Accounting Objectives and Reporting System Construction of Managerial Accounting in China

The purpose of this paper is to propose an innovation system of managerial accounting reports, which is actually on the basis of accounting objectives. On the one hand, as managerial accounting is one important branch of accounting(the other important branch is financial accounting), some of its characters should be closely connected with accounting. On the other hand, managers need managerial accounting information for enterprise operation(especially for internal management control) decisions, so, managerial accounting should also be in accordance with the enterprise's operation and its management control. Therefore, combined with the existed research of accounting(especially financial accounting research) and for the development requirement of Chinese enterprises, this paper will mainly discuss the relation between accounting objectives and managerial accounting's system and put forward an idea of constructing an applicable reporting system of managerial accounting based on the operation mode in Chinese modern enterprises. This study will develop the accounting reports research(including external reports and internal reports) both in the field of theory and that of practice.

Value Creation of Business Process Management （BPM） and Managerial Accounting System （MAS）： A Case Study

This paper explores the value creation of business process management （BPM） and managerial accounting system （MAS） using a case study. The findings show that BPM shortens the management chain and increases the connections among functions in the organization by right reassignment. Accounting indicators in MAS provide necessary information about business processes, which assists performance evaluation in BPM, and meanwhile, incentive schemes give enough motives, which guide employees to take actions in accordance with the organizational strategies and processes＇ goals. The information effect and motive effect of MAS increase employees＇ work satisfaction and their cooperation with each other. In the end, the integration of BPM and MAS improves the organizational economic performance, thus creating value for the organization. The results explain the reason why so much BPM fails in practice, because right assignment, performance evaluation system, and incentive schemes constitute organizational architecture, which is critical to organizational value. Additionally, the value creation of BPM and MAS depends on their coordination with the external environment, the internal situation, and the organizational strategy. From the view of managerial accounting perspective, MAS not only changes with the organization development but also facilitates the organization development.

Gender and managerial competence:a comparison of male and female first-line nurse managers in Indonesia

Objective:First-line nurse managers are more likely to work according to gender beliefs and stereotypes,which may affect their managerial competence.This study is aimed at comparing managerial competence of male and female first-line nurse managers in public hospitals in Indonesia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive comparative approach with a cross-sectional survey with a total of 256 participants selected from 18 public hospitals.To measure managerial competence,the managerial competence scale for Indonesian first-line nurse managers was used.Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses using mean,standard deviation,and Independent t-test.Results:Managerial competence of male and female first-line nurse managers was not significantly different(P=0.555).Female nurse managers descriptively reported/received higher ranking in facilitating spiritual nursing care,managing self,staffing and professional development,utilizing informatics,and applying quality care improvement.Male nurse managers repor ted higher in leadership and financial management.Conclusions:Female and male first-line nurse managers should be treated equally for leadership and managerial development.

TMT Heterogeneity and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect of Managerial Discretion

Now the top management team and managerial discretion play an important role in driving the firms’development.This paper built a theoretical model to explore the effect of top management team heterogeneity on firm performance,and analyze the moderating role of managerial discretion.Based on the data of 167 listed firms from Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2019,this paper constructs a multiple regression model and tested the hypothesis.The empirical results show that gender heterogeneity,tenure heterogeneity and education level heterogeneity have a negative effect on firms performance.At the same time managerial discretion can partially moderates the relationship between the heterogeneity of top management team and firm performance,in which capital intensity and the firm size play a negative moderating role,and duality play a positive moderating role.According to the research results,this paper also puts forward corresponding suggestions to improve the firm performance.

The effects of managerial ability on firm performance and the mediating role of capital structure:evidence from Taiwan

This study utilizes mediation analysis and bootstrapping to analyze the mediating effect of capital structure on the association between managerial ability and firm performance.The dataset consists of 6384 firm-year observations from the Taiwan Residents electronics industry during 2005–2018.Our results indicate that(1)low(high)levels of debt are likely observed in firms with CEOs with high(low)ability,(2)managerial ability positively affects firm performance,and(3)capital structure mediates the positive relationship between managerial ability and firm performance.Overall,the findings may have limited generalizability due to the specific sample characteristics and provide convincing support for the importance of capital structure as a mediator in the managerial ability-firm performance nexus.Specifically,this study highlights the need for examining the effect of managerial ability on firm performance through a mediator.

