Inhibiting manganese(Ⅱ)from catalyzing electrolyte decomposition in lithium-ion batteries

A once overlooked source of electrolyte degradation incurred by dissolved manganese(Ⅱ)species in lithium-ion batteries has been identified recently.In order to deactivate the catalytic activity of such manganese(II)ion,1-aza-12-crown-4-ether(A12C4)with cavity size well matched manganese(Ⅱ)ion is used in this work as electrolyte additive.Theoretical and experimental results show that stable complex forms between A12C4 and manganese(II)ions in the electrolyte,which does not affect the solvation of Li ions.The strong binding effect of A12C4 additive reduces the charge density of manganese(II)ion and inhibits its destruction of the PF_(6)^(-)structure in the electrolyte,leading to greatly improved thermal stability of manganese(II)ions-containing electrolyte.In addition to bulk electrolyte,A12C4 additive also shows capability in preventing Mn^(2+) from degrading SEI on graphite surface.Such bulk and interphasial stability introduced by A12C4 leads to significantly improved cycling performance of LIBs.

Biomimetic manganese-based theranostic nanoplatform for cancer multimodal imaging and twofold immunotherapy

The limited clinical response and serious side effect have been challenging in cancer immunotherapy resulting from immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)and inferior drug targeting.Herein,an active targeting TME nanoplatform capable of revising the immunosuppressive TME microenvironment is designed.Briefly,gold nanorods(GNRs)are covered with silica dioxide(SiO_(2))and then coated manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))to obtain GNRs@SiO_(2)@MnO_(2)(GSM).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)membrane is further camouflaged on the surface of GSM to obtain GNRs@SiO_(2)@MnO_(2)@MDSCs(GSMM).In this system,GSMM inherits active targeting TME capacity of MDSCs.The localized surface plasmon resonance of GNRs is developed in near-infraredⅡwindow by MnO_(2)layer coating,realizing NIR-Ⅱwindow photothermal imaging and photoacoustic imaging of GSMM.Based on the release of Mn^(2+)in acidic TME,GSMM can be also used for magnetic resonance imaging.In cancer cells,Mn^(2+)catalyzes H_(2)O_(2)into·OH for(chemodynamic therapy)CDT leading to activate cGAS-STING,but also directly acts on STING inducing secretion of typeⅠinterferons,pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Additionally,photothermal therapy and CDT-mediated immunogenic cell death of tumor cells can further enhance anti-tumor immunity via exposure of CRT,HMGB1 and ATP.In summary,our nanoplatform realizes multimodal cancer imaging and dual immunotherapy.

β-MnO_(2) with proton conversion mechanism in rechargeable zinc ion battery

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery(RAZIB)is a promising energy storage system due to its high safety,and high capacity.Among them,manganese oxides with low cost and low toxicity have drawn much attention.However,the under-debate proton reaction mechanism and unsatisfactory electrochemical performance limit their applications.Nanorod b-MnO_(2) synthesized by hydrothermal method is used to investigate the reaction mechanism.As cathode materials for RAZIB,the Zn//b-MnO_(2) delivers 355 mA h g^(-1)(based on cathode mass)at0.1 A g^(-1),and retain 110 mA h g^(-1) after 1000 cycles at 0.2 A g^(-1).Different from conventional zinc ion insertion/extraction mechanism,the proton conversion and Mn ion dissolution/deposition mechanism of b-MnO_(2) is proposed by analyzing the evolution of phase,structure,morphology,and element of b-MnO_(2) electrode,the pH change of electrolyte and the determination of intermediate phase MnO OH.Zinc ion,as a kind of Lewis acid,also provides protons through the formation of ZHS in the proton reaction process.This study of reaction mechanism provides a new perspective for the development of Zn//MnO_(2) battery chemistry.

Design of manganese ion coated Prussian blue nanocarrier for the therapy of refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on a comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis regulators from clinical cases

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a prevalent human malignancy,and understanding its biology will help identify problems in refractory patients and customize alternative therapies for them.We found that DLBCL can be stratified into two independent subtypes with different clinical characteristics and outcomes by consensus clustering of expression of ferroptosis regulatory genes,which proves that ferroptosis is effective in treating refractory cases.In this work,we constructed a novel ferroptosis nanocarrier(PBPMn@PEG)by coating Prussian blue nanoparticles with manganese ions and encapsulating them with poly(ethyleneglycol).The low efficiency of the Fenton reaction of Prussian blue nanoparticles can be improved greatly by manganese coating,and can effectively generate hydroxyl radicals,and induce ferroptosis of lymphoma cells(SU-DHL-10 cells)by down-regulating ferroptosis suppressor genes and up-regulating ferroptosis driver genes.It also induces effective cell apoptosis,which is synergistic with ferroptosis for DLBCL therapy.In vivo experiments also prove that PBPMn@PEG achieved a better anti-tumor effect by up-regulating COX2,HO-1/hemeoxygenase-1(HMOX1),and NADPH oxidase-4(NOX4),and downregulating FSP1 and GPX4,with lower biotoxicity.As a novel and potential DLBCL drug carrier,our discovery served as a foundation for the treatment of the refractory DLBCL by inducing ferroptosis for DLBCL treatment in addition to the therapeutic effect of drugs.