Genotyping of strains of Yersinia pestis from Marmota baibacina-Spermophilus undulates Plague Focus of Tianshan Mountains in China

The aim of this study is to carry out genotyping of 61 Y. pestts strmns tsolated trom lwarmota baibacina-Spermophilus undulates Plague Focus of Tianshan Mountains in China. Primer pairs targeting the 22 DFRs were designed for detecting the genotypes of 61 strains. As a result, 61 strains of Y. pestis were divided into four genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Genotypes 1, 2 and 3 were found from west part in Northern Tianshan Mountains Plague Focus, but type 1 was only from Nileke county. The type of strains from Aheqi was different from those of Atushi counties in Southern Tianshan Mountains and similar to strains in Northern Tianshan Mountains Plague Focus. The type 4 distributed over Atushi county, which was identical with that of strains from Marmota caudae Plague Focus of the Pamiri Plateau. It is concluded that geonotyping is identical with ecotyping made by Shuli Ji. Tianshan Mountains Plague Focus and Marmota caudae Plague Focus of the Pamiri Plateau have a cross spreading profile.

哈尔滨郊区人为鼠疫疫源地蚤类种群动态分析

198 2～ 1999年对黑龙江省哈尔滨郊区人为鼠疫疫源地达乌尔黄鼠Spermophilusdauricus巢蚤、体蚤、洞干蚤指数和染蚤率进行了调查和分析。共获蚤 9种 ,其中方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种Citellophiustesquorumsungaris是优势种 (89 39%) ,其次为二齿新蚤Neopsyllabidentatiformis (10 37%)。 3类蚤指数、染蚤率的均值差异均显著 (P <0 0 1)。巢蚤与体蚤指数相关显著 (P <0 0 5 )。巢蚤指数∶体蚤指数∶洞干蚤指数≈ 6 5 0∶140∶1;巢染蚤率∶体染蚤率∶洞干染蚤率≈ 16 5∶88∶1。

青藏铁路沿线青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地调查

目的调查青藏铁路沿线青海田鼠鼠疫流行情况，掌握青藏铁路沿线动物鼠疫的流行规律。方法调查青海田鼠的分布、密度、活动规律、青藏铁路沿线兽类及蚤类组成，并对可检材料进行鼠疫细菌学及血清学检验。结果青海田鼠在昆仑山以南至开心岭约300km长的铁路线两侧10km内呈广泛、散在、低密度分布，平均密度为49只／hm^2，分布面积约100km^2；该地区兽类有5目10科13属15种，蚤类有4科10属15种；青海田鼠平均蚤指数为0．11，巢穴染蚤率为100％；捕获761只青海田鼠，鼠疫细菌学检验为阴性；采集210份青海田鼠血清。鼠疫血清学检验为阴性；在青海田鼠分布区内检测到犬鼠疫阳性血清3份。结论目前尚不能确认该地区是否存在青海田鼠鼠疫流行，要确认青海田鼠鼠疫的存在还有待于深入调查。

哈尔滨郊区人为鼠疫疫源地鼠类种群动态分析

根据黑龙江省哈尔滨市郊区人为鼠疫疫源地１９５２～１９９６年达乌尔黄鼠密度监测资料，建立了黄鼠密度的自回归模型Ｄｔ＝０１３７４＋１１３０２Ｄｔ－１－０４７５４Ｄｔ－２＋０８０３３Ｄｔ－３－０４６８０Ｄｔ－４，对１９９７～２０００年的密度进行了预测。１９５２～１９８０年，人工捕黄鼠率极为显著地影响黄鼠密度（Ｐ＜０００１）。在该地区，１９８２～１９９６年共捕啮齿动物６种，其中黄鼠和大仓鼠为野外优势种，褐家鼠为室内优势种，其余为常见种。大仓鼠、黑线仓鼠、黑线姬鼠均与夜行鼠总捕获率正相关（Ｐ＜００１），逐步回归模型为总捕获率＝０５２１９＋１１７３３大仓鼠＋１０３１２黑线仓鼠＋１１２７３小家鼠＋０９２４２褐家鼠（Ｐ＜００００１）。黄鼠密度与捕获率不相关（Ｐ＞０１０）。

