Five-force Analysis and Market Strategies of Budget Hotels in Small and Medium-sized Cities --ake Xuchang Jinjiang INN for Example

Budget hotels, as an emerging hotel model, were started and attained a rapid development in China in the last ten years, and have proven to be important part of China抯 hotel industry. As competitions in the hotel industry become increasingly fiercer, budget hotel brands launch a fight for seizing more market share. Therefore, it is necessary for Xuchang Jinjiang INN as a famous hotel brand to be distinguished from the hotel product strategies of the developed economic areas in the development environment of the small and medium-sized tourism cities, so as to adapt to the characteristics of regional market.

International Arts Festivals Visitors＇ Motives and Profile Characteristics： The Case of Two Medium-Sized Greek Cities

This paper presents an analysis of two renowned international arts festivals visitors＇ motives and profilecharacteristics, in two medium-sized Greek cities： the Kalamata International Dance Festival （KIDF） and theDrama International Short Film Festival （DISFF）. The purpose of the study was to determine the reasons visitorsattend these festivals, which is necessary for building more concise marketing strategies and, therefore,more successful and sustainable events, with long-term benefits, ranging from the local to the national levels.The research addresses international arts festivals that share four main characteristics： （1） they host internationalprofessional artists; （2） they feature explicitly-stated artistic visions and objectives; （3） they are publicly funded;and （4） they have achieved a consecutive 23 years of successful presence in each city. These two case studiesrepresent two cultural events which have managed to maintain their popularity and high status, on the Europeanfestival map, as well as to raise their host cities＇ cultural and tourism standards, despite the serious economiccutback they have both faced. Due to limited available funds, the festivals lack marketing resources andspecifically data collection on visitor motivation, a gap which this study aims to remedy. Primary datawere collected with the aid of online structured questionnaires, distributed and collected during autumn2016. Altogether, 130 questionnaires were answered by visitors of the DISFF and 186 questionnaires wereanswered by visitors of the KIDF. Even though both festivals share similar characteristics regarding theirorganization and their aims, our analysis emphasized the heterogeneity of the motives of attendance in connectionwith the visitors＇ profile characteristics, for each event. While some similarities were found, especially betweendemographic sample characteristics and visitors＇ profiles, the general picture to emerge from the findingsindicates significant differences between the two cases. Arts festivals-goers do not appear to constitute a singlehomogeneous market; rather, each event appears to attract different audiences for different reasons. Theimplications of these findings, deriving from statistical analysis, are discussed and suggestions for further researchare outlined. This research aims to contribute to knowledge concerning the marketing strategies of internationalarts festivals in medium-sized cities, useful for research and academic purposes, as well as to local and nationalauthorities and other agencies and bodies, responsible for urban tourism and cultural city/town planning andmanagement.

Sustainable Development Research in Chinese Medium-Sized City Based on SLEUTH

Compared with megacity, the medium-sized city is playing a more and more important part in the rapid urbanization process in China. Due to the expanding scale of the medium-sized city, urban growth is sprawl and this way leads to ecological, social and environment problems that are unsustainable. To measure the urban growth of the medium sized city, cellular automata (CA) model is employed. CA has proven to be a popular and effective modeling approach to investigate dynamic urban growth systems and for evaluating the impacts of possible policy options. We use the SLEUTH model, which is a well known CA model, to simulate the future urban growth of Huaian, Jiangsu province of China. The results confirm the value of SLEUTH which provides a rich exploratory of knowledge for evaluating the effects of possible decision-making in local government.

A Case Study of Affordable Housing in a Medium-Sized City in Central China

The main task of this paper is to explore the housing condition and housing policy in the vast but long-neglected middle-sized cities in China. Under the requirement of ＂Construction of 10 Million Units in 2011＂ from the central government, the affordable housing has started its nationwide building. Medium-sized cities are facing different developing periods but applying same housing policy as big cities. The paper examines the economic and social condition of the case city to find out the housing problems. It concludes that houses are affordable in these medium-sized cities, but housing policies are not implemented well. The paper proposed that housing affordability in medium-sized city is not about quantity but about quality. To keep houses affordable in these medium-sized cities, housing market, legislation, urban planning, public participation and intensive developments are all important.

On the Development Principles and Models of Recreational Belt around Small and Middle Cities

The definition and type of recreational belt around metropolis were introduced,the development principles of recreational spot around small and middle cities were analyzed.With Baoding City as an example,the empirical analysis was conducted,and the development models of recreational spot around metropolis in Baoding City were put forward.

Impact of City Scale and Regional Difference on Small & Medium-Sized Cities' Development and Its Implication

By studying the relationship between urban development performance and city scale and regional difference, this paper aims at revealing the real challenges faced by small and medium-sized cities(referred to as SMSC hereafter) in China. It analyzes the growth of different-sized cities, their positions in China's overall urban system, the influence of city scale on their capability in migrant absorption, economic development, public service, and environmental remediation, as well as the capability difference among SMSCs. Results show that city scale is less a determinant in economic development capability and per capita ownership of public service than in economic performance, quality of public service, and environmental remediation capabilities. Besides, there are many other factors determined by regional differences instead of city scale. Therefore, in the context when SMSC plays an increasingly important role in the process of urbanization, relevant parties should avoid the "trap of scale," and re-position urbanization within the framework of sustainable development.