Managerial Counseling

Management is relatively new science and at the new era, when not all managers of the organizations, the organizations need the services of counselor. The work of the counselors includes recommendations of changes in the organizations. Managerial eonsultancy can be assisted by external managerial counselors and by external managerial counselors. Most of the managers prefer the internal managerial counselors. There are seven steps of the counseling practice： Referral, Entry and Contracting, Problem Definition, Data Collection, Analysis and Diagnosis, Presentation and Recommendations, Agreeing on the Strategy Action, Implementation and Follow Up and Termination. Some of these steps are very important： the most important steps are the referral and the implementation and follow up. The counselors can leave the organization when they feel that the change is assimilated, but many times their work continues for a long time.

Merit and Evaluation Models for Managers in the National Health System： An Empirical Study

The national health system （NHS） complexity increase requires a review of the managerial human resources evaluation and recruiting methods, considering that nowadays doctors need to improve not just their clinical capabilities, but also managerial competences. At this end it is important to develop performances control models and to identify appropriate results indicators, with the aim of introducing an effective doctors selection system for managerial roles. The paper considers the Italian situation and tests the current evaluation and selection methods, by analysing the literature and the existing legislation and by interviewing experts. Moreover, in order to reach an innovative model, complex organizations have been taken into account as benchmarks. Three different categories of experts have been interviewed and texted： national health care organizations managers, companies managers, and business consultants. The 137 interviewed experts have been asked about four main questions concerning the evaluation for hiring managers as chief medical director, department director, and head of complex units. The conducted research suggests four different options in order to evaluate and to select heads of complex unit for the most strategic roles. By consequence, the analysis shows that required characteristics must be managerial attitudes as well as clinical capabilities.

Comparative Analysis of Managerial Ownership and Its Effect on Corporate Performance in Selected Asian and European Transition Economies

This paper analyzes determinants and consequences of managerial ownership within ownership structures of the selected European and Asian transition countries. Focus of the analysis is the influence of the specific unification of ownership and control on corporate performance. Findings in the paper are based on research that produced empirical data for Croatia which is subsequently compared with evidence from other Asian and European transition countries facing the same issues. Consequently, transitional ownership structures, influenced by actual privatization process, like emergent corporate governance mechanisms, highly concentrated ownership and undeveloped markets for corporate control are also described. Research findings show that direct or indirect managerial ownership are important phenomena in transition countries, research has also shown that stable and concentrated managerial ownership have positive effects on firms＇ profitability in the observed transitional environments.

Managerial Ethics-A Tool for Social Crises

Social progress is constantly influenced by corruption and clientelism. One of the major causes is slow activityfrom experts on theoretical and practical management. In their decisions, they are not sufficiently ready to react todynamism of innovations in technical disciplines and current theory and practice in management. Contemporaryphilosophy of management is based on maximising quantity, expecting to deal with quality in due course.Management is focused on quantitative values and disregards the significance of the unity between quantity andquality. This leads to lack of transparency within management and uncertain efficiency of the decision-makingprocess. Disintegration affects the cooperation between individual production and administration branches. Theacademic world sees ethics more as a theoretical discipline connected with social sciences. Many companies,however, have begun to realise the need for innovation as part of successful long-term enterprising and creatingethical relationships inside and outside the company. Corruption scandals and increasing economic crime show thatit is counterproductive to advance business environment without adhering to moral and ethical principles.

The role of trust in supervisor in participative budgeting systems

This study examined the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance as mediated by trust in supervisor and explored the moderating role of budget-goal difficulty on budget participation, trust in supervisor, and managerial performance. One-hundred-fifty-eight useful responses were drawn at random from subordinate managers of manufacturing companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The mediating effect of trust in supervisor was examined by path analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to examine the contingency effect of budget-goal difficulty on the mediating role of trust in supervisor between budget participation and performance. The findings support our hypotheses and demonstrate the mediating effect of trust in supervisor and the moderating effect of budget-goal difficulty.

Managerial Communication Competences for Knowledge Hybridization and Innovations： A Framework for Effective Knowledge Transfer in MNE Hotel Operating in Athens, Greece

The research investigates the role of managerial competences （MC） and knowledge dynamics for effective knowledge transfer （EKT） in an international market during the Greek economic crisis of 2007-2010. Like other economies, Greece faced a serious recession in 2009, which submerged the country into a major funding crisis and resulted in austerity measures. A Troika fund was obtained with the aim of precluding Greece from economic failure. The paper focuses on the managers＇ perspectives as to how new products and local opportunities are exploited via EKT in subsidiaries of multinational enterprise （/VINE） hotels operating in Athens, Greece. Semi-structured interviews with 15 general managers and practitioners of subsidiaries operating in Athens are used representing a range of different activities and sizes. The results identify how managerial communication competences underpin the process of inter- or intra-organizational KT between and within subsidiaries. The research highlights that there is a call to cultivate communication abilities, flexibility, a greater level of autonomy, and open door strategies with the purpose of turning knowledge into commercial ends, through organizational innovation and new product developments. Recently, there has been little focus on the practice influence of managerial and communication skills on the management of MNEs hotels in a competitive host country, of most previous studies estimating the call for competences rather than the genuine owning of these among managers and practitioners. This article sheds the light on a great number of promising activities to utilize inter/intra-organizational KT. Specifically, the managerial communication competences model operates as an initial toolkit for managerial decision-making when facing severe competition in the host country in terms of utilizing, communicating, or seeking to apply the best internal/external KT practices.