小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地分布及特征研究

目的了解小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地动物中的种间带菌分布情况及其特征,为我国小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的研究提供科学的参考数据。方法在达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地内选择牧区、半农半牧区和农区3个不同生态环境,分别采集鼠类、家畜家禽动物的粪便、舌根、咽拭子及肠道内容物等样本,进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分离、鉴定和毒力基因检测。结果共检测各类样本3 260份,检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌65株,总检出率为1.99%;猪的带菌率最高,其携带O∶3/3、O∶5/1A、O∶4/4 3个血清生物型;其中O∶3/3型致病性菌株携带ail、ystA、yadA、VirF、rfbc毒力基因;且在牧区、半农半牧区、农区的样本均可检出阳性菌,以农区最高,检出率为9.95%。结论小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在内蒙古达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地中分布较广,以农区为重;猪是致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的主要携带者。

黄鼠鼠疫疫源地多媒体信息系统的设计与实现

目的为鼠疫控制、科研提供全面、快捷、准确的信息和方法,以期防治水平再上一个新台阶。方法利用多媒体系统开发技术,使用VB6.0和专用基于流程图的多媒体制作工具Authorware进行编程,对所有有关图形、图像、声音和文字资料进行组合,整体调试。结果建成了20个数据库,完成了相关语音、图像的输入,实现了语音、图像、数据的一体化。结论建立了黄鼠鼠疫疫源地多媒体信息系统。

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in the natural plague foci of Chinese Mongolian gerbils based on spatial autocorrelation

Background:The nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus is a critical indicator for the prevention and control of plague,which can be used not only to detect the spatial and temporal distributions of Meriones unguiculatus,but also to reveal its cluster rule.This research detected the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the plague natural foci of Mongolian gerbils by body flea index from 2005 to 2014,in order to predict plague outbreaks.Methods:Global spatial autocorrelation was used to describe the entire spatial distribution pattern of the body flea index in the natural plague foci of typical Chinese Mongolian gerbils.Cluster and outlier analysis and hot spot analysis were also used to detect the intensity of clusters based on geographic information system methods.The quantity of M.unguiculatus nest fleas in the sentinel surveillance sites from 2005 to 2014 and host density data of the study area from 2005 to 2010 used in this study were provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Results:The epidemic focus regions of the Mongolian gerbils remain the same as the hot spot regions relating to the body flea index.High clustering areas possess a similar pattern as the distribution pattern of the body flea index indicating that the transmission risk of plague is relatively high.In terms of time series,the area of the epidemic focus gradually increased from 2005 to 2007,declined rapidly in 2008 and 2009,and then decreased slowly and began trending towards stability from 2009 to 2014.For the spatial change,the epidemic focus regions began moving northward from the southwest epidemic focus of the Mongolian gerbils from 2005 to 2007,and then moved from north to south in 2007 and 2008.Conclusions:The body flea index of Chinese gerbil foci reveals significant spatial and temporal aggregation characteristics through the employing of spatial autocorrelation.The diversity of temporary and spatial distribution is mainly affected by seasonal variation,the human activity and natural factors.

我国鼠疫自然疫源地及疫情概况

中国鼠疫自然疫源地已知11种类型,分布在我国19个省(区)273个县(旗)。各疫源地的疫情态势、流行时间、强度、季节、范围差异悬殊。近20年,人、动物间疫情甚重。活跃性较强的有青藏高原旱獭鼠疫疫源地、西南黄胸鼠疫源地和内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地,偶发性疫源地是西北阿拉善黄鼠疫源地等,疫情稳定性疫源地有蒙古旱獭疫源地。疫情危重是动物间鼠疫。建国后,大部分疫源地均有不同程度的发生流行,直接威胁人类。

张掖地区喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫防治概况

目的总结40年张掖地区动物鼠疫的流行概况。方法鼠疫自然疫源调查、灭獭拨源和现在进行的鼠疫监测。结果在40年的时间里,从动物及媒介动物体内分离鼠疫菌221株。结论从当地动物(旱獭)、媒介动物的鼠疫菌检出情况看该地疫情比较活跃。