Gender Roles in the Utilization and Challenges in the Management of Mangrove Forests in Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines

Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.

Socioeconomic study and economic value of living fossil,Lingula sp.in mangrove ecosystem in Trat Province,Thailand

This paper is the first recorded economic value of living fossil,an evaluation of the basic economic value of Lingula,based on the direct utilization of households for food and sale.Twenty-one local fishermen who collected Lingula in Trat Province were focused on by using interview questionnaires.The animal habitats are influenced by the encroachers'age,gender and harvest method.The total economic value in 2011 was around two million baht.Those who possess fishing gear and have more money can have greater access to the product The local communities in Nong Khunsong sub-district are successful in collecting the Lingula and in doing local business.The market channel analysis is conducted at local,provincial and national levels and short market chains are demonstrated in the form of a wholesale market in the Lingula trade.This represents significant consumption by the local communities.The study further recommends sustainable conservation and management efforts at a local scale.

Possible use of Lingula sp.(Phylum Brachiopoda)as a dissemination strategy to promote sustainable development in Fangchenggang mangrove,China

The economic marketability of a brachiopod,Lingula was studied at three coastal mangrove sites,specifically based on socioeconomic parameters from 10 villages that utilized Lingula along Pearl Bay,Beilun Estuary Marine Nature Reserve,China.The significantly highest density of Lingula was at Jiao Dong(48.2±35.14 individual/m^2)whereas the biomass of Lingula was highest(0.76±0.22 g/individual)at Gui Lao Bu.The shell size of the largest specimen was still less than that in other references.The socioeconomic study of the population related to Lingula involved a small group,and no relationship could be determined among the parameters of age range,education level,occupation,and financial status.The total economic value(320,927.4 Yuan)was based on the value of consumption whereas the value from sales was very low as recorded from Shan Xin over a three-month season.Analysis of the results to determine strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats was undertaken to identify the potential of Lingula sp.to be promoted and supported in the market as a novel source of income for the local community who are associated with mangrove resources;and also to examine its potential as a new food source for the rapidly growing population of China.

Population Density and Habitat Utilization of Ibex(Capra ibex)in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Surveys was conducted to study the population density and habitat utilization of the ibex （Capra ibex） in Tomur National Nature Reserve during October- December 2005. The results are as follows： ① The mean group size of the ibex in Tomur Nature Reserve is 8.43 and the population density is 269.76/100 km^2; ② The ibex prefer areas with steep slope （between 30° -45°）, broken substrates and cliffs nearby （ 〈 100 m）. They avoid grasslands and fiat hillsides; ③The probable reason for this habitat selection is serf-protection.

Reservation-based dynamic admission control scheme for wideband code division multiple access systems

Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme.

The strategy for conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in Changbaishan Biosphere Reserve

This paper is focused on ecological assessment of the status of bio-diversity, and a strategic plan for biodiversity conservation on a sustainable basis. It described the present situation, the causes of bio-diversity degradation, and the approaches for conserving, utilizing and developing bio-diversity in Changbaishan Biosphere Reserve.

Establishment and Utilization Plan of Shangshe Lake Wetland Nature Reserve

According to biodiversity of Shangshe Wetland Nature Reserve, the protection region from interior to exterior can be divided into a core zone which is to protect succession and reproduction in local environment, a buffer zone which is to control ill effects on the core zone, and a test zone which is to protect relevant facilities. In addition, utilization and development principles and measures of the protection region were discussed.

Factors influencing seed reserve utilization during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines

Strong seedlings are essential for high yield.To explore the foundation of strong seedlings,we investigated various factors influencing the conversion and distribution of seed storage reserves during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines.Three maize inbred lines were used to explore the effects of seed size,seed vigor,illumination duration,temperature,water content,and salt concentration of the seedling medium on the utilization of seed storage reserves during seedling establishment.The results showed that the conversion rate of small seeds was 3.69 to 17.71%higher than that of large seeds.Moreover,prolonged illumination time was conducive to the formation of strong seedlings.However,low temperature,drought stress and salt stress reduced the conversion rate of seed storage reserves and increased the root/shoot ratio.These results could be used to guide field management during seedling emergence and develop improved germplasm with a high conversion rate of seed storage reserves.

