BACKGROUND Some patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease experience major adverse cardiac events(MACE)and require readmission after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG)surgery.This is often attributed to ...BACKGROUND Some patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease experience major adverse cardiac events(MACE)and require readmission after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG)surgery.This is often attributed to patients'unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits,inadequate understanding of the disease,and poor disease management compliance.Thus,searching for more targeted nursing intervention models that can enhance patients'self-management abilities and reduce the risk of readmission after CABG surgery is significant.AIM To observe the impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on patients after CABG surgery.METHODS A total of 103 patients who underwent CABG surgery in our hospital between April 2021 and April 2022 comprised the study sample.The patients were divided into two groups using an odd-even number grouping method.The control group received routine nursing care,while the case management group received specialized nursing outpatient case management.The differences in psychological status,adherence to medical treatment,self-care ability,knowledge mastery,quality of life scores,and the occurrence rate of MACE were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After the intervention,the case management group had lower scores on the selfrating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale and lower MACE rate,as well as higher scores for adherence to a healthy diet,medication adherence,good lifestyle habits,regular exercise,and timely follow-up,higher scores on the Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Scale,higher scores for managing adverse habits,symptoms,emotional cognition,emergency response,disease knowledge,general lifestyle,and treatment adherence,higher scores for understanding coronary heart disease,recognizing the importance of medication adherence,understanding selfcare points after CABG surgery,and being aware of post-CABG precautions,higher scores for physical well-being,disease condition,general health,social-psychological well-being,and work-related aspects(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Specialized nursing outpatient case management can enhance patient adherence to medical treatment,knowledge mastery,psychological well-being,and overall quality of life in patients after CABG surgery.展开更多
The health status of the floating elderly population and the need of community management ser-vices are complex and important problems.Owing to the change of living environment and the insecure medical care,the mobile...The health status of the floating elderly population and the need of community management ser-vices are complex and important problems.Owing to the change of living environment and the insecure medical care,the mobile elderly people have more health and psy-chological problems compared to the rest of the elderly population.Therefore,the community should take a va-riety of measures to meet their needs and help them to better adapt to the new living environment,and maintain their physical and mental health.This paper aims to sum-marize recent studies on the physical and emotional health problems of mobile elderly people and related community management service needs.展开更多
There are three species of bears in China, brown bear (Ursus arctos), black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus)and sun bear (Helarctos malayanus). From 1991 to 1994, the investigation of bears organized by CWCA (China wildl...There are three species of bears in China, brown bear (Ursus arctos), black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus)and sun bear (Helarctos malayanus). From 1991 to 1994, the investigation of bears organized by CWCA (China wildlifeConservation Association) was conducted in 22 provinces of China The rcsults showed that the distribution area of bearshad been changed from the continuous distribution to fragmentary. The distribution areas of threc species were 1imited to thearea of 2591427 km2, and the total number of population was reduced to 61686. The distribution area of black bear was625086 km2, the population size was 46528, average density was 0. 0714/km2 The distribution area of brown bear was1956691 km2, the population size was 14783, average density was 0. 0076/km2 The distribution area of sun bear was 9650km2; the population size was trom 350 to 400. There are 396 bear farms in China and the 6688 bears are being reared onthese bear farms 94.4% of them is black bears (3612), 4. 5% of them is brown bears (300); 1. 1 % of them is sun bears (10).The management of bears in China was discussed in this paper.展开更多
The high market demand for endeavour shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)has caused intensive fishing for this resource and tends to threaten their sustainability.Assessment of fishing dynamic and stock status of fisheri...The high market demand for endeavour shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)has caused intensive fishing for this resource and tends to threaten their sustainability.Assessment of fishing dynamic and stock status of fisheries resource is the main point to formulate its proper sustainable management in the future.The purpose of this study was to determine the stock status of endeavour shrimp in the Bombana and its surrounding waters.The study was conducted from April to November 2021 using a survey method to analyze the length at first capture(L_(c)),length at first maturity(L_(m)),growth rate(K),maximum theoretical carapace length(Loo),and mortality rate such as total mortality rate(Z),fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M).The study results revealed that the endeavour shrimp growth pattern in Bombana was negative allometric and that the ratio of males and females was not balanced.The length at first capture(L_(c))was 29.83 mm(carapace length)and the length at first maturity(L_(m))was at a total carapace length of 31.67 mm.The growth rate(K)was 1.0 per year and maximum theoretical length(L_(∞))was 46.2 mm.The estimate total mortality rate(Z)was 2.52 per year,the fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M)were 0.91 per year and 1.61 per year respectively.The exploitation rate(E)was 0.36 per year,therefore the stock status is not categorized overfishing.In order to ensure the sustainability of the endeavour shrimp,then the effort must be increased by about 28%of the current effort.展开更多