Study on the Greening Design of Residential Areas in Yichun City

In this research,the functions and principles of residential greening design in medium-sized cities are analyzed.Taking the greening design of a residential area in Yichun City for an example,we aim at providing some references for the urban residential district greening design.

Study on administrative division reform of China’s small and medium-sized cities in the urbanization process

Throughout the world,urbanization has been basically understood to refer to the process of increasing population flow from rural to urban areas.To adapt to this irreversible process,besides eradicating the urban-rural dual household system,China needs to accelerate the building of administrative system in small and medium-sized cities,which will enable them to absorb more migrants from rural areas,and thereby help ease the burden on large cities,and forge a sensible urban system.According to the statistics in this paper,by 2050,China’s urbanization rate will reach around 80%.This calls for as many as 1,050 small and medium-sized cities,i.e.,those capable of accommodating less than 500,000 residents.Currently,however,there are only 383 cities of that scale in China.Therefore,we need to think hard and clearly about how counties and towns are best developed under the urbanization drive,how to achieve optimal administrative structure through reclassification and adjustment of different administrative units,and how,in general,to enhance the quality of urbanization in China.

Xiamen,A Livable City

People say the best way to know the layout of a city is to see it from the sky.Seen from the sky,Xiamen is circled entirely by water,newly built buildings standing in order like toy bricks.With new architecture,a well arranged layout and adjacent waters,Xiamen represents distinct characteristics of China's newly uprising cities.

The Dilemma and Way-Out of Urban and Rural Planning Management in China's Small and Medium-Sized Cities

In China, for small and medium-sized cities, urban and rural planning management should play an important role during the process of urbanization. However, it failed to do that in reality due to a series of limits, such as local fiscal deficiency, scarce human resources, incomplete management systems, historic planning defects, inadequate supervisions, and imperfect regulations, etc. This paper made a comprehensive analysis on the dilemma of urban and rural planning management in China's small and medium-sized cities and the interests and status of the government, enterprises and public in space resource allocation and put forward the methods to improve the quality of planning management in China's small and medium-sized cities from the view of systems and mechanisms.

Problems of private industrial economic development and its countermeasures for Zigong City,Sichuan Province,China

The differences of regional economic development between underdeveloped areas and developed areas are mainly embodied by different levels of private economic development. Since 20-year reform and opening-up to the outside world, the private industry of Zigong has developed gradually, become more and more economically competitive, and played a more and more important role in the economic structure of Zigong. This paper analyzes the problems of private economy and its countermeasures based on the research on its status quo.

Source apportionment of VOCs in a typical medium-sized city in North China Plain and implications on control policy

Characteristics of atmospheric VOCs(volatile organic compounds) have been extensively studied in megacities in China, however, they are scarcely investigated in medium/smallsized cities in North China Plain(NCP).A comprehensive research on possible sources of VOCs was conducted in a medium-sized city of NCP, from May to September 2019.A total of 143 canister samples of 8 sites in Xuchang city were collected, and 57 VOC species were detected.The average VOC concentrations were 42.6 ± 31.6 μg/m3, with 53.7 ± 31.0 μg/m3 and 32.1 ± 27.8 μg/m^(3), in the morning and afternoon, respectively.Alkenes and aromatics contributed 80% of the total ozone formation potential(OFP).Aromatics accounted for more than 95% of secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP).VOCs were dominated by the local emission with significant transport from the southeast direction.PMF analysis extracted 6 sources, which were combustion(33.1%), LPG usage(19.3%), vehicular exhaust & fuel evaporation(15.8%), solvent usage(15.2%), industrial(9.11%) and biogenic(7.51%), respectively and they contributed 33.4%, 17.6%, 12.9%, 18.6%, 9.28% and 8.22% to the OFP, respectively.Combustion and LPG usage were the dominant VOC sources;and combustion, solvent usage and LPG usage were the main sources of OFP in Xuchang city, which were different to megacities in China with a high contribution from vehicular exhaust, solvent usage and industry,suggesting specific control strategies on VOCs need to be implemented in medium-sized city such as Xuchang city.

