had additive effects of-12.47% and-24.75%,respectively,showing negative dominance effects.There were significant epistasis and interaction effects between the two major genes.The heritability of the two major genes was 92.12%,while that of polygenes was 2.74%,indicating that the stripe resistance had dominant major gene effect.Of the seven crosses,five displayed high or medium resistance to the stripe disease.

Genetic Analysis of Cryotolerance in Cotton During the Overwintering Period Using Mixed Model of Major Gene and Polygene

The joint analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene was conducted to study the inheritance of cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period.H077（G.hirsutum L.,weak cryotolerance） and H113（G.barbadence L.,strong cryotolerance） were used as parents.Cryotolerance of six generation populations including P1,P2,F1,B1,B2,and F2,from each of the two reciprocal crosses H077×H113 and H113×H077 were all investigated.The results showed that cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period was accorded with two additive major genes and additivedominance polygene genetic model.For cross H077×H113,the heritabilities of major genes in B1,B2,and F2 were 83.62,76.84,and 90.56%,respectively;and the heritability of polygene could only be detected in B2,which was 7.76%.For cross H113×H077,the heritabilities of major genes in B1,B2,and F2 were 67.42,68.95,and 83.40%,respectively;and the heritability of polygene was only detected in F2,which was 6.51%.In addition,the whole heritability in F2 was always higher than that in B1 and B2 in each cross.Therefore,for the cryotolerance breeding of perennial cotton,the method of single cross recombination or single backcross should be adopted to transfer major genes,and the selection in F2 would be more efficient than that in other generations.

CMT1A current gene therapy approaches and promising biomarkers

Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies(CMT)constitute a group of common but highly heterogeneous,non-syndromic genetic disorders affecting predominantly the peripheral nervous system.CMT type 1A(CMT1A)is the most frequent type and accounts for almost~50%of all diagnosed CMT cases.CMT1A results from the duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22)gene.Overexpression of PMP22 protein overloads the protein folding apparatus in Schwann cells and activates the unfolded protein response.This leads to Schwann cell apoptosis,dys-and de-myelination and secondary axonal degeneration,ultimately causing neurological disabilities.During the last decades,several different gene therapies have been developed to treat CMT1A.Almost all of them remain at the pre-clinical stage using CMT1A animal models overexpressing PMP22.The therapeutic goal is to achieve gene silencing,directly or indirectly,thereby reversing the CMT1A genetic mechanism allowing the recovery of myelination and prevention of axonal loss.As promising treatments are rapidly emerging,treatment-responsive and clinically relevant biomarkers are becoming necessary.These biomarkers and sensitive clinical evaluation tools will facilitate the design and successful completion of future clinical trials for CMT1A.

花生RIL群体出仁率的遗传特性分析

出仁率是花生的产量性状之一,是籽仁产量的重要影响因子。本研究以花育44×DF12构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为试验材料,出仁率作为表型数据,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对3个环境下的出仁率进行遗传特性分析。结果表明,3个环境下的出仁率的最适遗传模型均为4MG-AI,即4对加性—上位性主基因调控,3个环境下的主基因遗传率分别为91.93%,90.60%,96.85%。本研究结果为出仁率遗传机制挖掘奠定了重要理论依据。

Studies on the Inheritance of Locule Formation in Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

To fully understand the tomato ovary locule formation of inheritance, two varieties, ovary multi-locule （MLK1） and few-locule （FL1）, were used in these studies. Using reciprocal cross, self-cross, and backcross, we have constructed various groups to seek the genetic law and mechanisms of tomato locule formation, for modifying the tomato breeding theory. The parental and the resulting FI and F2 generations have been used to examine the heredity of the locule number. The results showed that few-locule was incompletely dominant. The data from backcross demonstrated a significant effect on the locule number, whereas, the reciprocal cross showed an insignificant effect. Not surprisingly, the locule number was controlled by nuclear genomes, not by exogenous substances. The model that inherited the locule number belonged to the additive-dominant model： additive effects played a very important role and were partially dominant. In addition, the results revealed that the locule number in tomato was mainly controlled by a single gene, whereas, it was modulated by a number of other genes. Finally, the general inheritability and narrow inheritability of the locule number were 69.44% and 52.98%, respectively.

