Comparative Analysis of Sugar Production Cost in Guangxi and World Major Producing Countries

Guangxi is the largest sugar producing area in China and shoulders heavy responsibilities for the development of China’s sugar industry.In recent years,China’s sugar industry has been greatly impacted by the foreign low-cost sugar industry,and the planting area of sugarcane has been declining.The development foundation of the sugar industry is the sugarcane seed industry.Under the impact of foreign low-price sugar,China’s sugarcane industry is under greater pressure for development,and the sugarcane seed industry shoulders more arduous responsibilities.In order to cope with international competition,the development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry urgently needs to establish a development model oriented towards improved varieties,scale and mechanization of sugarcane,so as to promote the high-quality development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry and effectively respond to the pressure of competition in the international sugarcane industry.

Methodology of factorial design deriving guidelines for simulation of growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima

It is practical, economic and sometimes essential to derive rules or conclusions by performing lesser runs of experiments. In this part, a methodology based on 2 f factorial design was brought up to derive guidelines to simulate growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima . The growth curve or accumulation process of sugars was idealized by sets of straight lines limited by phase transfers of growth or accumulation of sugars. Normal analyses of the critical values of the transfers were used to derive their linear relationships with the initial conditions of the experimental factors. These linear functions were called guidelines and were used to simulate the growth curve or accumulation of sugars. Generalization of the guideline technique was determined by the kinetic limitation of nutrient nitrogen or sulfur that was dependent upon their stoichiometric deficiency directly derived from their initial values in the medium. This method uses the initial conditions of culture and does not need measurements of concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and pigments during cultivation. It is a practical and useful alternative way to trace and predict approximately the growth curve and production of sugars by S. maxima .

Overview of Sugar Industry in Kenya and Prospects for Production at the Coast

This paper utilized national data obtained mainly from published sources as well as information obtained from field visits, key informant interviews, reports and records in the coastal region of Kenya. It is a sector review of the sugar industry in Kenya, with special focus on opportunities for expanding production in the coastal region. Sugar, or sugarcane (Saccharum Hybrids spp.) is among the top six commercial crops grown in Kenya. The others are tea, cut flowers, vegetables, coffee and maize. Industrial sugar was introduced in Kenya in 1902 and the first processing factory opened in 1922. In the 1960s, new government policy encouraged expansion of commercial sugar production with new factories opening in western Kenya. By the mid-1970s, Kenya was a sugar exporter. But from the 1980s, the sugar sector started to decline both in production and profitability, with the country becoming a net sugar importer by the 1980s. Although the area under sugarcane has expanded over the years to cover 220,000 ha, productivity is low achieving only 55 tonnes/hectare. Meanwhile, production costs have been increasing, averaging US $1007/tonnes in 2018. Over 80 percent of the sugar is grown rainfed by smallholder farmers mostly in western Kenya using low inputs, with consequent poor productivity. The sugar sector has numerous challenges including: agronomic, technological, economic, management and policy limitations. This paper traces the main issues impacting the sugar industry in Kenya. It finds a sector in turmoil that requires significant reforms. It explores prospects of the next sugar revolution emerging from the coast. The coastal region has land available for rainfed and irrigated sugarcane, a warmer climate and possibilities to grow short-maturing cane varieties of higher sucrose concentrations. But other constraints are also inherent at the coast. These must be overcome for sugar to become a major cash crop in the region.

Investigation and Analysis on Production Cost of Guangxi Sugar Industry

Guangxi is the largest cane sugar production base in China,with more than 20 million sugar related personnel,and sugar related personnel account for about 50%of the total population in Guangxi.The development of cane sugar industry plays an important role in Guangxi and even the whole country.At present,there are still many difficulties and problems in Guangxi sugar industry,such as imperfect industrial chain,high industrial operation cost and weak comprehensive competitiveness.In this paper,by analyzing production cost of cane sugar,management cost,financial cost and cane consumption of sugar per ton in Guangxi,and starting from the problems in cane sugar production of Guangxi,development countermeasures of Guangxi sugar industry reducing cost and increasing efficiency under the new situation are put forward.

Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin, China

The chemical composition, mineral profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of maize （MZ）, high sugar forage sorghum （HS） and forage sorghum （FS）, and silages made from each forage type were measured. The MZ and MZ silage （MZS） had higher crude protein, starch and ether extract contents than both sorghum forages and sorghum silages. HS had higher ash and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than FS and MZ. MZ, MZS, HS and HS silage （HSS） had lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin than FS and FS silage （FSS）. FSS had higher dry matter （DM） and pH than MZS and HSS. HSS contained higher concentrations of P and K than FSS and MZS. MZS and HSS had higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility, CH4 production, total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate than FSS. pH was higher for FSS than for HSS, and ammonia was lower for HSS than for MZS and FSS. HSS had higher gas production than MZS and FSS after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h incubation. MZS had higher gas production than HSS and FSS after 26 and 28 h of incubation. The results indicate that HS may substitute for MZ to make good quality silage. However, animal studies are needed to assess the acceptability and feeding values of HSS vs. MZS for ruminant production.

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum as a Feedstock by Multiple Harvests for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

Sweet sorghum has become an important feedstock for bioethanol production. Total sugar yield and multiple harvests can directly affect ethanol production cost. Little is known about stem traits and multiple harvests that contribute to sugar yield in sweet sorghum. Stem traits were evaluated from 25 sweet and grain sorghum accessions. Stems were harvested twice at the soft-dough stage and the stems were pressed with a hydraulic press. Sugars in the stem juice were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Sweet sorghum produced five times more fresh stem weight and dry stem mass (830 gand164 g) than grain sorghum (150 gand27g). Sweet sorghum produced a much higher volume of juice and higher yield of sugars (366 ml and42 g) per stem than grain sorghum (70 ml and4 g). Significant variability in fresh stem weight (72 - 1837 g), juice volume (31 - 753 ml), sugar yield (3 - 81 g), dry stem mass (14 - 383 g), and sugar yield/dry stem mass ratio (0.11 - 0.53) per stem was detected among sweet sorghum accessions. Stem sugar yield was significantly correlated with stem fresh weight and juice volume. Sorghum was harvested twice within one growing season resulting in some sweet sorghum accessions producing double amount of sugars. Sweet sorghum produced three times more dry mass weight (bagasse) than fermentable sugar weight. To reduce feedstock cost, methods have to be developed for efficiently utilizing bagasse. Our results showed high fresh stem weight, high ratio of sugar yield to dry stem mass, and double harvests are prime traits to boost sugar yield. Sweet sorghum may be suitable for multiple harvests in certain regions of theU.S.TheU.S.sweet sorghum collection needs to be screened for acces- sions that can be harvested twice with an extended feedstock-production season and used as a feedstock for sustainable and renewable bioenergy production.

Effect and Analysis of Mechanized Production on Ratooning Ability of Guitang 47

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effect of machine harvesting on ratooning ability of Guitang 47, and to provide basis for mechanized production of Guitang 47. [Methods] On the basis of mechanized planting and management of newly planted sugarcane Guitang 47, a comparative test of machine harvesting and manual harvesting was conducted, during which the plant generation rate, sugarcane yield, sucrose content and related agronomic traits of ratoon cane were continuously investigated in two years after machine harvesting of the newly planted sugarcane. [Results] There were no significant differences in the plant generation rate, plant height, stalk diameter, millable cane, sugarcane yield and sucrose content from manual harvesting of Guitang 47 in the first and second years after machine harvesting. In the second year after machine harvesting, the yields of ratoon cane and the sugar content reached 101.70 and 15.32 t/hm^2, respectively, which were equivalent to those of manual harvesting. [Conclusions] Guitang 47 has strong ratooning ability and lodging resistance and strong resistance to rolling and crushing, and is adaptive to full mechanized production. It should be promoted and accelerated in sugarcane areas lacking labor to reduce costs and increase benefits.