The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which...The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which can improve the objectivity,reliability,authenticity and fairness of enterprise human resource management,give full play to the promotion of human resource management to the development of enterprise operations,and help enterprises achieve development and manage-ment goals.展开更多
Intensive care unit(ICU)needs professional nursing staff with high professionalism to ensure the quality of nursing work and ensure patient's safety.However,low-age nurses play an important role in the ICU care te...Intensive care unit(ICU)needs professional nursing staff with high professionalism to ensure the quality of nursing work and ensure patient's safety.However,low-age nurses play an important role in the ICU care team.In this study the authors reviewed the relevant literature,summarized the basic characteristics and training methods of ICU low-grade nurses,and analyzed the insecure factors and management strategies of ICU low-grade nurses.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the higher vocational student status management under the perspective of procedural justice. The main task of higher vocational education is to develop production, construction, m...In this paper, we conduct research on the higher vocational student status management under the perspective of procedural justice. The main task of higher vocational education is to develop production, construction, management and service of fi rst-line high-skilled applied talents. Higher vocational colleges must according to the talent market demand to set up the professional, training target, teaching content, to the talent market for applied talents’ with high skill specific requirements embodied in the culture type, specification, and the teaching content. One’s status as a student, it is to point to upon passing the entrance examination, offi cial admission the admission formalities in basic accordance with the relevant provisions, report to qualified students after registration. Management refers to the school in accordance with relevant state policies, laws and regulations for students from entrance to graduation during the management of the implementation of the training process. Our research proposes the new perspective on the issues that will be necessary.展开更多
This paper introduces the development status of moderate-scale management of grain and oil in Nanchong,analyzes the existing problems in production and management,puts forward some suggestions in terms of fund,science...This paper introduces the development status of moderate-scale management of grain and oil in Nanchong,analyzes the existing problems in production and management,puts forward some suggestions in terms of fund,science and technology and industrial structure,and lists some cases for reference,so as to provide a direction for the operation of grain and oil in Nanchong.展开更多
The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this s...The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO2e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China.展开更多
Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and ...Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and fisheries. During the past 30 years rapid industrialization and urbanization took place resulting in occurrence of various environmental problems.In an attempt to establish a better environment condition towards 21st century Chiba Prefecture has made Environmental Plan which all the municipal governments, enterprises and inhabitants should observe to realize better environment.展开更多
The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, genera- tion and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building ...The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, genera- tion and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building waste management, including control of the sources, reduction of the integrated process and final disposal, are proposed in view of the problems existing in recovery of the building wastes and the experiences from the developed countries.展开更多
