Occurrence Regularity of Fruit Physiological Disease Spongy Tissue in Zihua Mango(Mangifera indica L.)

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the occurrence regularity of fruit physiological disease spongy tissue in Zihua mango （Mangifera indica L. ）. [ Meth. od] Main features of disease symptoms of Zihua mango fruit spongy tissue were investigated from 2002 to 2005 ,and the correlation between the incidence of Zihua mango fruit spongy tissue and its external factors （ fruit maturity, fruit size and fruit yield per plant） was analyzed comprehensively. [Result] The main features of disease symptoms appeared depressed cavity in the middle or lower part of fruit, forming spongy-like cavity. Immature fruits basically had no incidence. The dis- ease began to appear before 10 d of maturity. The disease incidence rate had extremely positive correlation with fruit weight, fruit vertical diameter or cross diame- ter. [ Conclusion] The research provides reference for field diagnoses, identification, preharvest and postharvest uninjurous test of fruit physiological disease suonaw tissue.

Antimicrobial Activities of Seed Extracts of Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>L.)

Mangifera indica L. is a species of mango in the Anacardiaceae family. It is found in the wild in tropical regions and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of the world. This present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of mango seed against 25 representatives gram positive, gram negative, acid fast bacteria and fungi. Mango fruit seed were extracted by Soxhlet using methanol and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against the microorganisms using disc diffusion method at different concentrations: 5 mg/mL, 3.75 mg/mL, 3.125 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.875 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL). In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of mango bulb showed inhibitions to tested organisms with variable inhibition zones. Except one organism (Rhodococcus equi), no resistance among the tested strains was shown. The mean zone of inhibition produced ranged between 5 mmand18 mmwith18 mm/Mycobacterium smegmatis showed the highest zone of inhibition. In most test strains comparable zones of inhibitions were noted for both methanol and ethanol extract. Candida albicans and Aspergilllus niger were both inhibited by the extracts. The methanol and ethanol extracts of mango seed showed good inhibitory effects against almost all tested strains. The inhibition zones produced by mango extract were less than those produced by standard positive control drug. This could be due to low diffusion rate of mango extract in agarose medium, a thing needed to be further investigated. The products are potential new antimicrobial therapy in the ethnopharmacology domain.

广西芒果种质资源保存利用和研究概况

本文从种质圃建设、种质资源数量和保存方法等方面介绍了广西芒果种质资源收集和保存的总体情况,将广西在芒果种质鉴定评价中取得的主要成果进行总结和显现。从芒果种质资源在常规育种中的利用、分子育种研究两个方面介绍了广西芒果种质资源利用创新的成果和现状,同时,从全国芒果品种育成情况对广西芒果种质资源保存前景进行了分析。

Fusarium mangiferae侵染对凯特杧内源激素含量的影响

为探讨杧果感染畸形病过程中顶芽内源激素含量的变化规律,以凯特杧为试验材料,测定了接种病菌(Fusarium mangiferae)后顶芽内生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)含量的变化情况。结果表明:接种病菌后,杧果顶芽内赤霉素和生长素含量急速上升,且在整个试验阶段明显高于健康处理,脱落酸含量在试验后期不断升高;分析发现,F.mangiferae侵染能够显著影响杧果顶芽内源激素的含量,改变IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA的平衡,致使杧果的生长发育受到影响,进而引发畸形病的产生。

Changes of Aroma Components in 'Keitt' Mango during the Postharvest Period

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the ehangos of aroma components in mango fruit at different post-harvest stages. [ Method] The aroma com- ponents in ＇ Keitt＇ mango fruit at 3,6, 9 and 13 d postharvest were extracted using heM-space solid phase mieroextraction （HS-SPME） and analyzed by gas chre- matograph-rnass speetrephotometer （GC-MS）. [ Result] The results showed that a total of 42 aroma compounds were identified from the mango samples at four sta- ges. To be specific, monoterpene and sesquiterpene were the major components; at 3, 6, 9 and 13 d postharvest, the relative contents of terpene were 94.24%, 98.91%, 55.32% and 95.97%, respectively. [ Conclusion] IS-（ ＋ ）-3-earene is the characteristic aroma component in ripe fruit of ＇ Keitt＇ mango. The aroma of mango fruit is also affected by ester, alcohol and aldehyde compounds.

