The Task-Based Approach： Noticing and Attention Management Tasks to Enhance Written Production

The paper reports the results of a field study which was carried out at the Language Centre of the University of Naples and originated in the observation that learning the Italian language was not perceived by ab initio students as connected to their personal and academic experiences. The claim of this research is that a procedural syllabus based on texts and tasks facilitates both the acquisition of Italian as a foreign language and the integration of language and content. Each text proposed to the learners was accompanied and enhanced by pre-, while-, and production-tasks. A particular emphasis was assigned to noticing and attention management tasks in the pre and while phase Production tasks in a later phase favoured interlanguage development by combining representational structures with controlled attention. The method of the study was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach at any stage. Measures for written production during the course and to assess final exams were： Holistic Rating （fluency and creativity）, Accuracy Ratios （intelligibility index and error index）, and Complexity Ratios （dependent and coordinate clauses per t-units ratio and re-elaboration of a model or text type）. At the final exams, Texts and tasks learners outperformed non-texts and tasks learners. In conclusion, an input related to personal and/or academic interests, to be processed through tasks, allowed learners a rapid interlanguage change and development

Overall plan and design of the task management system of ternary optical computer

t In this paper an overall scheme of the task management system of ternary optical computer （TOC） is proposed, and the software architecture chart is given. The function and accomplishment of each module in the system are described in general. In addition, according to the aforementioned scheme a prototype of TOC task management system is implemented, and the feasibility, rationality and completeness of the scheme are verified via running and testing the prototype.

Net-Based Task Management System

In net-based collaborative design environment, design resources become more and more varied and complex. Besides common information management systems, design resources can be organized in connection with design activities. A set of activities and resources linked by logic relations can form a task. A task has at least one objective and can be broken down into smaller ones. So a design project can be separated into many subtasks forming a hierarchical structure. Task Management System (TMS) is designed to break down these tasks and assign certain resources to its related task nodes. As a result of decomposition, all design resources and activities could be managed via this system. Based on this idea, we realized a TMS which manages collaborative resources in web environment.

MAXIMIZING RESTORATION SUCCESS WHEN THE GOOD GROUND IS GONE

INTRODUCTION“The good ground is gone”often refers to the challenging nature of construction sites these days.Building on steeper slopes and within tighter boundaries while accelerat-ing construction schedules is adding to the challenge of construction managers.Often the revegetation and restoration is unfortunately not planned or timed for successful long-term vegetation success.Site soil conditions are frequently overlooked and the timing necessary for seed germination,expression,and establishment are rarely factors in determining the schedule of seeding applications for optimum results.All too often less than desired results or failure is the accepted outcome.This will increase the future maintenance costs and encourage the repeated“finger pointing”while seeking to blame one cause or another.Typically,this often-repeated process fails to address the fundamental causes and thereby rarely fixes the problems moving forward.In an effort to break out of this all too often repeated cycle,let’s break down the principle challenges and explore options for successful restoration of challenging sites.Successful,long-term revegetation starts with the soil.Without quality soil that takes years to accumulate naturally,revegetation efforts regularly fail or the outcomes are less than ideal.During construction,mining,and general land disturbing activities the soil will be degraded even while practicing the best topsoil harvesting and stock-piling management practices.Many areas where vegetation is desired are essentially mineral without any organic matter or biological activity.When available,stockpiled topsoil will also degrade;the environment within the pile will create conditions that microbes,essential for plant health,will be negatively affected.The longer the stripped soils are stockpiled,the more living organisms are lost.Recommendations and even requirements for limiting the depth of the pile to reduce the loss of ben-eficial microbes is rarely possible given the tight boundaries of project limits facing site operators.When the stockpile depth is able to be minimized,the pile must also be turned regularly to reduce the loss of the essential nutrient cycling microbiome present in healthy soils.