Comparative Analysis of Sugar Production Cost in Guangxi and World Major Producing Countries

Guangxi is the largest sugar producing area in China and shoulders heavy responsibilities for the development of China’s sugar industry.In recent years,China’s sugar industry has been greatly impacted by the foreign low-cost sugar industry,and the planting area of sugarcane has been declining.The development foundation of the sugar industry is the sugarcane seed industry.Under the impact of foreign low-price sugar,China’s sugarcane industry is under greater pressure for development,and the sugarcane seed industry shoulders more arduous responsibilities.In order to cope with international competition,the development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry urgently needs to establish a development model oriented towards improved varieties,scale and mechanization of sugarcane,so as to promote the high-quality development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry and effectively respond to the pressure of competition in the international sugarcane industry.

Methodology of factorial design deriving guidelines for simulation of growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima

It is practical, economic and sometimes essential to derive rules or conclusions by performing lesser runs of experiments. In this part, a methodology based on 2 f factorial design was brought up to derive guidelines to simulate growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima . The growth curve or accumulation process of sugars was idealized by sets of straight lines limited by phase transfers of growth or accumulation of sugars. Normal analyses of the critical values of the transfers were used to derive their linear relationships with the initial conditions of the experimental factors. These linear functions were called guidelines and were used to simulate the growth curve or accumulation of sugars. Generalization of the guideline technique was determined by the kinetic limitation of nutrient nitrogen or sulfur that was dependent upon their stoichiometric deficiency directly derived from their initial values in the medium. This method uses the initial conditions of culture and does not need measurements of concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and pigments during cultivation. It is a practical and useful alternative way to trace and predict approximately the growth curve and production of sugars by S. maxima .

Overview of Sugar Industry in Kenya and Prospects for Production at the Coast

This paper utilized national data obtained mainly from published sources as well as information obtained from field visits, key informant interviews, reports and records in the coastal region of Kenya. It is a sector review of the sugar industry in Kenya, with special focus on opportunities for expanding production in the coastal region. Sugar, or sugarcane (Saccharum Hybrids spp.) is among the top six commercial crops grown in Kenya. The others are tea, cut flowers, vegetables, coffee and maize. Industrial sugar was introduced in Kenya in 1902 and the first processing factory opened in 1922. In the 1960s, new government policy encouraged expansion of commercial sugar production with new factories opening in western Kenya. By the mid-1970s, Kenya was a sugar exporter. But from the 1980s, the sugar sector started to decline both in production and profitability, with the country becoming a net sugar importer by the 1980s. Although the area under sugarcane has expanded over the years to cover 220,000 ha, productivity is low achieving only 55 tonnes/hectare. Meanwhile, production costs have been increasing, averaging US $1007/tonnes in 2018. Over 80 percent of the sugar is grown rainfed by smallholder farmers mostly in western Kenya using low inputs, with consequent poor productivity. The sugar sector has numerous challenges including: agronomic, technological, economic, management and policy limitations. This paper traces the main issues impacting the sugar industry in Kenya. It finds a sector in turmoil that requires significant reforms. It explores prospects of the next sugar revolution emerging from the coast. The coastal region has land available for rainfed and irrigated sugarcane, a warmer climate and possibilities to grow short-maturing cane varieties of higher sucrose concentrations. But other constraints are also inherent at the coast. These must be overcome for sugar to become a major cash crop in the region.

Investigation and Analysis on Production Cost of Guangxi Sugar Industry

Guangxi is the largest cane sugar production base in China,with more than 20 million sugar related personnel,and sugar related personnel account for about 50%of the total population in Guangxi.The development of cane sugar industry plays an important role in Guangxi and even the whole country.At present,there are still many difficulties and problems in Guangxi sugar industry,such as imperfect industrial chain,high industrial operation cost and weak comprehensive competitiveness.In this paper,by analyzing production cost of cane sugar,management cost,financial cost and cane consumption of sugar per ton in Guangxi,and starting from the problems in cane sugar production of Guangxi,development countermeasures of Guangxi sugar industry reducing cost and increasing efficiency under the new situation are put forward.

Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin, China

The chemical composition, mineral profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of maize （MZ）, high sugar forage sorghum （HS） and forage sorghum （FS）, and silages made from each forage type were measured. The MZ and MZ silage （MZS） had higher crude protein, starch and ether extract contents than both sorghum forages and sorghum silages. HS had higher ash and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than FS and MZ. MZ, MZS, HS and HS silage （HSS） had lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin than FS and FS silage （FSS）. FSS had higher dry matter （DM） and pH than MZS and HSS. HSS contained higher concentrations of P and K than FSS and MZS. MZS and HSS had higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility, CH4 production, total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate than FSS. pH was higher for FSS than for HSS, and ammonia was lower for HSS than for MZS and FSS. HSS had higher gas production than MZS and FSS after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h incubation. MZS had higher gas production than HSS and FSS after 26 and 28 h of incubation. The results indicate that HS may substitute for MZ to make good quality silage. However, animal studies are needed to assess the acceptability and feeding values of HSS vs. MZS for ruminant production.