芥菜型油菜种子中神经酸、芥酸和油酸含量的遗传分析

神经酸等有益脂肪酸对人体健康具有重要作用。芥菜型油菜作为神经酸潜力来源,是具有高品质的功能型油料作物。为探究芥菜型油菜神经酸等重要脂肪酸的遗传规律,本文以芥菜型油菜高神经酸种质JH1和低神经酸种质JL4为亲本,创制遗传分析世代(P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)/RF_(1)、B_(1)/RB_(1)、B_(2)/RB_(2)、F_(2)/RF_(2)),测定各世代种子的脂肪酸含量,对神经酸、芥酸和油酸含量进行相关性分析和遗传分析。结果发现,油酸与芥酸、神经酸呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),神经酸与芥酸极显著正相关(P<0.01)。两个亲本的神经酸含量分别为(2.998±0.274)%和(0.000±0.000)%,芥酸含量分别为(47.644±2.343)%和(0.000±0.000)%,油酸含量分别为(8.853±1.963)%和(48.649±3.395)%,亲本之间存在显著差异。F1和RF1的三种脂肪酸含量介于两个亲本之间,分离世代的表型分布广泛。遗传分析表明:三种脂肪酸含量的加性效应较强,其最佳遗传模型均为MX2-ADI-ADI(2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因)。B2/RB2和F2/RF2中三种脂肪酸的遗传都以主基因为主,遗传率较高,环境影响小。B1和RB1的神经酸和芥酸以主基因或多基因遗传为主,环境影响小,油酸受环境影响较大。本文结果为高神经酸芥菜型油菜品质育种提供了理论依据。

有棱丝瓜早熟相关性状主基因+多基因遗传模型分析

【目的】通过主基因+多基因遗传模型分析有棱丝瓜早熟性相关性状的遗传规律,为早熟丝瓜品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以高代自交系有棱丝瓜LC034(♀)和LC052(♂)为亲本构建6世代群体,采用主基因+多基因遗传分离法分析有棱丝瓜的4个早熟相关性状(第一雌花节位、始花期、第一坐果节位和始收期)遗传规律。【结果】LC034的4个早熟相关性状均极显著低于LC052(P<0.01)。F_(1)、BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的4个早熟相关性状变异系数为8.70%~25.46%、14.77%~37.67%、19.93%~38.97%和22.37%~46.81%,且4个早熟相关性状在F_(2)代群体的分离频率分布均包含多种正态分布的混合分布。MX2-ADI-ADI为第一雌花节位和第一坐果节位的最优遗传模型,受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制;第一雌花节位在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的主基因遗传率(h^(2)_(mg))分别为4.63%、84.69%和79.99%,多基因遗传率(h^(2)_(pg))为74.60%、0和0;第一坐果节位在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为2.38%、82.86%和76.45%,h^(2)_(pg)为57.04%、0和0。2MG-ADI为始花期的最优遗传模型,受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为72.02%、79.05%和86.53%。2MG-AD为有棱丝瓜始收期最优遗传模型,属于2对主基因控制的加性—显性遗传模型,在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为62.33%、84.79%和85.07%。【结论】有棱丝瓜的第一雌花节位、始花期、第一坐果节位和始收期均表现为数量性状的特点,受多基因的控制,其中第一雌花节位和第一坐果节位受2对主加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制,始花期受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,始收期受2对加性—显性主基因控制。

辣椒果实性状主基因+多基因遗传分析

以西北农林科技大学蔬菜种质资源创新实验室提供的辣椒品系AA5与CK18为亲本构建F 2代群体,统计调查群体各性状的分离情况,经相关性分析以及主基因+多基因遗传分析的方法来获得辣椒6个果实性状的主基因模型以及遗传效应。结果表明:6个果实性状皆是受主基因调控的数量性状,而且其相关性密切。辣椒果形指数、果肉厚度和果宽等3个性状中存在两组等加性主基因,属于2MG-EA模型;果长和单果质量存在两组加-显性主基因,属于2MG-AD模型;果皮硬度性状的遗传属于1MG-AD模型,存在一组加-显性主基因。辣椒的果形指数和单果质量第1对主基因的正加性更显著。果皮硬度和果长性状的主基因效应为负显性以及正加性。果宽和果肉厚度性状的两对主基因表现为正向等加性。主基因遗传率∶单果质量(53.69)>果宽(48.42)>果长(34.67)>果肉厚度(25.42)>果皮硬度(22.91)>果形指数(22.23)。因此辣椒的这6个果实性状不宜于低代开展选育。研究结果为本材料的后续分子标记以及更高效、更具针对性的辣椒分子选育工作提供理论参考。