Managerial Compensation Program and Capital Structure： An Empirical Study of Brazilian Companies

The agency theory indicates the existence of costs as a way to mitigate conflicts between shareholders and managers, including： managerial compensation program, acquisition of shares by managers, monitoring of executives, and controlling shareholders. This study aims to determine the relevance of some variables related to compensation programs and of other determinants of the corporate debt level. It has considered a sample of 89 firms, which were analyzed through logistic regression （cross section）. The model created has indicated a level of predictive assertiveness of approximately 87%.

Tests on Business Failure Processes in Morocco: Organizational and Managerial Aspect

In Morocco,business failures will grow by 4%in 2019,according to the latest Euler Hermes report.The international credit insurer has placed Morocco in the category of countries that will suffer a deterioration.After Turkey,Morocco posted the second most important degradation of the category.Already high in 2017(12%),the aggravation of the failures of Moroccan companies exceeds by 10%the level of the period 2003-2007 which places the kingdom among the most exposed countries.A situation that is the exact opposite of the global trend since business failures will have to decline according to Euler Hermes,notably thanks to the improvement in the global economic situation.This research is a response to the calls of many authors who urge testing conceptual frameworks,even the most elaborated,in an international context.It is also a continuation of the pioneering work on the business failures,with an original perspective on examining the determinants of the companies based in a developing country.The determinants of the failures have been the subject of many conceptual and empirical developments without a consensus emerging from this research.To do so,four of the most recurrent mechanisms in Western investigations that lead to a business failure have been put to test:business failure,managerial behavior,business sector,and age of the firm and its legal form.The empirical study was conducted through a questionnaire sent to companies and/or managers of the defaulting companies already identified with the Casablanca Commercial Court.Results show that the age of manager,personal skills,and the managerial skills are the main determinants of the business failures.

Managerial Ability and Forecast Accuracy

We examine the relation between managerial ability and management forecast accuracy. We base our analysis on S＆P 500 Composite Index constituents for the period of 2006-2012. Data were collected from Thomson Reuteurs, Compustat and Demerjian, Lev, and McVay （2012）. We find that forecast accuracy is positively associated with managerial ability in the case of sales forecasts. Specifically, more able managers are associated with lower magnitude＇s forecast errors in the case of sales forecasts. Additional analysis finds that managerial ability is immaterial to EPS figures＇ forecast accuracy, i.e., EPS forecasts appear not to be affected by manager＇s superiority. Regarding sales forecasts, the results are consistent with the assertion that managers impact the quality of the delivered management forecasts. Regarding EPS forecasts, the results are in alignment with Demerjian, Lev, Lewis, and McVay （2013） who highlighted that managerial ability is an ability score related to the entire management team.

Obstacles to the Success of Organizational and Managerial Innovation in Construction SMEs in Burkina Faso

This research is based on a qualitative approach based on the exploitation of secondary data.The objective of the research is to determine the factors likely to influence the success of innovation in small and medium enterprises(SMEs)of Building and Public Works(BTP)in Burkina Faso.To do this,we issued two research proposals that served as a guide for our research.It emerged that 77% of SMEs reported having innovated in 2019,while the same study concluded to the underperformance of these companies.Hence,there is the need to distinguish between innovation actions and the success of innovation.For us,the success of innovation is based on information transparency in the company and the development of human resources.The results showed that the information does not circulate the construction companies and it results in a lack of meeting place.In addition,construction and civil engineering SMEs lack competent and qualified staff and are not very motivated.Indeed,only 52% of business leaders are satisfied with the motivation of their staff.In terms of competence,97% business leaders say that they have qualified staff and even 87% say not to delegate because they lack qualified staff.In fact,obtaining approval requires the existence of qualified personnel in the company,which justifies this assertion to 97%.And yet,the staff presented for the approval is not the one available in the company.Moreover,the lack of competent and motivated staff is confirmed by the MOE and MOD.Our two research proposals have been validated.However,we noted that this is a partial search for the factors that influence the success of innovation in construction SMEs that could be complemented by other research.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of GIS Systems in the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia and Their Impact on Organizational Performance