Objectives: To review the clinical character, the management and outcome of status epilepticus in children. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective review of 54 cases treated between 1996 and 1997 at the Royal Alexa...Objectives: To review the clinical character, the management and outcome of status epilepticus in children. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective review of 54 cases treated between 1996 and 1997 at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, Australia. Among the variables collected for analysis in this study were age, sex, etiology of status epilepticus, median length of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) stay and days of mechanical ventilation, and mortality of status epilepticus. Results: Of the patients with status epilepticus, 61% were male and 39% female, with an age range of 3 months to 15 years (mean 5.3 years). The etiology of status epilepticus is largely age related, with acute causes common in 1 - 3 year and 4 - 7 year ages, 44 cases (81.5%). The etiology of status epilepticus included febrile (35.18%), acute symptomatic (27.58%) and idiopathic (16.6%), total was 44 cases (81.4%). Median length of PICU stay and days of mechanical ventilation were 3.02 ± 1.6 days and 1.24 ± 0.5 days respectively. Mortality was 5.3%. Most patients were treated with diazepam and phenytoin. The total number of the patients with a favorable outcome was 41 (75.89%). Conclusions: One of the most common neurologic emergencies in children of status epilepticus remains a major problem in morbidity and mortality. There are multiple causes of status epilepticus that include the categories of idiopathic, febrile, acute symptomatic and remote symptomatic. Intravenously administered phenytoin and diazepam remains the first-line therapy for status epilepticus. Most of the patients will respond to this treatment. The etiology of status epilepticus included febrile (35.18%), acute symptomatic (27.58%), idiopathic (16.6%) and total was 44 (81.4%).展开更多
Illegal logging has become a serious problem in forest management in ASEAN. In the paper, the illegal logging status in ASEAN is introduced, and it is sure that Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia ...Illegal logging has become a serious problem in forest management in ASEAN. In the paper, the illegal logging status in ASEAN is introduced, and it is sure that Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia are production countries, Thailand and Vietnam are the processing countries, and Philippines, Singapore are consumer countries in the whole supply chain of illegal logging. As well, the trade flows of illegal forest products of ASEAN are checked, the cause of illegal logging and its producing impacts are assessed. To tackle illegal logging, one feasible way is to design ecological supply chain to supervise illegal logging process, and under the concept of ecological supply chain, the production countries, processing countries and consumer countries should take actions together. Non-ASEAN countries should improve border control, introduce public procurement policies, promote market-based instruments, and strengthen international cooperation. For ASEAN countries, they should establish cooperation mechanisms within the region, take a unified action, increase governance capacity and promote legality verification or sustainability certification.展开更多
With the increasingly deepened sustainable development concept in China, the logistics industry is undergoing transformation toward green logistic, requiring relevant logistics companies to fully strengthen green logi...With the increasingly deepened sustainable development concept in China, the logistics industry is undergoing transformation toward green logistic, requiring relevant logistics companies to fully strengthen green logistics management to accelerate the sustainable development of the logistics industry. This paper is focused on the analysis of green logistics management in the context of sustainable development. The meaning of green logistics management is firstly introduced, and then the importance of green logistics management is discussed. According to the current status of green logistics management, this paper proposes relevant management countermeasures, hoping to provide relevant personnel with certain reference.展开更多
Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest spe...Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thrips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests.展开更多
The major faced problems at present in Yangtze river basin are: ① uneffective control in river water pollution threatens seriously the safety of drinking water; ② shrinkage of lake area and serious eutrophication; ...The major faced problems at present in Yangtze river basin are: ① uneffective control in river water pollution threatens seriously the safety of drinking water; ② shrinkage of lake area and serious eutrophication; ③ soil-water losses degraded the ecological environment of the basin; ④ the impact of TGP and S-N water transfer project on water environment of the basin. In the light of above-mentioned problems, water resources utilization strategy must be adjusted and the sustainable social and economic development should be supported by sustainable water resources utilization, and it is necessary to take the following countermeasures: ① establishing overall flood control and disaster relief system; ② developing high water use efficiency agriculture; ③ taking "giving priority to water saving on the basis of pollution control" as urban water resources utilization strategy; ④ implementing comprehensive pollution control strategy with sources control as main point; ⑤ guaranteing water demand of the ecological environment; ⑥implementing the strategy of maintaining water resources supply and demand balance on the basis of water demand management; ⑦ studying countermeasures for the ecological and environmental impacts of trans-basin water transfer and western China devolopment. The key of realization of sustainable water resources utilization is to reform management and investment mechanism of water resources and water price policy. It is the only way to solve the water resources problems in Yangtze river basin as well as the whole China.展开更多