低分子糖对肉制品品质影响研究进展

低分子糖又称寡聚糖、寡糖,由2-10个单糖单元通过β-1,4糖苷键结合而成,可将其分为普通性低分子糖和功能性低分子糖两大类。较之高分子多糖具有特殊的结构,可以有效改善肉制品感官品质和理化品质。本文主要综述了低分子糖通过美拉德反应、抗氧化反应等对肉制品色泽、风味、保水性、嫩度的影响,以及低分子糖在肉制品保藏中的应用,旨在为低分子糖在改善肉制品品质方面提供研究思路。

全球食糖生产布局特征及主产国产量演变探究

食糖是关系国计民生的重要农产品,是食品工业和医药行业不可或缺的原料。研究全球食糖生产布局和产量变动有助于增进不同国家和地区食糖产业及其竞争力的理解。根据埃信华迈(IHSMarkit)、美国农业部(USDA)和联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的数据,探究世界食糖生产洲际分布和主产国(地区)布局,梳理近9年世界和主产国(地区)食糖产量演变特征及其驱动因素,得出几个结论:一是2022/23年制糖期全球食糖产量洲际分布呈现亚洲、南美洲、欧洲、中美和北美洲、非洲、大洋洲依次降低趋势;二是全球76.6%的食糖产自以巴西和印度为主的十大产糖国;三是全球产糖量总体震荡上升,洲际变动特征分化明显;四是全球糖产量前十大产糖国产量集中度近5年明显增加,产量波动受种植面积、单产和糖醇比价政策影响。

甜菜制糖生产零取水零排放优化技术研究

随着甜菜制糖工艺的不断发展,我国制糖效率得到大幅度提高,通过生产用水技术改造与优化,将传统使用新鲜水的用水单元全部用“冷却循环水”“上清液”和“中水”替代,实现“分质供水、一水多用、梯级使用、中水回用”。依托糖厂原有设备,新增建设竖流沉降池,在辐流沉淀池底排泥汁中加入絮凝剂,二次沉降后,“上清液”返回清水池,再利用脱泥板框进行压滤、滤液返回清水池的方式实现循环用水的再利用。通过这一改造,实现吨糖生产新鲜水用量降低到2.5 m^(3)·t^(-1)糖以下,实现制糖生产节能减排、低碳环保的目标。

栖牙普雷沃菌的代糖产酸与致龋关系研究

目的:探究栖牙普雷沃菌的代糖产酸与牙本质脱矿及龋病形成的潜在关系。方法:观察栖牙普雷沃菌的形态学特征;在无糖或有糖以及不同pH的培养条件下,紫外分光光度计和pH计检测栖牙普雷沃菌的生长特性,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测栖牙普雷沃菌上清液的有机酸含量;将牙本质切片分为对照组、磷酸组和栖牙普雷沃菌组,分别在相应分组培养基中培养1周和2周,SEM,VHM检测各组共培养牙本质的脱矿程度。结果:栖牙普雷沃菌能够发酵蔗糖、葡萄糖产酸,使其最终pH值低至4.7,琥珀酸和乙酸是其主要代谢产物。栖牙普雷沃菌具有一定的耐酸性。此外,栖牙普雷沃菌能够导致牙本质脱矿,与对照组相比,栖牙普雷沃菌组牙本质的维氏硬度值显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:栖牙普雷沃菌的致龋能力可能与其代糖产酸有关。