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum as a Feedstock by Multiple Harvests for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

Sweet sorghum has become an important feedstock for bioethanol production. Total sugar yield and multiple harvests can directly affect ethanol production cost. Little is known about stem traits and multiple harvests that contribute to sugar yield in sweet sorghum. Stem traits were evaluated from 25 sweet and grain sorghum accessions. Stems were harvested twice at the soft-dough stage and the stems were pressed with a hydraulic press. Sugars in the stem juice were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Sweet sorghum produced five times more fresh stem weight and dry stem mass (830 gand164 g) than grain sorghum (150 gand27g). Sweet sorghum produced a much higher volume of juice and higher yield of sugars (366 ml and42 g) per stem than grain sorghum (70 ml and4 g). Significant variability in fresh stem weight (72 - 1837 g), juice volume (31 - 753 ml), sugar yield (3 - 81 g), dry stem mass (14 - 383 g), and sugar yield/dry stem mass ratio (0.11 - 0.53) per stem was detected among sweet sorghum accessions. Stem sugar yield was significantly correlated with stem fresh weight and juice volume. Sorghum was harvested twice within one growing season resulting in some sweet sorghum accessions producing double amount of sugars. Sweet sorghum produced three times more dry mass weight (bagasse) than fermentable sugar weight. To reduce feedstock cost, methods have to be developed for efficiently utilizing bagasse. Our results showed high fresh stem weight, high ratio of sugar yield to dry stem mass, and double harvests are prime traits to boost sugar yield. Sweet sorghum may be suitable for multiple harvests in certain regions of theU.S.TheU.S.sweet sorghum collection needs to be screened for acces- sions that can be harvested twice with an extended feedstock-production season and used as a feedstock for sustainable and renewable bioenergy production.

Effect and Analysis of Mechanized Production on Ratooning Ability of Guitang 47

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effect of machine harvesting on ratooning ability of Guitang 47, and to provide basis for mechanized production of Guitang 47. [Methods] On the basis of mechanized planting and management of newly planted sugarcane Guitang 47, a comparative test of machine harvesting and manual harvesting was conducted, during which the plant generation rate, sugarcane yield, sucrose content and related agronomic traits of ratoon cane were continuously investigated in two years after machine harvesting of the newly planted sugarcane. [Results] There were no significant differences in the plant generation rate, plant height, stalk diameter, millable cane, sugarcane yield and sucrose content from manual harvesting of Guitang 47 in the first and second years after machine harvesting. In the second year after machine harvesting, the yields of ratoon cane and the sugar content reached 101.70 and 15.32 t/hm^2, respectively, which were equivalent to those of manual harvesting. [Conclusions] Guitang 47 has strong ratooning ability and lodging resistance and strong resistance to rolling and crushing, and is adaptive to full mechanized production. It should be promoted and accelerated in sugarcane areas lacking labor to reduce costs and increase benefits.

低分子糖对肉制品品质影响研究进展

低分子糖又称寡聚糖、寡糖,由2-10个单糖单元通过β-1,4糖苷键结合而成,可将其分为普通性低分子糖和功能性低分子糖两大类。较之高分子多糖具有特殊的结构,可以有效改善肉制品感官品质和理化品质。本文主要综述了低分子糖通过美拉德反应、抗氧化反应等对肉制品色泽、风味、保水性、嫩度的影响,以及低分子糖在肉制品保藏中的应用,旨在为低分子糖在改善肉制品品质方面提供研究思路。

蔗糖生产智能化计算机管理系统研发

针对蔗糖生产存在人工操作居多,现有自动化和信息化系统相对孤立,缺乏集成导致生产效率较低的问题,通过对制糖企业的当前生产经营特点和实际需求的分析,利用物联网、移动互联网、云计算、大数据等最新的技术手段开发蔗糖生产智能化计算机管理系统。系统可以通过企业内部网和互联网进行异地浏览和信息采集,其功能涵盖了制糖企业从底层的数据采集监视到上层的经营管理。系统实现了生产经营的精细化管理、实时管理和分级考核,企业物流、资金流和信息流的集成,使得生产经营过程协调有序地进行,解决了之前生产不能同时实现管理和现场监控相结合的问题。现场验证结果表明,该系统能够有效地提升生产效率,降低生产成本。

