Electricity Carbon Quota Trading Scheme based on Certificateless Signature and Blockchain

The carbon tradingmarket can promote“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”at low cost,but carbon emission quotas face attacks such as data forgery,tampering,counterfeiting,and replay in the electricity trading market.Certificateless signatures are a new cryptographic technology that can address traditional cryptography’s general essential certificate requirements and avoid the problem of crucial escrowbased on identity cryptography.However,most certificateless signatures still suffer fromvarious security flaws.We present a secure and efficient certificateless signing scheme by examining the security of existing certificateless signature schemes.To ensure the integrity and verifiability of electricity carbon quota trading,we propose an electricity carbon quota trading scheme based on a certificateless signature and blockchain.Our scheme utilizes certificateless signatures to ensure the validity and nonrepudiation of transactions and adopts blockchain technology to achieve immutability and traceability in electricity carbon quota transactions.In addition,validating electricity carbon quota transactions does not require time-consuming bilinear pairing operations.The results of the analysis indicate that our scheme meets existential unforgeability under adaptive selective message attacks,offers conditional identity privacy protection,resists replay attacks,and demonstrates high computing and communication performance.

Soil Moisture Variation under Different Irrigation Quota

[Objective] The aim was to study variation of soil moisture under different irrigation quota.[Method] By using Trime-TDR apparatus,soil moisture with different irrigation quota infiltration was measured;combining the characteristics of soil texture,curve characteristics of soil moisture variation with soil depth under different irrigation quota were analyzed.[Result] Different irrigation quota has resulted in variation of soil moisture in different layer depth.Soil moisture is 9.88%,17%,25% and 24.45% in so...

利用quota在RHEL6系统中实现磁盘配额管理

利用Linux系统中提供的quota磁盘配额功能,管理员可以对系统中的每个用户或组所能使用的磁盘空间进行配额限制,取消他们在系统上无限制地使用磁盘空间的能力。

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equi-librium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in "the effects of contra-geography-grads development". It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industriali-zation delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of "the vicious circle of poverty" by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environ-mental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called "the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River" is put forward supposed to give cor-responding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.

基于Linux系统利用Quota功能实现FTP中用户的磁盘配额

随着现代教育技术的飞速发展和教学改革的需要,FTP服务的使用以其方便、快捷、安全地把文件从远程计算机上拷到本地计算机,或把本地计算机的文件送到远程计算机去这一技术特点受到越来越多的使用,为无纸化的办公自动化系统建立了一个良好的基础。但如何更好地使用与维护成了FTP服务器管理员的难题。

Wildlife Export Quota and Its Administrative System

The authors discussed the administrative system of export quota and its method of calculation in the international wildlife trade. Three methods for determining wildlife export quota in China was put forvvard, based on the trend and status, domestic use, and historical export of wildlife resources. They include the single factor method, the double factor method, and the multiple faCtor method. In addition, the approaches and measures to establish and carry out the administrative system of wildlife export quota in China were discussed in this paper.

Random Route and Quota Sampling: Do They Offer Any Advantage over Probably Sampling Methods?

The aim of this paper is to compare sample quality across two probability samples and one that uses probabilistic cluster sampling combined with random route and quota sampling within the selected clusters in order to define the ultimate survey units. All of them use the face-to-face interview as the survey procedure. The hypothesis to be tested is that it is possible to achieve the same degree of representativeness using a combination of random route sampling and quota sampling (with substitution) as it can be achieved by means of household sampling (without substitution) based on the municipal register of inhabitants. We have found such marked differences in the age and gender distribution of the probability sampling, where the deviations exceed 6%. A different picture emerges when it comes to comparing the employment variables, where the quota sampling overestimates the economic activity rate (2.5%) and the unemployment rate (8%) and underestimates the employment rate (3.46%).

Efficient allocation of coal de-capacity quota among Chinese provinces:a zero-sum gains data envelopment model

An efficient coal de-capacity quota allocation scheme is key for accelerating China's coal supplyside structure reform.This paper allocates the coal de-capacity quota from the perspective of efficiency to seek the optimal capacity allocation in each Chinese province.First,we estimate the coal capacity of 24 coal-producing provinces based on boundary production function model.According to the actual coal overcapacity in each province,we initially allocate the coal decapacity quota of reducing 0.8 billion tons among them.Then,we optimize the initial allocation plan by using the zero-sum gains data envelopment model(ZSG-DEA)considering backward coal capacity,coal economic output,and coal resource endowment of each province.The results indicate that:First,there is coal overcapacity all over China,and there are obvious differences among the provinces.Second,the optimal allocation results show that the large coal producing provinces,including Shanxi,Inter Mongolia,Shaanxi,etc.,need to undertake most of the coal decapacity tasks,while the old coal producing provinces in northeast and west China should undertake a heavier burden of coal de-capacity.Third,the“one-size fits-all”approach burdens the small coal producing provinces with reducing coal capacity,leading to a general low enthusiasm for coal de-capacity in these regions.

