ESTABLISHMENT OF A MAMMARY CANCER CELL LINE Ca 761-86 AND ITS BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN INBRED 615 MICE

A cell line designated as Ca 761-86 has been established from the solid mouse mammary cancer (Ca 761) by suspension culture. It has been passaged for more than 212 generations. Moderate round cells were predominant and most of them were mononuclear. Some characteristics of malignant cells and A-type viral-like particles were observed by electron microscopy. The results of cytochemical studies (DNA, RNA, SDH, 5' AMPase, ACP etc.) were comparable to the ultramicroscopic results. It multiplied approximately 27.4 fold on day 5 with mitotic index reaching 1.8% on day 3. This cell line was a hyperdiploid with karyotype of 45 or 45, -2X, tril2, tri17, +M1-5. Cell agglutination was observed when treated with ConA (≥7 fig, ml). Spontaneous agglutination might also take place without adding any ConA. After 5×106 cells of Ca 761-86 suspension were transplanted into the normal inbred 615 mice by different ways (subcutan eous, intrafoot-pad or intraperitoneal), the transplan lability rate reached 100%. Spontaneous remission was never observed and its metastatic ability reserved. PPLO were not detected. Ca 761-86 may be of value for practical purposes.

Analisys of Immunohistochemical Prognostic Markers in Canine Mammary Cancer and Its Relation to Postsurgical Survival

Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived, while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms. Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Mammary Cancer by Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (参芪扶正注射液) in Cooperation with Chemotherapy

Objective： To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection （参芪扶正注射液,SFI） on cellular immune in patients with mammary cancer （MC） after chemotherapy. Methods： One hundred and ten patients with MC were randomly assigned to two groups. The 58 patients in the tested group were treated with SFI in cooperation with chemotherapy of CAF protocol （Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Fluorouracil）, while the 52 patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy of the same protocol alone. Changes of the patients＇ quality of life （QOF）, adverse reaction that occurred, peripheral lymphocyte count and killing activity of single karyocyte before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. Results： Patients＇ QOF elevating rate after treatment in the tested group and the control group was 34.5% and 13.5% respectively; The lowering of peripheral blood cell count of WBC, platelet and lymphocyte as well as that of the killing activity of single peripheral karyocyte on various kinds of MC cells were all milder and recovery sooner than those in the control group. Conclusion： SFI in combination with chemotherapy in treating MC could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy, improve clinical symptoms, elevate QOF and enhance immunity in patients with MC.

Effect of Sangu Decoction(三骨汤) on Metastatic Bone Destruction in Rats with Mammary Cancer

Objective： To study and evaluate the effect of Sangu Decoction （SGD, 三骨汤） on the bone destruction due to mammary cancer metastasis. Methods： Metastasis rat mammary tumor-1 cells were transplanted into the left hind limb tibia of SD rats to establish the bone metastasis of the mammary cancer model. The modeled rats were treated with SGD for observing its effect on rats＇ pain behavior, including 50% paw withdrawal threshold （50% PWT） after von Frey fiber stimulation, burden difference of bilateral feet, and thermal withdrawal latency （TWL）, with zoledronic acid as the positive control. Moreover, the damage in the tibia sample of rats was scored by an iconographic method, and the bone mineral density （BMD） as well as the bone mineral content （BMC） were estimated. Results： The model established showed characteristics of mixed metastasis, revealing the manifestations of tumor development, bone destruction, cancerous pain, etc. In the SGD-treated group, 50% PWT was prolonged （8.13±4.76 vs. 2.30±2.19）, and TWL was longer （3.48±0.62 s vs. 2.89± 0.26 s） than those in the control group, respectively （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Iconographic scoring also showed improvement of BMD （0.134±0.009 vs. 0.120±0.007, P〈0.01） and an elevating trend of BMC in the SGD-treated group. Conclusion： SGD could effectively alleviate the cancerous pain of bone metastasis and mitigate the metastasis that cause osteolytic destruction of bone.

Analysis of the Risk Factors of Upper Limb Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Surgery and Nursing Care

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the influencing factors of upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer surgery,and to study effective nursing intervention measures.Methods:500 cases of early breast cancer patients from October 2017 to December 2020 were selected,all patients underwent surgical intervention,retrospectively analyzed the basic clinical data of patients,and statistically analyzed the influencing factors of upper limb lymphedema.All patients with upper extremity lymphedema received high-quality nursing intervention,and the specific nursing effect was analyzed.Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer surgery included hypertension,postoperative upper limb functional exercise,delayed healing of incision,radiotherapy and so on.After nursing intervention,the patients*12*5 elbow 10cm,elbow 10cm,wrist size value and VAS score were better than those before nursing(P<0.05).The quality of life score of patients after nursing intervention was significantly better than that before nursing(P<0.05).Conclusion:Hypertension,postoperative upper limb functional exercise,delayed healing of incision,radiotherapy and other factors can induce upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer surgery.Effective nursing intervention can alleviate the condition of patients with upper limb lymphedema and improve their quality of life,which is worthy of comprehensive promotion.

NON-LINEAR OPTICAL IMAGING OF OBESITY-RELATED HEALTH RISKS:REVIEW

This review highlights the recent applications of non-linear optical(NLO)microscopy to study obesity-related health risks.A strong emphasis is given to the applications of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(CARS)microscopy where multiple non-linear optical imaging modalities including CARS,sum-frequency generation(SFG),and two-photon fluorescence are employed simultaneously on a single microscope platform.Specific examples on applications of NLO microscopy to study lipid-droplet biology,obesity-cancer relationship,atherosclerosis,and lipidrich biological structures are discussed.

EffectofAcupunctureonlmmunologicFunctionandHistopathologyofTransplantedMammaryCancerinMice

This experiment mainly describes the effects of acupuncture on immunologic function andhistopathology of transplanted mammary cancer in mice. The results were as follows: In acupuncture group,NK cell activity and T-lymphocyte positive rate of acid a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and lymphocytetransformation rate were all increased. Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference( P < 0. 01 ) . The difference was insignificant when compared with normal group ( P >0 . 05) . Comparing thepathology grading of acupuncture group with control group, it showed marked difference in pathological sec-tion ( P< 0 . 01 ) . Adenoid structure and the degree of lymphocytic infiltration also have marked difference be-tween acupuncture and control group ( P < 0. 05 ) . Less tumour volume in acupuncture group than in controlgroup were observed ( P< 0. 01 ) . This indicated that acupuncture might increase the immunologic function oftransplanted mammary cancer in mice and inhibit the growth of mammary cancer and enhance both differentia-tion level of mammary cancer cells and lymphocytic infiltration. Possibly acupuncture might reduce the malig-nancy of mammary cancer cells.