Genetic Analysis on Plant Height in Rice in Different Growing Seasons

[Objective] The aim was to carry out the genetic analysis on plant height of rice（Oryza sativa L.）cultivated in different seasons.[Method] Three rice parents with great difference in plant height including CB1（83.1 cm）,CB4（105.5 cm）and CB7（115.6 cm）were chosen to construct two parental combinations：CB1×CB4 and CB7×CB4,and the corresponding filial generations P1,F1,P2,B1,B2 and F2 were obtained.The 6 populations were planted in middle and late seasons respectively to measure their height traits.The Akaike＇s information criterion（AIC）of the mixed major gene and polygene model was used to indentify the existence of major genes affecting quantitative traits in B1,B2,F2 populations.When the major genes existed,the genetic effects of the major genes and polygenes and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis.[Result] One additive major gene plus additive-dominance polygenes was the most fitted genetic model for the trait in all B1,B2,F2 populations in two planting seasons.The heritability values of the major genes varied from 38.63% to 78.53% and those of polygenes varied from 1.72% to 36.04%,and the total heritability values were 45.52-92.93%.The additive effect d value of the two genetic populations under two planting seasons was-4.56,-9.16,-7.19,and-9.38,respectively,as suggested that additive effect of the major genes would decrease the express of the plant height trait.[Conclusion] The heritability of plant height trait was affected by planting seasons and the combinations clearly as a whole.

Genetic Analysis of Embryo Production Frequency in Wheat × Maize Cross

A DH population derived from C49S-87/01Y1-1069 was used to study the inheritance of wheat haploid embryo production frequency（EPF） in wheat × maize cross with the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits. The results showed that the EPF of wheat × maize cross was controlled by two dominant epistatic genes and polygene with gene effects of 1.95 for the first major gene, 6.69 for the second one and 2.80 for the polygene. The inheritability of major genes was as high as 72.09%, suggesting that the differences in EPF among wheat materials were mainly influenced by genotype. However, non-genetic factors were still important, especially for wheat materials with low EPF.

Analysis of Gene Effect on Four Characters of Immature Embryo Culture in Maize

This study was to find the regularity in the hereditary variation for the main culturing characters of the immature embryo culture in maize. Two kinds of inbred-line, R18-599 （red） with very excellent embryo culturing capacity and R15 with very poor embryo culturing capacity, were used as P1 and P2 for obtaining six generations. By culturing immature embryos of the six generations, four culturing characters, namely embryonic callus induction efficiency, nonembryonic callus induction efficiency, cloning ability of the embryonic callus, and number of regenerating plants, were analyzed using the general mean analysis and generation joint analysis. Results showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with two major additive-dominance-epistatic genes and polygene-mixed additive-dominance-epistatic inheritance model. The induction efficiency of the nonembryonic callus accorded with two major additive-dominance-epistatic genes. The number of regenerating plants accorded with one major gene and polygene-mixed additive-dominance inheritance model. The cloning ability of the embryo callus accorded with two major genes and polygene-mixed inheritance model, whereas the effect of epistatic gene on this character was identified results of the two methods, generation joint analysis may genetic information. to be different using the two methods. By comparison of the not only raise experimental precision but also provide more