Background Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the...Background Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the effect of these programs in daily outpatient clinics is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the management status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and factors associated with it in diabetes clinics of tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Control criteria were defined based on 2007 China guideline for type 2 diabetes (CGT2D). Results A sample of 1151 patients, age (60.8±9.2) years, and with a median disease duration of 7.3 years was included. The hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) mean level was (7.15±1.50)%, the percentage of patients achieving the targets for HbAlc was 37.8%, blood pressure 65.6%, triglyceride (TG) 48.8%, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 59.2%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 34.0%, and total cholesterol (TC) 42.0%. The factors independently associated with glycemic control were diabetes duration (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.919-0.982, P 〈0.01), body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.914, 95% CI: 0.854-0.979, P=0.01) and smoking (OR=0.391, 95% Ch 0.197-0.778, P〈0.01). The factors independently associated with blood pressure control were BMI (OR=0.915, 95% Ch 0.872-0.960, P 〈0.01) and male gender (OR=0.624, 95% CI: 0.457-0.852, P 〈0.01). The factor independently associated with LDL control was education level (OR=1.429, 95% Ch 1.078-1.896, P=0.013). Conclusions The management status of T2DM patients in tertiary hospitals in Beijing has improved remarkably. However, there is still room for further improvement to reach the guideline target. Long diabetes duration, high BMI, smoking, male gender and low education level were independently associated with poor metabolic control.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Some patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease experience major adverse cardiac events(MACE)and require readmission after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG)surgery.This is often attributed to patients'unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits,inadequate understanding of the disease,and poor disease management compliance.Thus,searching for more targeted nursing intervention models that can enhance patients'self-management abilities and reduce the risk of readmission after CABG surgery is significant.AIM To observe the impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on patients after CABG surgery.METHODS A total of 103 patients who underwent CABG surgery in our hospital between April 2021 and April 2022 comprised the study sample.The patients were divided into two groups using an odd-even number grouping method.The control group received routine nursing care,while the case management group received specialized nursing outpatient case management.The differences in psychological status,adherence to medical treatment,self-care ability,knowledge mastery,quality of life scores,and the occurrence rate of MACE were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After the intervention,the case management group had lower scores on the selfrating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale and lower MACE rate,as well as higher scores for adherence to a healthy diet,medication adherence,good lifestyle habits,regular exercise,and timely follow-up,higher scores on the Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Scale,higher scores for managing adverse habits,symptoms,emotional cognition,emergency response,disease knowledge,general lifestyle,and treatment adherence,higher scores for understanding coronary heart disease,recognizing the importance of medication adherence,understanding selfcare points after CABG surgery,and being aware of post-CABG precautions,higher scores for physical well-being,disease condition,general health,social-psychological well-being,and work-related aspects(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Specialized nursing outpatient case management can enhance patient adherence to medical treatment,knowledge mastery,psychological well-being,and overall quality of life in patients after CABG surgery.
文摘The health status of the floating elderly population and the need of community management ser-vices are complex and important problems.Owing to the change of living environment and the insecure medical care,the mobile elderly people have more health and psy-chological problems compared to the rest of the elderly population.Therefore,the community should take a va-riety of measures to meet their needs and help them to better adapt to the new living environment,and maintain their physical and mental health.This paper aims to sum-marize recent studies on the physical and emotional health problems of mobile elderly people and related community management service needs.
文摘There are three species of bears in China, brown bear (Ursus arctos), black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus)and sun bear (Helarctos malayanus). From 1991 to 1994, the investigation of bears organized by CWCA (China wildlifeConservation Association) was conducted in 22 provinces of China The rcsults showed that the distribution area of bearshad been changed from the continuous distribution to fragmentary. The distribution areas of threc species were 1imited to thearea of 2591427 km2, and the total number of population was reduced to 61686. The distribution area of black bear was625086 km2, the population size was 46528, average density was 0. 0714/km2 The distribution area of brown bear was1956691 km2, the population size was 14783, average density was 0. 0076/km2 The distribution area of sun bear was 9650km2; the population size was trom 350 to 400. There are 396 bear farms in China and the 6688 bears are being reared onthese bear farms 94.4% of them is black bears (3612), 4. 5% of them is brown bears (300); 1. 1 % of them is sun bears (10).The management of bears in China was discussed in this paper.
