AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 virus.METHODS: This prospective study was c...AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 virus.METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on the cohorts of CHC individuals identified as responders or non-responders to antiviral therapy. Myeloid DCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of each subject using CD1c(BDCA1)+ DC isolation Kit. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured with DC growth factors such as IL-4 and GM-CSF either in the presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) viral proteins followed by LPS stimulation. Phenotyping was done by flowcytometry and gene expression profiling was evaluated by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Non-responders [sustained virological response(SVR)-ve] to conventional antiviral therapy had significantly higher expression of genes associated with interferon responsive element such as IDO1 and PD-L1(6-fold) and negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathway such as SOCS(6-fold) as compared to responders(SVR+ve) to antiviral therapy. The downregulated genes in non-responders included factors involved in antigen processing and presentation mainly belonging to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) Class-Ⅱ family as HLA-DP, HLA-DQ(2-fold) and superoxide dismutase(2-fold). Cells grown in the presence of HCV viral proteins had genes downregulated for factors involved in innate response, interferon signaling, DC maturation and co-stimulatory signaling to T-cells, while the genes for cytokine signaling and Toll-like receptors(4-fold) were upregulated as compared to cells grown in absence of viral proteins.CONCLUSION: Underexpressed MHC class-Ⅱ genes and upregulated negative regulators in non-responders indicate diminished capacity to present antigen and may constitute mechanism of functionally defective state of DCs.展开更多
A fragment spanning over exon 2 and intron 2 of major histocompatibility complex B-LB Ⅱ genes was amplified using PCR, cloned and sequenced in 13 individuals from eight Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one intro...A fragment spanning over exon 2 and intron 2 of major histocompatibility complex B-LB Ⅱ genes was amplified using PCR, cloned and sequenced in 13 individuals from eight Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one introduced breed. Another 41 sequences of MHC class Ⅱ β from ten vertebrate species were cited from the NCBI GenBank. Thirteen new B-LB Ⅱ alleles were found in the chicken breeds sampled. Alignment of the exon 2 sequences revealed 91.1-97.8% similarity to each other within the chickens sampled, and the chickens shared 84.1-87.0% homology to Phasianus colchicus, 78.5-81.5% similarity to Coturnix japonica. The sequences in poultry showed 62.6-68.1% identity to HLA-DRB1, 50-61.5% similarity to DQB (HLA-, SLA- and H2-BB), 53.7-60% to HLA-DPB and 53.3-57.8% similarity to HLA-DOB. The frequency of nonsynonymous substitutions of nucleotide was higher than that of synonymous substitutions, and the frequencies of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in poultry B-LB Ⅱ genes were lower than those observed in mammalian DRB1 and DQB1 genes. The deduced amino acid sequences of MHC class Ⅱ β1 domain exhibited extreme difference in conversed region and variable region patterns among the various species, but the two conserved cysteines forming disulfide-bond were shown consistent in poultry with that in mammalian species; and the carbohydrate attachment site was found more conserved in chicken, Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Ovis aries and Capra hircus than in Sus scrofa and rodent animals. Compared with exon 2 of DQB1 genes of Homo sapiens, ruminant species and Sus scrofa, the differentia that the deletion of six nucleotides at position195 to 200 of exon 2 of DQB1 genes, and insertion of three nucleotides at position 247 to 249 of the exon 2 existed in rodent species were found, which led to the absence of three AA residues at position 65, 66, and 67 within β1 domain of DQB1 chain, and the insertion of one AA residue at position 85. The difference of the deletion of six nucleotides at position 72 to 77 of exon 2 of DPB1 genes was observed with Homo sapiens DQB1, which caused absence of three AA residues at position 24, 25, and 26 of β1 domain of DPB1 chain. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the B-LB Ⅱ sequences from poultry are not orthologous to the class Ⅱ MHC β-chain genes of mammalian species. The tree indicated that genetic evolutionary relationship of chickens with Phasianus colchicus was much closer than with Coturnix japonica, and the DQB and DPB clusters are more tightly related to each other than to the remaining clusters.展开更多
Antigen-presentation via major histocompatibility complex(MHC)to T cells is the key event to initiate adaptive immune responses.In teleosts,as in mammals,the main types of professional antigen-presenting cells(APCs)ar...Antigen-presentation via major histocompatibility complex(MHC)to T cells is the key event to initiate adaptive immune responses.In teleosts,as in mammals,the main types of professional antigen-presenting cells(APCs)are dendritic cells(DCs),monocytes/macrophages,and B cells.In the current study,flow cytometry,immunostaining and qPCR have been used to show that neutrophils in the teleost fish Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)have antigen-presenting properties.The neutrophils were positive for MHC class II,CD83 and CD80/86,and upon in vitro bacterial exposure,gene expression analysis of purified neutrophils showed that IL-12p40,which is essential for proliferation of naïve T cells,was highly upregulated at both 6 and 24 h post bacterial exposure.Based on presence of MHC class II and upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation,we suggest that neutrophils in Atlantic salmon have potential to function as professional APCs.This work makes an important basis for further exploring the potential of using neutrophils to develop new,targeted immunoprophylactic measures.展开更多