China Mulls Easing QFII Quota Management

China’s forex regulator said recently that the country will properly ease and even cancel quota management for Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors(QFII)in a bid to further widen the investment scope for overseas investors.

Different Deficit Irrigation Lower Limits and Irrigation Quotas Affect the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat by Regulating Photosynthetic Characteristics

To determine suitable thresholds for deficit irrigation of winter wheat in the well-irrigated area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,we investigated the effects of different deficit irrigation lower limits and quotas on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat.Four irrigation lower limits were set for initiating irrigation(i.e.,light drought(LD,50%,55%,60%and 50%of field holding capacity(FC)at the seedling-regreening,jointing,heading and filling-ripening stages,respectively),medium drought(MD,40%,50%,55%and 45%of FC at the same stages,respectively),adequate moisture(CK1,60%,65%,70%and 60%of FC at the same stages,respectively),heavy drought(CK2,35%,40%,45%and 40%of FC at the same stages,respectively))and five irrigation quota per event(30,60,90,120 and 180 mm)were set for each lower limit.We found that the increase of drought stress is conducive to normal photosynthesis of winter wheat leaves which is supported by the following findings.First,photosynthetic rate(Pn)of LD60 treatment was higher than that of LD30,LD90,LD120,LD180,MD30,MD60,MD90,MD120 and MD180.Then,Under the 90 mm irrigation quota treatment,the yield of winter wheat basically increased with the increase of irrigation’s lower limit.Moreover,With the increase in irrigation quota,the yield of winter wheat increased,and the water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat increased at first and then decreased.In addition,compared with the LD30,MD30,MD60,MD90,MD120,and MD180,the yield of winter wheat in LD60 treatment increased by about 3.23%(3-year average),32.3%,19.9%,11.7%,10.1%,and 14.6%.At the same time,the WUE with LD60 treatment of winter wheat was significantly higher than LD90,LD120,LD180,MD30,MD60,MD90,MD120,MD180 treatments.There was a positive correlation between soil volumetric water content and Pn and between yield and Pn.The key period for yield formation in winter wheat is 180 days after sowing.In conclusion,to achieve the dual goals of stable winter wheat yield and efficient utilization of water resources in this region,the suitable threshold for initiating deficit irrigation of winter wheat is the LD60 treatment.This conclusion provides data support for water-saving and stable yield of winter wheat in this area.

不同滴灌定额对玉米花后叶片光合性状及籽粒生长发育的影响

为探讨玉米应对不同滴灌定额的生理响应机制,在控制条件下开展2 a池栽试验,以2个具有耐旱性差异的玉米品种为材料,设置CK1(耐旱型品种、500 mm)、T1(耐旱型品种、350 mm)、T2(耐旱型品种、200 mm)、CK2(干旱敏感型品种、500 mm)、T3(干旱敏感型品种、350 mm)和T4(干旱敏感型品种、200 mm)6个处理,分析玉米叶片光合、叶绿素荧光、光合响应特性及籽粒灌浆特性、籽粒中激素含量、淀粉合成酶活性、产量的变化。结果显示,随滴灌定额减少玉米R3期叶片净光合速率(Pn)等4项光合参数、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)等4项叶绿素荧光参数均呈下降趋势,气孔限制百分率(Ls)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈增加趋势。玉米叶片表观量子效率(AQE)等10项光合响应相关参数均随滴灌定额减少而下降,CK1、T1与CK2处理光补偿点(LCP)与光饱和点(LSP)、CO_(2)补偿点(CCP)与CO_(2)饱和点(CSP)间差值范围较其他处理大。籽粒灌浆速率在开花后25 d达到峰值,T2和T4处理较CK1和CK2处理显著下降。随滴灌定额减少籽粒中细胞分裂素(CTK)、生长素(IAA)含量下降,脱落酸(ABA)含量增加。T2和T4处理籽粒中酸性蔗糖转化酶、蔗糖合酶、淀粉合成酶与腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性均较CK1和CK2处理显著下降。玉米产量随滴灌定额减少而显著下降,T1处理较CK1处理仅下降3.45%~4.51%。T1处理与CK1和CK2处理在上述指标间均无显著差异。采用T1处理的玉米叶片仍能维持光合性能和光系统Ⅱ结构,增强叶片对光与CO_(2)适应能力,玉米籽粒相关激素含量和淀粉合成相关酶活性增加,有效调控了籽粒生长发育及灌浆进程,玉米产量及其构成因素均表现较佳。

Impacts of Total Energy Consumption Control and Energy Quota Allocation on China′s Regional Economy Based on A 30-region Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.