Study of the Variation in Total and Reducing Sugars Contents According to the Variety and According to the Position Where the Fruit (Mango) Was Harvested from Five Mango Varieties Exploited in Senegal

In this study, the results show that total sugar contents depend on the variety and the position where the fruit (mango) has been harvested. This variation in total sugar contents is observed according to the following varieties: the Bk (Boukodiekhal) variety (bottom position 45 mg/100 mL) then Bk (intermediate and bottom position 40 mg/100 mL) and with the Dr (Diourou) variety the content according to the intermediate position is 63 mg/100 mL while the content according to its bottom position is 56 mg/100 mL. The same is observed for variety Knt (Kent). For the variety factor, we see that the Dr and Sl (Sierra Leone) varieties are the richest in total sugars. Compared to the variation in reducing sugar content, the effect of position is less pronounced. Nevertheless, the statistical results show that the contents vary according to the varieties. There is a very significant variation in reducing sugar content between certain varieties. The variety Kt (Keitt) (45 mg/100 mL) is the richest in reducing sugars but compared to the lower position of the variety Bk, they are statistically identical. Variety Knt remains the poorest in reducing sugars 20 mg/ 100 mL.

Optimisation of the Postharvest Treatment with Thymol to Control Mango Anthracnose

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is the main postharvest disease that affects mango production on Reunion Island. Fruits for the export market are always treated with chemicals. The use of chemical treatment is not in adequation with consumer expectations, and the increasing emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates promotes the development of alternatives methods. The principal objective of this work was to use antimicrobial properties of thymol as an alternative postharvest treatment on mango. Thymol diluated in a penetrating agent solution was effective on mango anthracnose. At a concentration of 0.025%, Thymol limited necrosis development due to pathogens during fruit storage. This treatment can stimulate some of polyphenols biosynthesis involved in the fruit resistance to postharvest disease, particularly thesynthesis of gallic acid and resorcinol. With this final concentration of 0.025% thymol, the treatment did not affect fruit maturation and quality, especially the peel colour and sugar content. Importantly, the treatment did not show any detectable effect on organoleptic qualities of the fruit.

芒果叶提取物体外抗HIV-1活性研究

目的探讨芒果叶提取物的体外抗人类免疫缺陷病毒1(HIV-1)活性,为研究与开发传统中医药资源治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)提供参考。方法通过三磷酸腺苷(ATP)法评估干预药物对TZM-bl细胞和MT-2细胞活性的影响。构建TZM-bl-HIV-1_(ⅢB)、MT-2-HIV-1_(ⅢB)两种细胞-病毒感染模型,通过荧光素酶活性检测试剂检测病毒活性,评估干预药物的抗HIV-1活性。观察MT-2-HIV-1_(ⅢB)细胞系统中芒果叶提取物对细胞病变效应(CPE)的抑制情况。计算芒果叶提取物的半数毒性浓度(CC_(50))、半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))和选择指数(SI)。结果在TZM-bl-HIV-1_(ⅢB)和MT-2-HIV-1_(ⅢB)两种细胞-病毒感染模型中,芒果叶提取物均显示出抗HIV-1活性,且呈现剂量依赖性。在TZM-bl-HIV-1_(ⅢB)模型中,芒果叶提取物的CC_(50)为(320.00±29.44)μg/ml,IC_(50)为(8.86±0.26)μg/ml,SI为36.14。在MT-2-HIV-1_(ⅢB)模型中,芒果叶提取物CC_(50)为(174.13±22.36)μg/ml,IC_(50)为(15.23±9.99)μg/ml,SI为11.44。结论芒果叶提取物的体外细胞毒性小,抗HIV-1活性显著,具有潜在的开发利用价值。

Tree Age Affects Postharvest Attributes and Mineral Content in Amrapali Mango(Mangifera indica) Fruits

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of tree age on postharvest attributes and mineral content of Amrapali mango fruits. Effect of 3 different tree ages(6, 18 and 30 years) on functional components, including the antioxidant activity(AOX), total phenols, total carotenoids,ascorbic acid and minerals like Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B along with total sugars, total soluble solids(TSS) and titratable acidity(TA),respiration rate, polygalacturonase(PG) and pectin methylesterase(PME) activities in Amrapali cultivar were studied. With tree ageing total phenols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity decreased whereas total carotenoids increased. Ca diminished and K elevated with the tree age progression while, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn showed an indefinite pattern. Total soluble solids and total sugars were recorded higher in 18 year old tree fruits. Fruit respiration rate, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activities showed an upward trend with tree ageing. The study indicates that fruit produced from middle age group mango orchard(18 year old) suits to the requirement of consumers as well as industry.