基金Supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,No.27(0262)12/EMR-II
文摘AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 virus.METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on the cohorts of CHC individuals identified as responders or non-responders to antiviral therapy. Myeloid DCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of each subject using CD1c(BDCA1)+ DC isolation Kit. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured with DC growth factors such as IL-4 and GM-CSF either in the presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) viral proteins followed by LPS stimulation. Phenotyping was done by flowcytometry and gene expression profiling was evaluated by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Non-responders [sustained virological response(SVR)-ve] to conventional antiviral therapy had significantly higher expression of genes associated with interferon responsive element such as IDO1 and PD-L1(6-fold) and negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathway such as SOCS(6-fold) as compared to responders(SVR+ve) to antiviral therapy. The downregulated genes in non-responders included factors involved in antigen processing and presentation mainly belonging to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) Class-Ⅱ family as HLA-DP, HLA-DQ(2-fold) and superoxide dismutase(2-fold). Cells grown in the presence of HCV viral proteins had genes downregulated for factors involved in innate response, interferon signaling, DC maturation and co-stimulatory signaling to T-cells, while the genes for cytokine signaling and Toll-like receptors(4-fold) were upregulated as compared to cells grown in absence of viral proteins.CONCLUSION: Underexpressed MHC class-Ⅱ genes and upregulated negative regulators in non-responders indicate diminished capacity to present antigen and may constitute mechanism of functionally defective state of DCs.
基金This study was supported by"948"Project of China(2001-361)Key Project of National Basic Research and De-velopmental Plan(G2000016103)of China.
文摘A fragment spanning over exon 2 and intron 2 of major histocompatibility complex B-LB Ⅱ genes was amplified using PCR, cloned and sequenced in 13 individuals from eight Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one introduced breed. Another 41 sequences of MHC class Ⅱ β from ten vertebrate species were cited from the NCBI GenBank. Thirteen new B-LB Ⅱ alleles were found in the chicken breeds sampled. Alignment of the exon 2 sequences revealed 91.1-97.8% similarity to each other within the chickens sampled, and the chickens shared 84.1-87.0% homology to Phasianus colchicus, 78.5-81.5% similarity to Coturnix japonica. The sequences in poultry showed 62.6-68.1% identity to HLA-DRB1, 50-61.5% similarity to DQB (HLA-, SLA- and H2-BB), 53.7-60% to HLA-DPB and 53.3-57.8% similarity to HLA-DOB. The frequency of nonsynonymous substitutions of nucleotide was higher than that of synonymous substitutions, and the frequencies of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in poultry B-LB Ⅱ genes were lower than those observed in mammalian DRB1 and DQB1 genes. The deduced amino acid sequences of MHC class Ⅱ β1 domain exhibited extreme difference in conversed region and variable region patterns among the various species, but the two conserved cysteines forming disulfide-bond were shown consistent in poultry with that in mammalian species; and the carbohydrate attachment site was found more conserved in chicken, Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Ovis aries and Capra hircus than in Sus scrofa and rodent animals. Compared with exon 2 of DQB1 genes of Homo sapiens, ruminant species and Sus scrofa, the differentia that the deletion of six nucleotides at position195 to 200 of exon 2 of DQB1 genes, and insertion of three nucleotides at position 247 to 249 of the exon 2 existed in rodent species were found, which led to the absence of three AA residues at position 65, 66, and 67 within β1 domain of DQB1 chain, and the insertion of one AA residue at position 85. The difference of the deletion of six nucleotides at position 72 to 77 of exon 2 of DPB1 genes was observed with Homo sapiens DQB1, which caused absence of three AA residues at position 24, 25, and 26 of β1 domain of DPB1 chain. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the B-LB Ⅱ sequences from poultry are not orthologous to the class Ⅱ MHC β-chain genes of mammalian species. The tree indicated that genetic evolutionary relationship of chickens with Phasianus colchicus was much closer than with Coturnix japonica, and the DQB and DPB clusters are more tightly related to each other than to the remaining clusters.
文摘Antigen-presentation via major histocompatibility complex(MHC)to T cells is the key event to initiate adaptive immune responses.In teleosts,as in mammals,the main types of professional antigen-presenting cells(APCs)are dendritic cells(DCs),monocytes/macrophages,and B cells.In the current study,flow cytometry,immunostaining and qPCR have been used to show that neutrophils in the teleost fish Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)have antigen-presenting properties.The neutrophils were positive for MHC class II,CD83 and CD80/86,and upon in vitro bacterial exposure,gene expression analysis of purified neutrophils showed that IL-12p40,which is essential for proliferation of naïve T cells,was highly upregulated at both 6 and 24 h post bacterial exposure.Based on presence of MHC class II and upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation,we suggest that neutrophils in Atlantic salmon have potential to function as professional APCs.This work makes an important basis for further exploring the potential of using neutrophils to develop new,targeted immunoprophylactic measures.