Prediction of Traffic Volume of Motor Vehicles Based on Mobile Phone Signaling Technology

Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of trafficplanning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statisticsefficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predictingmotor vehicle traffic volume on urban roads in small and medium-sizedcities during the traffic peak hour by using mobile signal technology. Themethod is verified through simulation experiments, and the limitations andthe improvement methods are discussed. This research can be divided intothree parts: Firstly, the traffic patterns of small and medium-sized cities areobtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 19745 residents weresurveyed in Luohe, a medium-sized city in China and five travel modes oflocal people were obtained. Secondly, after the characteristics of residents’rest and working time are investigated, a method is proposed in this studyfor the distribution of urban residential and working places based on mobilephone signaling technology. Finally, methods for predicting traffic volume ofthese travel modes are proposed after the characteristics of these travel modesand methods for the distribution of urban residential and working placesare analyzed. Based on the actual traffic volume data observed at offlineintersections, the project team takes Luohe city as the research object and itverifies the accuracy of the prediction method by comparing the predictiondata. The prediction simulation results of traffic volume show that the averageerror rate of traffic volume is unstable. The error rate ranges from 10% to 30%.In this thesis, simulation experiments and field investigations are adopted toanalyze why these errors occur.

购物中心成为城市心脏:维克多·格伦的建筑思想

维克多·格伦是研究购物中心、商业步行街起源和发展的关键性人物,也是一位几乎被遗忘的第二代现代主义建筑师。在他的设计中,购物中心的步行公共空间成为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,甚至成为城市发展的驱动性力量。本文介绍了二战后格伦的建筑思想发展历程及其设计风格特征,梳理从现代主义到“Mall成为城市心脏”,再到步行城市的主要思想阶段及相关作品,讨论格伦思想的影响与局限。

零售业态演变视角下的城市消费空间发展趋势

城市综合体是当前国内大城市的一种新兴商业形态。通过回顾西方发达国家和我国零售业态及空间形式的演变历程,总结出不同发展时期的重要表现特征,认为每一种新兴业态的产生与不同的城市空间形态密切相关,城市综合体崛起于城市郊区化与多中心大都市区形成的重要时期。由此基于零售业生命周期、消费群体变化、信息网络技术兴起的视角,提出信息化时代城市消费空间的动力机制框架。最后,尝试性探索由人类不同层次需求所衍伸的各种类型城市生活设施,城市生活综合体则可以成为未来消费空间的理想假设。

广州购物中心时空演变及对城市商业空间结构的影响研究

以购物中心为研究对象,选择广州为案例地,采用Arc GIS和SPSS软件进行空间属性表达和统计分析,探讨购物中心时空演变特征及与城市商业空间结构的关系,得出以下结论:广州购物中心数量及规模增长呈现出周期性和跳跃性的特征,购物中心的分布主要集聚于中心城区,其空间分布格局正逐步由集聚中心城区向集聚与扩散并存的方向发展。从购物中心时空演变的影响因素分析,人口规模与购物中心数量及规模存在显著的正相关性,购物中心空间布局的交通指向性明显,购物中心时空演变还受城市空间发展战略、城市用地结构调整影响较大,而消费者一站式购物、体验消费趋势也对购物中心空间布局以及经营产生重要影响。最后,探讨了购物中心发展对城市商业空间结构的影响。购物中心发展促进城市商业中心等级体系呈现扁平化,有利于城市多中心商业空间结构体系的形成,与此同时,购物中心也影响了城市商业业态结构,提升了商业中心现代化水平。

中国省域信息流、资金流强度的空间差异——以2015年京东手机交易为例

以京东七大物流中心及其覆盖范围划分省市群。将抓取得到的京东商城2015年手机交易记录与中国统计年鉴相关数据相结合,研究影响信息流和资金流（简称＂双流＂）强度的可能因素,重点分析省域层面＂双流＂强度的空间差异,研究结果表明：（1）信息基础设施、经济发展水平等已取代地理距离,成为影响＂双流＂强度的主要因素;（2）广东、北京、上海、江苏、浙江等省市为＂双流＂核心区;（3）网络资金流量分层现象明显,呈＂金字塔＂形分布;（4）各省市群之间的空间联系存在差异,北京、上海、广东所在省市群的空间联系明显高于其它省市群;（5）各省市群内部成员发展不平衡,中心省市对＂双流＂贡献力最大。

泉州中山路步行街区调查

对泉州市中山路街区进行问卷调查 ,研究其形成和演变历史、居民行为方式、街道空间和场所序列 通过分析其基本特征 ,对小商业街区在我国中小城市旧城保护 ,以及在其改造中的应用可能 ,提出一些看法 .

现代商业步行街设计浅析

现代城市规划中越来越重视城市交通问题 ,因此人车分流的商业步行街得以迅速发展。笔者从步行街的意义与特征、规划方式、基本元素设计。

中等城市新型购物中心状况分析及对策研究——以桂林联达商业广场为例

中国市场经济的发展使MALL这种新型的购物中心不断从发达城市向中等城市发展,而在中等城市,这种新型购物中心的交通状况、居民收入水平、消费习惯,对新型购物中心的消费理念的认识与发达的大城市相比还有较大差距,尚存在一些制约与问题,在对联达商业广场的调查里发现了这些购物中心存在的制约和问题,针对这些制约和问题,从定位宣传、交通措施、促销方法、商场布局和服务质量几方面提出了改善措施和建议,对其他中等城市类似的购物中心也有可借鉴之处。