小麦面筋相关性状的主基因+多基因遗传模型分析

【目的】通过小麦面筋相关性状的主基因+多基因遗传模型分析,探析小麦湿面筋含量、干面筋含量和面筋指数的遗传规律,为我国长江中下游麦区红皮强筋专用小麦品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以苏麦6号×扬97G59为亲本构建的双单倍体(DH)群体(共189个家系)为材料,采用主基因+多基因遗传分离分析方法对小麦湿面筋含量、干面筋含量和面筋指数进行遗传模型分析。【结果】湿面筋含量在句容试点MX2-ED-A模型为最佳模型,受到2对显性上位性效应主基因和加性效应微效多基因控制,主基因遗传率为74.18%,多基因遗传率为24.35%,但在扬州试点MX2-IE-A模型为最佳模型,受到2对抑制效应主基因和加性效应微效多基因控制,主基因遗传率为7.41%,多基因遗传率为90.60%。对于干面筋含量,在句容试点MX2-ED-A模型为最佳模型,受到2对显性上位性效应主基因和加性效应微效多基因控制,主基因遗传率为38.24%,多基因遗传率为61.61%,但在扬州试点MX2-IE-A模型为最佳模型,受到2对抑制效应主基因和加性效应微效多基因控制,主基因遗传率为5.65%,多基因遗传率为94.04%。面筋指数在句容试点MX2-AI-AI模型为最佳模型,受到2对加性上位性效应主基因和加性上位性效应微效多基因控制,主基因遗传率为66.34%,多基因遗传率为33.55%,但在扬州试点MX2-DE-A模型为最佳模型,受到2对重叠效应主基因和加性效应微效多基因控制,主基因遗传率为42.05%,多基因遗传率为57.62%。【结论】小麦干面筋含量、湿面筋含量和面筋指数均表现为数量性状的特点,受多基因的控制,且存在环境效应。干面筋含量和湿面筋含量的遗传主要受2对显性上位性或抑制效应主基因+多基因的控制;面筋指数的遗传受2对加性上位性或重叠效应主基因+多基因的控制。

利用花生RIL群体进行芽期耐寒性遗传特性分析

花生是我国分布极广的重要油料和经济作物,低温寒害是高纬度高海拔产区严重限制其生产发展的关键逆境因素,其中发芽期的危害最为普遍和严重。为深入研究花生芽期耐寒性遗传特性,本研究以耐寒性强的品种和耐寒性弱的品种杂交[HY44×DF12(HD-RIL)和YZ9102×XZ68-4(YX-RIL)]构建了两个重组自交系(RIL)群体,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对2个RIL群体低温胁迫后的相对发芽率进行遗传特性分析。结果表明,2个RIL群体的耐寒性在2020年海南乐东(E1)环境中均表现为由3对加性上位性主基因+加性多基因控制,HD-RIL和YX-RIL的主基因遗传率分别为86.72%、91.46%,在2021年山西汾阳(E2)环境中均表现为由2对显性上位主基因+加性多基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为74.35%、79.56%;HD-RIL群体在2021年海南南滨(E3)环境中与YX-RIL群体在2020年山西汾阳(E4)环境中耐寒性均表现为由2对累加作用的主基因+加性多基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为64.20%、59.05%。本研究结果为深入开展花生芽期耐寒性分子机制研究、提高耐寒性分子育种效率提供了重要的理论基础。

辣椒株高主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析

株高是辣椒重要农艺性状之一,直接影响辣椒的抗倒性和丰产性。为明确辣椒株高的遗传规律,以株高较矮的B1-2和株高较高的D50为亲本,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法对P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F26个世代的株高进行了遗传分析。结果表明,辣椒株高最适合遗传模型符合E-1模型,即受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制。株高的2对主基因加性效应相等,均为3.4087,显性效应值分别为1.3698和-0.7346。B1、B2和F2分离群体中主基因遗传率分别为34.18%、67.48%、66.45%,多基因遗传率分别为46.84%、12.85%、21.99%。试验结果表明,辣椒株高受主基因和多基因共同控制,受环境影响较小。

番茄苗期耐低温性主基因-多基因联合遗传分析

为研究番茄苗期耐低温性的遗传规律,选取耐低温性不同的2份番茄高代自交系材料XC-1、XC-2于花期配制F1,再配制BC1、BC2、F2世代,对6个世代的幼苗同时进行低温处理,日间温度14℃,光照处理9 h(08:00—17:00),光照度为30μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),夜间7℃(17:00至翌日08:00)不进行光照,相对湿度为75%,共处理15 d。处理结束后调查耐低温性分级。采用主基因-多基因联合遗传分析方法研究耐低温性的遗传。结果表明,番茄幼苗耐低温性的遗传受2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,主基因的遗传率在BC1、BC2、F2世代分别达57.357%、54.441%、68.463%,多基因的遗传率分别达6.607%、10.602%、2.994%。主基因与多基因的影响较大,该性状的选择可在早代进行。