传统食品源乳酸菌对酸面团面包风味的影响

乳酸菌在酸面团制作中扮演着重要角色,对其风味等品质有显著影响。不同种类的乳酸菌在性能上存在差异,为了选育特色酸面团用乳酸菌发酵剂,开发差异化酸面团面包,本研究对来自不同种类传统发酵食品中的乳酸菌,进行糖代谢能力、产有机酸能力及风味特征评估,并验证其对酸面团和面包风味的影响。结果显示,有6株乳酸菌具有较强的糖代谢能力和产酸性能,风味特征优良。其产生的挥发性风味物质主要包括醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类、酸类和其他类化合物。其中有2株植物乳杆菌可为酸面团面包贡献酸味、果味和酒酿味等特殊风味。这些筛选出的菌株为开发具有特征性香气成分的酸面团发酵剂提供了资源,具有工业应用潜力。

柑橘果实增糖肥料的生产与应用技术规程

华南地区是柑橘的重要产区,但是受昼夜温差小、雨水多、光照不充分等因素影响,柑橘果实存在糖分含量低、口感差等品质问题,严重影响了果农的经济效益。本文从增糖肥料的原料选择、产品配方设计、生产工艺探究、产品质量检测及产品应用与效果等方面总结了柑橘果实增糖肥料产品的生产与应用技术规程,以期为该地区柑橘果实增糖提供优质的绿色肥料产品和技术支持。

零糖双豆益生菌流心糕的制作工艺研究

以红豆、绿豆、糯米粉、粘米粉和益生菌为主要原料研究开发一款低血糖生成指数流心糕点。以感官评分为指标,通过单因素和正交试验对零糖双豆益生菌流心糕的最佳工艺配方进行优化。结果表明,零糖双豆益生菌流心糕的最优配方为糯米粉10 g、粘米粉8 g、澄粉6 g、红豆汤(绿豆汤)40 g、奶粉4 g、赤藓糖醇14 g、葵花籽油4.5 g、流心馅∶豆沙馅∶双色面皮=1∶5∶7,在此配方下制作的零糖双豆益生菌流心糕色彩清新诱人,组织状态良好,口感不黏腻,口味新颖独特。

基于大数据的制糖制炼智能工艺控制与管理系统

在制糖行业中,传统的工艺控制和管理模式已经难以满足日益增长的生产效率和产品质量要求。为此,本文基于大数据技术,探讨了制糖制炼过程中的智能工艺控制和管理系统。首先分析了大数据在制糖行业中的应用现状和存在的问题,随后阐述了基于大数据的智能工艺控制和管理系统的总体架构,接着从工艺参数实时监测、故障预警和诊断、生产线优化调度3个方面进行了深入研究,并给出了相应的解决方案。希望本研究能够为制糖行业实现智能化生产提供一些理论依据和技术支撑。

崇明小菠菜轮作模式的效益及品质分析

为筛选适合崇明小菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)的特色蔬菜轮作模式,以叶菜为对照,比较了崇明小菠菜与香酥芋、红皮土豆、崇明金瓜、崇明白扁豆、崇明香芋和崇明山药为主要轮作作物的6种轮作模式的经济效益,并分析了轮作对崇明小菠菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:崇明金瓜+鲜食玉米+崇明小菠菜(T2)、崇明白扁豆+鲜食玉米+崇明小菠菜(T3)轮作模式的经济效益在轮作2年周期内均最高,增幅均在对照的20%以上.崇明小菠菜产量增幅在轮作第2年较高,产量最高的轮作模式是崇明红皮土豆+鲜食玉米+崇明小菠菜(T6).各轮作模式下,崇明小菠菜的维生素C、可溶性蛋白质及草酸含量均无显著差异;崇明香芋+崇明小菠菜(T1)轮作模式的硝态氮含量显著高于其他模式;可溶性糖含量在T6轮作模式下含量最高.综合考量经济效益、产量和品质,T2,T3和T6模式可优先应用于崇明小菠菜高效轮作生产.

Warming decreases photosynthates and yield of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] in the North China Plain

Understanding the responses of field crops such as soybean to climate warming is critical for economic development and adaptive management of food security. A field warming experiment was conducted using infrared heaters to investigate the responses of soybean phenology, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield to climate warming in the North China Plain. The results showed that 0.4 °C and 0.7 °C increases in soybean canopy air and soil temperature advanced anthesis stage by 3.8 days and shortened the length of entire growth stage by 4.5 days. Warming also decreased the leaf photosynthetic rate by 6.6% and 10.3% at the anthesis and seed filling stages, respectively, but increased the leaf vapor pressure deficit by 9.4%, 15.7%, and 14.1% at the anthesis, pod setting, and seed filling stages,respectively. However, leaf soluble sugar and starch were decreased by 25.6% and 20.5%,respectively, whereas stem soluble sugar was reduced by 12.2% at the anthesis stage under experimental warming. The transportation amount of leaf soluble sugar and contribution rate of transportation amount to seed weight were reduced by 58.2% and 7.7%, respectively,under warming. As a result, warming significantly decreased 100-seed weight and soybean yield by 20.8% and 45.0%, respectively. Our findings provide better mechanistic understanding of soybean yield response to climate warming and could be helpful for forecasting soybean yield under future climate warming conditions.

