In this paper we propose three modes of alliance structures of supply chains and discuss the cooperation mechanisms among enterprises firstly, and by analyzing the dyadic supply chains we apply the game theory to the ...In this paper we propose three modes of alliance structures of supply chains and discuss the cooperation mechanisms among enterprises firstly, and by analyzing the dyadic supply chains we apply the game theory to the research on cooperative relation among enterprises respectively for the three modes of alliance structures of supply chains, point out the conditions on which the supply chains can be set up and steadily keep up for a long time, and scientifically interpret the cooperative relation among enterprises.展开更多
This paper analyzes the loan exit on relationship lending in China. We define the relationship lending and analyze the value that both banks and borrowers will obtain in relationship lending, as well as some risks the...This paper analyzes the loan exit on relationship lending in China. We define the relationship lending and analyze the value that both banks and borrowers will obtain in relationship lending, as well as some risks they will face, and then analyze the behaviors of loans exit with game theory. Our results suggest that, in general, relationship lending is helpful for the commercial banks and the enterprises to communicate information and enhance financing efficiency, while in the loan exit gaming, only when the decision of loan exit is made authentic promised by the banks, can the relationship lending effectively exert their positive function, and maintain the health cooperation between borrowers and lenders.展开更多
The Iberian hare(Lepus granatensis)is an endemic species distributed in Spain and Portugal.Myxomatosis outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain,spreading afterward.Aiming to...The Iberian hare(Lepus granatensis)is an endemic species distributed in Spain and Portugal.Myxomatosis outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain,spreading afterward.Aiming to evaluate factors affecting the status of hare population after the arrival of myxomatosis,we conducted 108 nocturnal hare counts in Central Spain during two study periods(winter/spring and summer/autumn)in 54 different hunting grounds,covering 1071 km and observing 884 individuals.The mean density in winter/spring was 7.66 hares/100 ha,(range 6.14-9.54/100 ha),while in summer/autumn,it was 3.4 hares/100 ha(range 2.6-4.4/100 ha).Densities of hares were not affected by the dominant habitat and the presence/absence of myxomatosis outbreaks.Hares were more abundant at hunting grounds at a higher altitude and in those conducting targeted management,while detection of myxomatosis was related to lower altitude and higher levels of game management.A MaxEnt model used to generate a risk map for myxomatosis occurrence showed that the temperature annual range was the most important predictor,which suggests that environmental factors affecting myxomatosis vectors(mosquitoes,fleas,and ticks)could play a key role in disease transmission.As myxomatosis in hares is becoming endemic,hare densities may be improved by game management and the monitoring and surveillance of this emerging disease.These surveillance programs could be the basis of effective collaborations between hunters,researchers,and environmental managers.展开更多
文摘In this paper we propose three modes of alliance structures of supply chains and discuss the cooperation mechanisms among enterprises firstly, and by analyzing the dyadic supply chains we apply the game theory to the research on cooperative relation among enterprises respectively for the three modes of alliance structures of supply chains, point out the conditions on which the supply chains can be set up and steadily keep up for a long time, and scientifically interpret the cooperative relation among enterprises.
文摘This paper analyzes the loan exit on relationship lending in China. We define the relationship lending and analyze the value that both banks and borrowers will obtain in relationship lending, as well as some risks they will face, and then analyze the behaviors of loans exit with game theory. Our results suggest that, in general, relationship lending is helpful for the commercial banks and the enterprises to communicate information and enhance financing efficiency, while in the loan exit gaming, only when the decision of loan exit is made authentic promised by the banks, can the relationship lending effectively exert their positive function, and maintain the health cooperation between borrowers and lenders.
基金We are grateful to all hunters and game managers who kindly participated in the study and helped in field work.Special thanks are given to the Hunters’and Coursing Federation of Castilla-La Mancha.We thank anonymous reviewers for their comments.This study was funded by Junta de Castilla-La Mancha and core funds from Fundación Artemisan.We are indebted to L.G.L.for her support,S.P.V.for compiling data of lagomorph hunting in Castilla-La Mancha,and the Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria de Algete for providing the outbreaks’information.
文摘The Iberian hare(Lepus granatensis)is an endemic species distributed in Spain and Portugal.Myxomatosis outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain,spreading afterward.Aiming to evaluate factors affecting the status of hare population after the arrival of myxomatosis,we conducted 108 nocturnal hare counts in Central Spain during two study periods(winter/spring and summer/autumn)in 54 different hunting grounds,covering 1071 km and observing 884 individuals.The mean density in winter/spring was 7.66 hares/100 ha,(range 6.14-9.54/100 ha),while in summer/autumn,it was 3.4 hares/100 ha(range 2.6-4.4/100 ha).Densities of hares were not affected by the dominant habitat and the presence/absence of myxomatosis outbreaks.Hares were more abundant at hunting grounds at a higher altitude and in those conducting targeted management,while detection of myxomatosis was related to lower altitude and higher levels of game management.A MaxEnt model used to generate a risk map for myxomatosis occurrence showed that the temperature annual range was the most important predictor,which suggests that environmental factors affecting myxomatosis vectors(mosquitoes,fleas,and ticks)could play a key role in disease transmission.As myxomatosis in hares is becoming endemic,hare densities may be improved by game management and the monitoring and surveillance of this emerging disease.These surveillance programs could be the basis of effective collaborations between hunters,researchers,and environmental managers.