“文化基因解码工程”背景下地方高校非遗传承新模式探索——以衢州学院为例

地方高校在传承区域文化时应起到文化引领作用。该文在“文化基因解码工程”大背景下,分析了衢州学院非遗传承的现状,发现地方高校非遗文化传承效果初显,但仍存在脱离专业、脱离地方建设、模式单调等问题,进而探讨地方高校参与非遗保护与传承的新路径。根据非遗自身地域性、文化性和发展性的特点,结合高校人力、物力、智力等各种资源,在非遗校园传承中构建区域非遗文化一张网,跨专业挖掘非遗的内涵和价值,多方联动构建基于城市文化地标的“非遗大IP”活态传承模式,在地方高校打造一个崭新的、可持续的、完整的非遗文化生态传承空间。

花生网斑病抗性遗传分析

花生网斑病严重影响花生的产量和品质。为探究花生网斑病抗性遗传机制,本研究利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对感病品种豫花22和抗病品种冀农99杂交得到的F2:3群体进行了网斑病抗性遗传分析。对病斑面积比和病情指数的分析结果表明,花生网斑病抗性主要由1对主基因加性-显性效应控制,主基因遗传率分别为76.72%和65.45%,一对主基因加性效应值(da)分别为8.11和21.95。本研究可为花生网斑病抗性育种提供一定的理论基础。

基于加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)模型与主-多基因模型的陆地棉产量与品质性状的遗传分析

本试验为进一步明确陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)杂交后代产量、纤维品质性状的遗传规律,以9个陆地棉品种为亲本设计不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)。对2019-2021年的亲本、18个F_(1)和F_(2)组合及组合TH14-22×B7的127个F2单株分别采用加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)模型与主基因-多基因遗传模型,从基因整体与个体水平进行分析。NCⅡ分析结果表明:所有性状均存在基因型与环境的互作,主要通过显性×环境来体现,上位性×环境不可忽视。多数性状的遗传以加性效应为主,整齐度以显性效应为主,伸长率无显著的基因主效应。上半部平均长度与整齐度具有正向平均优势,其他性状无明显的平均优势。分离分析结果表明:各性状普遍受主基因控制。单株铃数、衣分与比强度的最适遗传模型为2MG-EA,单铃质量与上半部平均长度最适遗传模型为2MG-A,整齐度与马克隆值最适遗传模型为2MG-AD,伸长率最适遗传模型为1MG-AD。单铃质量、衣分、上半部平均长度、整齐度与比强度主基因遗传率较高,单株铃数、马克隆值与伸长率的遗传率较低。ADAA模型分析结果与主基因-多基因分析结果的相互补充,可有效了解各性状的遗传特征,为采用适当的育种改良策略提供参考。

茄子果形性状遗传研究

为探究2个茄子组合品种的果形指数遗传规律,选用3种果形指数差异显著的高代自交系茄子(长筒、高圆和短筒果形)为材料,构建了2个杂交组合(组合Ⅰ:长筒×高圆,组合Ⅱ:高圆×短筒),采用六世代联合分析法研究果形指数的遗传规律。结果表明:果形指数遗传属于数量性状,2个组合果形指数遗传模型均适于E-3模型,即2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型,组合Ⅰ表现出一负一正的主基因加性效应,组合Ⅱ表现出2个负向的主基因加性效应,2个组合多基因的加性效应均大于显性效应,说明以加性效应遗传为主。组合Ⅰ中B1、B2世代主基因遗传率大于多基因遗传率,以主基因遗传为主,F2世代多基因遗传率大于主基因遗传率,以多基因遗传为主,B2世代环境效率较高,为48.49%;组合Ⅱ中B1、B2分离世代的主基因遗传率大于多基因遗传率,以主基因遗传为主,F2的多基因遗传率大于主基因遗传率,以多基因遗传为主,B1和B2世代遗传受环境因素影响较大,环境效率高于40%。