蔗糖生产智能化计算机管理系统研发

针对蔗糖生产存在人工操作居多,现有自动化和信息化系统相对孤立,缺乏集成导致生产效率较低的问题,通过对制糖企业的当前生产经营特点和实际需求的分析,利用物联网、移动互联网、云计算、大数据等最新的技术手段开发蔗糖生产智能化计算机管理系统。系统可以通过企业内部网和互联网进行异地浏览和信息采集,其功能涵盖了制糖企业从底层的数据采集监视到上层的经营管理。系统实现了生产经营的精细化管理、实时管理和分级考核,企业物流、资金流和信息流的集成,使得生产经营过程协调有序地进行,解决了之前生产不能同时实现管理和现场监控相结合的问题。现场验证结果表明,该系统能够有效地提升生产效率,降低生产成本。

甜菜纤维及果胶的应用浅析

甜菜中含有多种功能营养成分,其中含量较高的是属于食用纤维类的甜菜纤维和甜菜果胶,形成的天然胶体果胶具有良好的乳化、增稠、稳定和胶凝作用,也具有抗菌、止血、消炎、止泻、降血脂、抗辐射等作用。我国传统制糖工厂中对其提取利用的相关工艺应用较少,这些组分最终都富集在甜菜加工副产物中,因此甜菜功能组分提取及甜菜副产物高附加值利用也成为了行业目前亟需解决的课题,本文从甜菜纤维和甜菜果胶的化学结构、提取方法、基础性质及应用领域几个方面重点介绍,挖掘甜菜产业的发展潜能,这部分副产物的高附加值利用可以大幅增加产品的利润空间,也能对甜菜加工产业的上下游起到支撑作用,对产业带来实际效益提升,并创造显著的经济效益。

传统食品源乳酸菌对酸面团面包风味的影响

乳酸菌在酸面团制作中扮演着重要角色,对其风味等品质有显著影响。不同种类的乳酸菌在性能上存在差异,为了选育特色酸面团用乳酸菌发酵剂,开发差异化酸面团面包,本研究对来自不同种类传统发酵食品中的乳酸菌,进行糖代谢能力、产有机酸能力及风味特征评估,并验证其对酸面团和面包风味的影响。结果显示,有6株乳酸菌具有较强的糖代谢能力和产酸性能,风味特征优良。其产生的挥发性风味物质主要包括醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类、酸类和其他类化合物。其中有2株植物乳杆菌可为酸面团面包贡献酸味、果味和酒酿味等特殊风味。这些筛选出的菌株为开发具有特征性香气成分的酸面团发酵剂提供了资源,具有工业应用潜力。

柑橘果实增糖肥料的生产与应用技术规程

华南地区是柑橘的重要产区,但是受昼夜温差小、雨水多、光照不充分等因素影响,柑橘果实存在糖分含量低、口感差等品质问题,严重影响了果农的经济效益。本文从增糖肥料的原料选择、产品配方设计、生产工艺探究、产品质量检测及产品应用与效果等方面总结了柑橘果实增糖肥料产品的生产与应用技术规程,以期为该地区柑橘果实增糖提供优质的绿色肥料产品和技术支持。

零糖双豆益生菌流心糕的制作工艺研究

以红豆、绿豆、糯米粉、粘米粉和益生菌为主要原料研究开发一款低血糖生成指数流心糕点。以感官评分为指标,通过单因素和正交试验对零糖双豆益生菌流心糕的最佳工艺配方进行优化。结果表明,零糖双豆益生菌流心糕的最优配方为糯米粉10 g、粘米粉8 g、澄粉6 g、红豆汤(绿豆汤)40 g、奶粉4 g、赤藓糖醇14 g、葵花籽油4.5 g、流心馅∶豆沙馅∶双色面皮=1∶5∶7,在此配方下制作的零糖双豆益生菌流心糕色彩清新诱人,组织状态良好,口感不黏腻,口味新颖独特。