文摘The high market demand for endeavour shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)has caused intensive fishing for this resource and tends to threaten their sustainability.Assessment of fishing dynamic and stock status of fisheries resource is the main point to formulate its proper sustainable management in the future.The purpose of this study was to determine the stock status of endeavour shrimp in the Bombana and its surrounding waters.The study was conducted from April to November 2021 using a survey method to analyze the length at first capture(L_(c)),length at first maturity(L_(m)),growth rate(K),maximum theoretical carapace length(Loo),and mortality rate such as total mortality rate(Z),fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M).The study results revealed that the endeavour shrimp growth pattern in Bombana was negative allometric and that the ratio of males and females was not balanced.The length at first capture(L_(c))was 29.83 mm(carapace length)and the length at first maturity(L_(m))was at a total carapace length of 31.67 mm.The growth rate(K)was 1.0 per year and maximum theoretical length(L_(∞))was 46.2 mm.The estimate total mortality rate(Z)was 2.52 per year,the fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M)were 0.91 per year and 1.61 per year respectively.The exploitation rate(E)was 0.36 per year,therefore the stock status is not categorized overfishing.In order to ensure the sustainability of the endeavour shrimp,then the effort must be increased by about 28%of the current effort.
文摘The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which can improve the objectivity,reliability,authenticity and fairness of enterprise human resource management,give full play to the promotion of human resource management to the development of enterprise operations,and help enterprises achieve development and manage-ment goals.
文摘Intensive care unit(ICU)needs professional nursing staff with high professionalism to ensure the quality of nursing work and ensure patient's safety.However,low-age nurses play an important role in the ICU care team.In this study the authors reviewed the relevant literature,summarized the basic characteristics and training methods of ICU low-grade nurses,and analyzed the insecure factors and management strategies of ICU low-grade nurses.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the higher vocational student status management under the perspective of procedural justice. The main task of higher vocational education is to develop production, construction, management and service of fi rst-line high-skilled applied talents. Higher vocational colleges must according to the talent market demand to set up the professional, training target, teaching content, to the talent market for applied talents’ with high skill specific requirements embodied in the culture type, specification, and the teaching content. One’s status as a student, it is to point to upon passing the entrance examination, offi cial admission the admission formalities in basic accordance with the relevant provisions, report to qualified students after registration. Management refers to the school in accordance with relevant state policies, laws and regulations for students from entrance to graduation during the management of the implementation of the training process. Our research proposes the new perspective on the issues that will be necessary.
文摘This paper introduces the development status of moderate-scale management of grain and oil in Nanchong,analyzes the existing problems in production and management,puts forward some suggestions in terms of fund,science and technology and industrial structure,and lists some cases for reference,so as to provide a direction for the operation of grain and oil in Nanchong.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation [Grant number: 71573145, 71203120]National Key R&D Program of China [Grant number: 2016YFA0602702].
文摘The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO2e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China.
文摘Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and fisheries. During the past 30 years rapid industrialization and urbanization took place resulting in occurrence of various environmental problems.In an attempt to establish a better environment condition towards 21st century Chiba Prefecture has made Environmental Plan which all the municipal governments, enterprises and inhabitants should observe to realize better environment.
文摘The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, genera- tion and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building waste management, including control of the sources, reduction of the integrated process and final disposal, are proposed in view of the problems existing in recovery of the building wastes and the experiences from the developed countries.
文摘Objectives: To review the clinical character, the management and outcome of status epilepticus in children. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective review of 54 cases treated between 1996 and 1997 at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, Australia. Among the variables collected for analysis in this study were age, sex, etiology of status epilepticus, median length of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) stay and days of mechanical ventilation, and mortality of status epilepticus. Results: Of the patients with status epilepticus, 61% were male and 39% female, with an age range of 3 months to 15 years (mean 5.3 years). The etiology of status epilepticus is largely age related, with acute causes common in 1 - 3 year and 4 - 7 year ages, 44 cases (81.5%). The etiology of status epilepticus included febrile (35.18%), acute symptomatic (27.58%) and idiopathic (16.6%), total was 44 cases (81.4%). Median length of PICU stay and days of mechanical ventilation were 3.02 ± 1.6 days and 1.24 ± 0.5 days respectively. Mortality was 5.3%. Most patients were treated with diazepam and phenytoin. The total number of the patients with a favorable outcome was 41 (75.89%). Conclusions: One of the most common neurologic emergencies in children of status epilepticus remains a major problem in morbidity and mortality. There are multiple causes of status epilepticus that include the categories of idiopathic, febrile, acute symptomatic and remote symptomatic. Intravenously administered phenytoin and diazepam remains the first-line therapy for status epilepticus. Most of the patients will respond to this treatment. The etiology of status epilepticus included febrile (35.18%), acute symptomatic (27.58%), idiopathic (16.6%) and total was 44 (81.4%).