This study investigates the adoption of the new phenomenon of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in an organizational context in an emerging economy, namely Saudi Arabia. It explores the determinants of employees’ perceptions of GIS, their actual usage and expected outcomes when they use it. A model was developed for this study based on relevant theories and existing literature. In total 221 responses were collected from the Ministry of Water and Electricity (MOWE) in Saudi Arabia using a structured survey questionnaire. Several statistical techniques were applied to the data collected. Results show that factors having the most significant impact on employees’ perceptions of GIS are managerial support, IT expertise and exposure to GIS. However, some factors did not have any significant impact on employees’ perceptions, these being GIS training and incentives. It also emerges that attitude to GIS has an impact on and relationship with the actual usage of GIS. In the outcomes of GIS adoption, results indicate that its usage influences enhanced risk management and better customer relationships. However, no significant relationship was found that led to more efficient decision-making and saving of costs. This paper also highlights implications and discusses the limitations and suggestions for future research.

The impact of organizational resources and managerial interpretation on willingness to participate in carbon market

On the basis of resource-based view and managerial cognition,this research aims to explore which and how organizational resources facilitate organizational willingness to participate in carbon market(WTP-CM).In particular,it classifies resources into two dimensions,general resources(GR)and professional resources(PR),and investigates how these two types of resources interact with managerial interpretation and then influence organizational WTP-CM using a sample of 222 Chinese industrial firms.The findings show that environmental talents(PR)and low-carbon technologies(PR)have positive influences on organizational WTP-CM not only directly,but also indirectly through accelerating managers to interpret carbon trading as an opportunity,rather than a threat.On the contrary,only via managerial interpretation can capital reserve(GR)and environmental practices(PR)affect organizational WTP_CM positively.Furthermore,the impact of environmental practices on managerial interpretation does not depend on the performance of environmental practices(i.e.,success or failure).It means,regardless of environmental performance,the cumulation of environmental experience would promote managers to interpret carbon market as an opportunity and then advance their WTP-CM.Last,this partial mediating role of managerial interpretation between organizational resources and WTP-CM varies depending on organizational social position.Compared to centralfirms,peripheralfirms tend to be more responsive to managerial interpretation.The chain from organizational resources,to interpretation of carbon market as an opportunity,andfinally to the willingness to participate is stronger for peripheralfirms than for central ones.

Managerial Behaviors of Executive Women in India’s Service Sector

Numerous studies are emphasizing the importance of managerial behavior amongst executives in the management.Research,particularly on managerial behavior of women in executive management,is relatively underexplored.These managerial behaviors are classified into three functional domains:a task,relationship,and strategy-oriented in organizations.Little attention is paid to these managerial behaviors and skills observed amongst executive women in India’s women’s banking and finance sectors.The present study addresses this under-examined inquiry area concerning three managerial behaviors among India’s women executives.Twenty-five executive women in the banking and finance service sectors were interviewed.Moreover,fifty team members reporting to these executive women were surveyed.Findings indicate that executive women were adopting task and relationship-oriented behaviors.The third domain of strategy-oriented managerial behavior is least reported amongst executive women in the service sector organizations.These strategic change behaviors are exhibited at a minimal.In conclusion,the theoretical and practice implications of effective managerial practices in the service organization are discussed.

Stock transferability,the managerial learning effect and corporate innovation

This paper considers stock halts to study the impact of stock liquidity loss on the managerial learning effect based on stock prices.We examine stock halts’impact on corporate innovation and find that discretionary halts hinder innovation.We also find that discretionary halts reduce information quality and increase financial constraints and agent costs.Cross-sectional tests show that this negative impact is more pronounced in samples with high shareholding ratios by large shareholders,institutional investors and private firms.The results indicate that the loss of non-institutional stock trading rights,represented by discretionary stock halts,affects revelatory price efficiency in the secondary market,hinders managers’learning effect and affects enterprises’production and operation decisions.These findings have policy implications for stock circulation-right protection and Chinese capital-market reform.

管理主义对泰罗科学管理思想的回归与发展

新公共管理运动的理论基础是“管理主义”,管理主义的信念、知识和实践对政府等公共部门形成了巨大的变革压力。而早在一个多世纪以前的泰罗科学管理思想对世界也同样有着重大的革命性影响。准确地把握管理主义对泰罗科学管理思想的继承和发展,有利于把握这场公共部门领域变革的性质、趋向和其内在所固有的缺陷。