基于大数据的制糖制炼智能工艺控制与管理系统

在制糖行业中,传统的工艺控制和管理模式已经难以满足日益增长的生产效率和产品质量要求。为此,本文基于大数据技术,探讨了制糖制炼过程中的智能工艺控制和管理系统。首先分析了大数据在制糖行业中的应用现状和存在的问题,随后阐述了基于大数据的智能工艺控制和管理系统的总体架构,接着从工艺参数实时监测、故障预警和诊断、生产线优化调度3个方面进行了深入研究,并给出了相应的解决方案。希望本研究能够为制糖行业实现智能化生产提供一些理论依据和技术支撑。

理论甘蔗糖分模型的构建及其在制糖生产中的应用

探讨了甘蔗制糖产业在化学管理方法中存在的问题,特别是生产报表中甘蔗糖分计算的不准确性和难评估问题。传统方法计算出的甘蔗糖分存在诸多影响因素,难以客观反映甘蔗品质和蔗糖含量,不利于生产管理。对此,文章提出了基于数理统计方法构建理论甘蔗糖分模型的解决方案,即利用田间甘蔗检测数据,建立了理论甘蔗糖分与初压汁糖度的数学模型。该模型能够更准确地估算甘蔗糖分,为制糖生产技术管理水平提供评价依据。通过实例分析了理论甘蔗糖分与实际产糖率的关联性,并提出了优化糖厂生产管理的侧重点。最后,建议各制糖企业在日常生产管理报表中增设“理论甘蔗糖分”项目,以实时监控并评估制糖技术及管理水平,促进整体运营效率与产品质量的双提升。

2023年广东甘蔗产业生产形势分析

广东作为全国甘蔗种植面积与产量前三省份,一直保持甘蔗种植技术水平国内领先的位置,是全国主要的糖料作物生产省份之一。为了更好地稳定广东糖料,以及燃料、医疗与工业乙醇供应,本文以广东甘蔗产业宏观趋势、微观实证监测数据为研究基础,分析了2023年广东甘蔗产业发展的总体生产形势、区域经营组织生产形势、甘蔗产品市场形势、甘蔗技术应用状况等。总体而言,2023年,广东甘蔗年单产88 t/hm^(2),比广西单产高约4 t/hm^(2),比云南单产高约17 t/hm^(2)。近年,广东甘蔗产业面临市场需求波动、规模种植面积持续下滑、区域农户收益不均、技术水平参差不齐等问题。2023年,广东甘蔗良种率提升,与近3年相比,全省春播甘蔗单产增加、总产量基本持稳,甘蔗制糖产量120万t以上,甘蔗制乙醇产量40万~60万t,果蔗年产185万t左右,影响广东甘蔗主产区的甘蔗种植经营组织效率因素主要为种植规模效率面积,其次为甘蔗种植技术应用率。展望至2025年,广东甘蔗产业的增效提质发展,须进一步加强新品种抗逆性研究、改善甘蔗产区基础设施状况、促进一二产互联以及强化糖料作物与生物质能源作物的供应储备。

崇明小菠菜轮作模式的效益及品质分析

为筛选适合崇明小菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)的特色蔬菜轮作模式,以叶菜为对照,比较了崇明小菠菜与香酥芋、红皮土豆、崇明金瓜、崇明白扁豆、崇明香芋和崇明山药为主要轮作作物的6种轮作模式的经济效益,并分析了轮作对崇明小菠菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:崇明金瓜+鲜食玉米+崇明小菠菜(T2)、崇明白扁豆+鲜食玉米+崇明小菠菜(T3)轮作模式的经济效益在轮作2年周期内均最高,增幅均在对照的20%以上.崇明小菠菜产量增幅在轮作第2年较高,产量最高的轮作模式是崇明红皮土豆+鲜食玉米+崇明小菠菜(T6).各轮作模式下,崇明小菠菜的维生素C、可溶性蛋白质及草酸含量均无显著差异;崇明香芋+崇明小菠菜(T1)轮作模式的硝态氮含量显著高于其他模式;可溶性糖含量在T6轮作模式下含量最高.综合考量经济效益、产量和品质,T2,T3和T6模式可优先应用于崇明小菠菜高效轮作生产.