避雨栽培对芒果产量和品质的影响研究初报

以‘Zillate’芒果为材料,研究避雨栽培对其芒果产量、果实外观、果皮色泽及内在品质的影响。结果表明:避雨栽培区芒果单株产量比露地栽培区高43.3%,病虫果率明显低于露地栽培区,避雨栽培显著提高果皮亮度,但降低果皮的色彩浓度;内在品质如果实Vc、可溶性固形物显著高于露地栽培区,而可滴定酸度显著低于露地栽培区。

‘台农1号’芒果果实发育过程中的糖分积累与相关酶活性研究

以‘台农1号’芒果为材料,测定了果实生长发育过程中淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及淀粉酶、蔗糖代谢相关酶———酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖组分与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果显示,(1)台农1号芒果果实属于单S型生长曲线,发育前期主要积累淀粉、葡萄糖和果糖,果实成熟软化时,淀粉酶活性降至最低,淀粉水解,蔗糖快速积累.(2)酸性转化酶活性在果实整个发育过程中维持最高,完熟时略有降低;蔗糖磷酸合成酶在果实发育前期略有降低,完熟时升至最高;蔗糖合成酶和中性转化酶活性在整个发育期一直很低且较稳定.(3)淀粉含量与淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关,与SPS活性呈极显著负相关,蔗糖、葡萄糖含量均与SPS、SS呈显著、极显著的正相关;果糖含量与SS呈极显著的正相关.研究表明,芒果成熟时淀粉分解、酸性转化酶活性的降低,且蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性的增加是引起果实蔗糖积累的主要因子.

芒果NBS类抗病基因同源序列克隆与分析

根据已知物种NBS抗病类基因(RGAs)保守序列设计引物,从芒果品种金煌基因组DNA中分离得到了10条同源序列(pp-1～10,GenBank登录号为HM446507～16)。DNA序列分析表明,这些RGAs在200～300 bp区间存在较大变异,Pi值都在0.4以上。同源性分析表明这些序列的同源性差异范围从11.0%～98.4%,离散值范围为1.6～100.7,10条RGAs可以分为2大类。蛋白序列分析表明,pp-01～10都具有开放读码框,编码的蛋白含有典型的NBS抗病类基因所拥有的P-loop和Kinase-2a结构域,通过同源进化分析可将其分为TIR-NBS-LRR和CC-NBS-LRR 2类,与已知物种同源性范围为20%～60.2%。

芒果种质资源保存研究进展

芒果(Mangifera indica Linn.)是一种重要的热带水果。目前,芒果在全球尚无一个具早熟、高产、优质和抗主要病虫害等优良性状的品种。究其原因:一是大量芒果种质资源由于各种自然和人为原因,以及传统种质保存方法的局限性而逐渐流失;二是由于芒果是基因高度杂合的木本植物,用传统的育种方法改良芒果比较困难。本文对芒果种质资源现状,离体保存技术以及超低温保存技术等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并提出利用体胚再生体系对芒果进行品种改良是未来的一个重要研究方向。

套袋时期对台农1号芒果果实品质的影响

研究不同套袋时期对台农1号芒果果实外观、果皮色素、果皮色泽、果实内在品质的影响。结果表明,随着套袋时间的推迟,果实病虫果率提高,果实表面光洁度降低;不同套袋时期均显著降低果皮的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量,花青苷含量以早套袋处理低于晚套袋和未套袋处理;果皮亮度以不同套袋时期显著高于未套袋处理,色彩浓度以晚套袋和未套袋处理略高于早套袋处理,色度角处理间差异不显著;果实内在品质,不同套袋时期均不同程度的降低了果实的可溶性固形物、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量。综合来看,台农1号芒果以第2次生理落果后尽早套袋为佳。