Application and Analysis of Quota Design in EPC General Contract Project

EPC general contract project includes design, procurement, construction and other links. The quota design in the design link is the first procedure of EPC general contract project. It is a major measure of cost control in the design stage, and also the key to control investment and determine the success or failure of the whole project, playing a crucial role in the whole project. By analyzing the role of quota design in EPC general contract project and related control means and determining the target value from the quota design, the design is constantly improved and optimized in each stage to avoid investment risks and misunderstandings, and the effectiveness of quota design in the whole EPC general contract project is effectively improved to increase its internal application value and comprehensively improve the level of project investment control and management, thereby consolidating the core competitiveness of EPC general contract project in the whole market competition.

Export Quotas on Bidding for Equal Competition

The Trial Methods of Export Quotas on Bidding was promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in February 1994. It is an important step in deepening reform of the foreign trade system. The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation is responsible for supervision and instruction over the commodities

Overall Planning of Public Power and Expression of Private Rights in Cross-regional Trading of Construction Land Quotas

In China, the trading of construction land quotas has undergone an institutional evolution process characterized by gradual deregulation.In 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) resolved to develop a national cross-regional trading mechanism for construction land quotas.Construction land quotas, which have attributes of both public power and private rights, share certain common grounds with the rights of land development, dumping and carbon emission.To build a national trading market for construction land quotas, it is necessary to make clarifications and innovations in macro-level ideas, meso-level mechanisms, and micro-level designs.

2019 rare earths quotas released

MIIT and the Ministry of Natural Resources jointly released the 2019 national rare earths quotas recently.The mining quota for 2019 was 132,000 tons and the smelting&separation quota was127,000 tons.That is a 10%increase from last year's 120,000 tons and 115,000 tons,the"highest quota ever".This also implies a mining quota of 72,000 tons in the second half of 2019,up more than 54%from a year earlier,and the smelting&separation quota of 69,500 tons in the second half.

Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Issued Seven Industrial Water Quotas Including Papermaking

On December 30^(th), 2020, in order to further promote water conservation, Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a notice on seven industrial water quotas including papermaking, and the quota standard was came into effect on March 1^(st), 2021.

紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌水均匀性与适宜灌溉定额研究

研究主要探究不同灌溉方式紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌水均匀性差距,并提出适宜的灌水定额。采用田间试验,设3个地下滴灌灌水定额(20、25、30 mm),2个埋设深度(10、20 cm)和2个滴头流量(1.38、2.0 L/h),研究了滴灌带流量、埋深在不同紫花苜蓿生育期内的灌水均匀度差异,同时进一步探究了不同灌水处理对紫花苜蓿株高、产量等参数的影响。滴灌带滴头流量对滴灌灌水均匀性的影响相对较大。在相同的滴灌带滴头流量下,滴灌带埋设深度10 cm与20 cm对滴灌灌水均匀系数影响不显著。当耗水量为456.69 mm时,紫花苜蓿干草产量最大,为12847.78 kg/hm-2。基于节水效果、产量和高效等多生产因素的综合考虑,建议鄂尔多斯鄂托克前旗地区紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌水定额为25 mm,灌水12~14次。

China hikes first rare earth quota of 2022 by 20% to meet surging new energy demand

China has set the first batch of rare earth mining quota for 2022 at 100,800 tons, up about 20% compared with that in 2021, with the smelting & separation quota at 97,200 tons.Quotas for the first half of 2021 were set at 84,000 tons for mining and 81,000 tons for smelting & separation. An independent industrial analyst said that the 20% jump was mainly due to China’s surging demand for Nd Fe B magnets, amid the new energy push in China.

The first batch rare earth mining quota for 2020 released

Recently,the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Notice on Issuing Total Exploitation Control Quota of Tungsten Mine and Rare Earth Mine(First Batch)for 2020.According to the announcement,the first batch of quota for rare earths is set at 66,000 tons,about half the annual quota for 2019.This marks an increase from the 60,000-tonne quota for the first batch of 2019.