Green production of sugar by membrane technology:How far is it from industrialization?

Application of membrane filtration in sugar production is attractive because it can reduce the usage of chemicals,produce high-quality clarified juice,and obtain various high value-added products.However,some technical problems,such as insufficient membrane performance,high sucrose loss in membrane retentate,severe membrane fouling,and incomplete cleaning protocols,limit its industrial applications.In order to facilitate the development of membrane technology for sugar production,this review summarizes recent progress on the applications of membrane filtration in different stages of sugar production as well as the integrated membrane processes for various purposes.Moreover,some important issues including membrane fouling,membrane cleaning,economic feasibility and engineering problems of the membrane-based sugar production process are discussed.Finally,the existing challenges and future research prospects for the industrialization of this green technique are pointed out.

Sugar and Fodder Beet Industry and Business in Poland

A general situation of the sugar beet industry and business in the European Union(EU) has been presented. It included the quotas of sugar production there, its prices and changes on the market. The latest sugar production data in the world was also given. The main companies carrying out activities on the Polish sugar and sugar beet seeds were also presented.New circumstances after liberating the sugar market in the EU in October, 2017, were also presented. Nowadays, Poland has been a great potential country for further technological progress in agricultural holdings and growing performance in sugar processing and production industry. As food export from Poland increases, it will be followed by increasing use of sugar. Examples are given to improve sugar beet productivity.

基于BIM技术的糖厂智能生产管理系统应用探究

使用BIM技术将糖厂生产管理系统,包括移动终端、数据显示大屏、定位装置、BIM模型数据模块、生产设备状态管理模块、岗位操作人员管理模块、生产问题上报与跟踪处理模块和生产均衡风险分析及预警模块等,形成可视化技术与数字化信息技术为基础而形成的一种项目管理措施为糖厂生产管理提供指导和参考。

2022/23年榨季国内外食糖市场回顾与2023/24年榨季展望

因巴西、泰国增产抵消了印度和欧盟减产,2022/23年榨季全球食糖产量同比增2.09%,全球食糖供需紧平衡。因甘蔗糖主产区广西和广东遭遇干旱天气,国内产糖量同比减6.17%;糖价高位运行、配额外进口利润持续倒挂导致配额外进口大降,食糖进口量同比下滑,糖浆和预混粉进口量同比大增;消费量因疫情解封叠加政策扶持同比基本持平,2022/23年榨季食糖销售进度偏快,新增工业库存处于近10年低位;因高糖价和经济复苏不及预期,下游含糖食品消费不及预期;榨季前期基差在0值附近波动,随后持续走强,榨季末高位平稳运行。展望2023/24年榨季,近期全球食糖供应由紧平衡转向偏宽松的同时,仍面临较大的不确定性。预计巴西和欧盟增产,泰国和印度减产但减幅仍不确定,国际糖价在每磅17~25美分震荡运行可能较大。国内食糖产量预计恢复性增加,但主产区气候风险犹存;因国内外供需形势总体缓和,国内糖价重心下移。未来还需关注巴西产糖进度、印泰产量预估和贸易政策、厄尔尼诺天气以及宏观经济形势对全球食糖供给的影响。

补灌与施肥对甜菜干物质积累、产糖量及养分吸收的影响

通过研究甜菜在雨养条件下施肥和施肥后补灌对甜菜干物质积累、产量、产糖量和养分吸收的影响规律,可以为甜菜栽培中施肥和灌溉提供理论依据。试验在田间条件下,设置雨养无肥(对照)、雨养施肥、补灌施肥3个处理,大区试验设计,3次重复。结果表明:收获期补灌与雨养施肥处理相比显著提高了甜菜总干物质积累量和产糖量;补灌施肥、雨养施肥与无肥处理相比显著提高了地上部和总干物质积累量、产量、产糖率和产糖量;收获期补灌与雨养施肥处理相比显著降低了甜菜地下部、地上部氮吸收量和总氮、总钾吸收量,雨养施肥与无肥处理相比显著提高了总氮、总钾吸收量;收获期补灌与雨养施肥处理相比显著提高了甜菜地下部、地上部干物质积累量和总磷吸收量,雨养施肥与不施肥处理相比显著提高了地上部干物质积累量和总磷吸收量。综合分析认为,补灌与雨养施肥处理相比利于促进甜菜生长发育,提高产量、产糖量和磷吸收量,降低甜菜对氮、钾的吸收量,建议在5—6月发生季节性干旱时进行人工补灌。