芒果果实转录组数据组装及基因功能注释

以红芒6号为试材,对生长发育各时期果皮与果肉样品提取RNA后等量混合进行转录组测序,共获得了68 419 722个reads,包含6 157 744 980个核苷酸序列信息,平均读长90 bp,序列信息全部登陆NCBI数据库(SRP035450)。对reads进行拼接,共获得124 002个Contig片段,进一步组装获得54 207个Unigene片段,平均长度为838 bp,阈值小于10-5的序列中共有42 515(78.43%)个unigenes被注释到公共蛋白数据库。其中,35 198个被注释到生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分GO类别的44个功能组,14 619个Unigene匹配到25类COG功能组,23 741个Unigene被富集到128个KEGG代谢通路,包括代谢途径、次生代谢的生物合成、植物-病原物互作、植物激素信号转导、苯丙氨酸生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、类黄酮类化合物合成等。本研究将为进一步的芒果功能基因克隆、基因表达分析、分子标记开发等研究奠定基础。

芒果种质资源果实重要经济性状多样性分析

对南亚热带作物研究所芒果种质资源圃内的芒果栽培品种的果实内、外的主要经济性状进行了鉴定评价。结果表明,在芒果的果实大小、果实形状、果皮颜色、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量、可食率、果肉质地、果肉颜色、纤维、香味等方面均存在丰富的遗传多样性。在丰富的遗传多样性中,具有小果型、椭圆形(包括长椭圆、宽椭圆形)、质地中等细滑、清香等性状的品种较多。

23个广西本地芒果品种的ISSR分析(英文)

本研究对23个分别来自广西本地品种或广西选育的品种进行了SSR分析,并用15个芒果栽培品种印度(4个品种)、美国(3个品种)、缅甸(3个品种)、泰国(2个品种)及菲律宾、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡(各1个品种)和2个芒果近源种冬芒(1个)和扁桃(1个)作为参照。从42个ISSR引物中筛选出9个多态性好的引物构建DNA指纹图谱来鉴别芒果的基因型。根据这9个引物获得的电泳图谱结果表明,本研究中所有供试品种能互相区分开来并表现出丰富的遗传多样性,说明ISSR是一种鉴定芒果品种(系)非常有效的方法。用74条多态性条带聚类分析作图发现所有供试的广西品种与秋芒、马切苏芒、象牙芒和爱文芒归为一个大类,而且广西本地芒果品种之间的亲缘关系较近。

芒果果实bHLH家族转录因子的生物信息学分析

bHLH家族作为植物中较大的转录因子家族之一,在真核生物生长发育调控中具有重要作用。本研究基于芒果果实转录组数据,利用生物信息学方法鉴定出87个bHLH家族蛋白,其中酸性蛋白所占比例较大,大部分为不稳定蛋白,且均为不含信号肽的亲水性蛋白,除CL10714.Contig1为膜结合转录因子外,其余均不含跨膜结构。芒果bHLH蛋白结构域有多个氨基酸位点保守性较高,87个芒果bHLH蛋白中73个(83.91%)具有E-box结合功能。GO分析发现芒果bHLH蛋白共注释到生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类功能的17个亚类。进化树分析发现芒果bHLH蛋白与拟南芥有较高的保守性,并基于进化树对部分bHLH蛋白的功能进行了预测。本研究结果将为下一步芒果bHLH蛋白的功能研究奠定基础。

部分杧果品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

用ISSR技术分析了38个桩果（Mangifera indica L．）品种的亲缘关系。从60条ISSR引物中筛选出10条重复性好、扩增带型清晰的引物，共扩增出79条可重复性带，多态性带比例为86．7％。扩增结果可区分38个品种中的37个（含红金龙或贵妃之一）。各品种间遗传距离在0～0．682之间，平均为0.393。UPGMA聚类将供试品种分成了5类。对分类结果进行了讨论。

“吉禄”芒果果实采后香气成分的组成及其变化

为了解芒果果实香气成分采后不同时期的变化特点,采用静态顶空固相微萃取技术提取"吉禄"芒果果实采后第3、6、9 d的香气成分,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行测定分析。结果表明:"吉禄"芒果果实在采后3个时期共检测到36种香气成分,主要成分为单萜烯类和倍半萜烯类。果实采后第3、6、9 d,单萜烯类化合物含量分别为89.47%、88.48%和92.71%,倍半萜烯类化合物含量分别为3.44%、5.86%和4.63%。1R-α-蒎烯是"吉禄"芒果成熟果实的特征香气成分,采后第9天的相对含量达到79.74%。