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 13BGL101)financial support from Jiangsu Education Administration Bureau
文摘Illegal logging has become a serious problem in forest management in ASEAN. In the paper, the illegal logging status in ASEAN is introduced, and it is sure that Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia are production countries, Thailand and Vietnam are the processing countries, and Philippines, Singapore are consumer countries in the whole supply chain of illegal logging. As well, the trade flows of illegal forest products of ASEAN are checked, the cause of illegal logging and its producing impacts are assessed. To tackle illegal logging, one feasible way is to design ecological supply chain to supervise illegal logging process, and under the concept of ecological supply chain, the production countries, processing countries and consumer countries should take actions together. Non-ASEAN countries should improve border control, introduce public procurement policies, promote market-based instruments, and strengthen international cooperation. For ASEAN countries, they should establish cooperation mechanisms within the region, take a unified action, increase governance capacity and promote legality verification or sustainability certification.
文摘With the increasingly deepened sustainable development concept in China, the logistics industry is undergoing transformation toward green logistic, requiring relevant logistics companies to fully strengthen green logistics management to accelerate the sustainable development of the logistics industry. This paper is focused on the analysis of green logistics management in the context of sustainable development. The meaning of green logistics management is firstly introduced, and then the importance of green logistics management is discussed. According to the current status of green logistics management, this paper proposes relevant management countermeasures, hoping to provide relevant personnel with certain reference.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2009CB119004)the National Special Fund for the Commonweal Agricultural Research of China (200903032)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System, China (Nycytx-35-gw27)
文摘Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thrips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests.
文摘The major faced problems at present in Yangtze river basin are: ① uneffective control in river water pollution threatens seriously the safety of drinking water; ② shrinkage of lake area and serious eutrophication; ③ soil-water losses degraded the ecological environment of the basin; ④ the impact of TGP and S-N water transfer project on water environment of the basin. In the light of above-mentioned problems, water resources utilization strategy must be adjusted and the sustainable social and economic development should be supported by sustainable water resources utilization, and it is necessary to take the following countermeasures: ① establishing overall flood control and disaster relief system; ② developing high water use efficiency agriculture; ③ taking "giving priority to water saving on the basis of pollution control" as urban water resources utilization strategy; ④ implementing comprehensive pollution control strategy with sources control as main point; ⑤ guaranteing water demand of the ecological environment; ⑥implementing the strategy of maintaining water resources supply and demand balance on the basis of water demand management; ⑦ studying countermeasures for the ecological and environmental impacts of trans-basin water transfer and western China devolopment. The key of realization of sustainable water resources utilization is to reform management and investment mechanism of water resources and water price policy. It is the only way to solve the water resources problems in Yangtze river basin as well as the whole China.
文摘Background Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the effect of these programs in daily outpatient clinics is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the management status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and factors associated with it in diabetes clinics of tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Control criteria were defined based on 2007 China guideline for type 2 diabetes (CGT2D). Results A sample of 1151 patients, age (60.8±9.2) years, and with a median disease duration of 7.3 years was included. The hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) mean level was (7.15±1.50)%, the percentage of patients achieving the targets for HbAlc was 37.8%, blood pressure 65.6%, triglyceride (TG) 48.8%, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 59.2%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 34.0%, and total cholesterol (TC) 42.0%. The factors independently associated with glycemic control were diabetes duration (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.919-0.982, P 〈0.01), body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.914, 95% CI: 0.854-0.979, P=0.01) and smoking (OR=0.391, 95% Ch 0.197-0.778, P〈0.01). The factors independently associated with blood pressure control were BMI (OR=0.915, 95% Ch 0.872-0.960, P 〈0.01) and male gender (OR=0.624, 95% CI: 0.457-0.852, P 〈0.01). The factor independently associated with LDL control was education level (OR=1.429, 95% Ch 1.078-1.896, P=0.013). Conclusions The management status of T2DM patients in tertiary hospitals in Beijing has improved remarkably. However, there is still room for further improvement to reach the guideline target. Long diabetes duration, high BMI, smoking, male gender and low education level were independently associated with poor metabolic control.