完全预约模式下船闸通航调度方法分析

针对现有部分船闸通航效率不高,通航拥堵严重等问题,以完全预约模式下船闸通航调度方法为研究对象,考虑闸室有效面积利用率最大和平均预约延误时间最小,在BL算法的基础上,建立了基于人工蜂群算法的船闸通航调度模型。选取三峡双线五级船闸的过闸船舶数据,通过与原始人工编排、BL算法编排结果进行比较,发现人工蜂群算法性能稳定,能显著提高闸室面积利用率,且平均利用率大于80%。此外,在平均预约延误时间方面有明显的降低效果。

含规模氢能综合利用的高比例风光多能源系统低碳灵活调度

随着风光等间歇性可再生能源大规模增长和并网,可再生能源弃能率升高与系统备用灵活性问题日益突出,为解决高比例可再生能源科学消纳与能源系统灵活稳定运行问题,该文提出一种含规模氢能综合利用的高比例风光多能源系统低碳灵活调度方法。针对电制氢、氢燃料电池、甲烷反应器等组成的氢能综合利用单元进行机理分析并建模,研究该单元参与多能源系统运行的调度策略;对该单元各设备的备用能力进行分析,基于各设备的运行特性,提出氢能利用单元–火电联合承担备用的策略,并建立备用优化模型;最后在改进的IEEE39节点电网、20节点气网和6节点热网构成的多能源系统中进行对比仿真分析,验证所提调度方法促进高比例风光消纳和提供灵活性备用的能力。

广东省红树林碳储量与碳汇潜力估算

[目的]红树林生态系统具有极高的固碳能力,是全球碳循环的重要部分。探索其碳汇潜力可促进减缓和适应气候变化,为我国碳达峰与碳中和提供一种潜在的海洋方案。[方法]通过研究红树林蓝碳评估的方法学,开展广东省碳储量和碳汇潜力的估算。广东省红树林碳储量约为3222.035 kt C,其中植被碳储量约为1094.465 kt C,土壤碳储量约为2127.57 kt C。不同红树林群落中,桐花林的植被碳储量含量最高,约为1508.931 kt C,其次依次为白骨壤、秋茄、无瓣海桑,植被碳储量分别约为1508.931 kt C、859.115 kt C、193.296 kt C和660.693 kt C。[结果]根据《红树林保护修复专项行动计划(2020-2025年)》,2025年广东省营造红树林55.00 km^(2),碳汇潜力可增加36.171 kt CO_(2-e)~99.891kt CO_(2-e),有较大的碳汇潜力。[结论]研究可为广东省红树林碳汇造林提供科学依据,对我国碳达峰与碳中和事业具有重要意义。

油气安全与能源转型的新趋势

党的二十大报告提出,推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生,确保能源安全。2023年COP28大会重申既定气候目标,并达成了实现科学净零排放的新共识。全球能源市场格局重塑,油气在能源安全中的地位得到重视,油气企业转型仍聚焦核心竞争优势,但上游投资复苏偏慢。全球二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)项目数量爆发式增长,直接空气捕集(DAC)技术受到关注,二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)是实现“双碳”目标的兜底保障技术。针对全球未来发展目标和中国国情,分析了世界油气行业发展趋势和国内油气安全形势,提出了中国油气行业发展趋势及能源转型过程中因势利导和应对挑战的措施,为油气企业转型决策提供参考。中国能源自给率高,能源安全形势总体可控。中国油气产业呈现“三个维度”的发展趋势,勘探深度向万米挺进、油气储集空间尺度拓展到纳米、老油气田开启百年建设新征程,需要从释放“两深一非一老”增储上产潜力、深化“一带一路”重点地区能源合作、扩大油气储备能力,完善管网布局、建立系统化、智能化的风险管理和决策支持体系、大力发展CCUS产业链等方面发力。

基于无人机高光谱影像数据降维的红树林种间分类

选取深圳市福田自然保护区为研究区域,将无人机高光谱遥感系统应用于红树林资源遥感调查,建立红树林遥感信息提取和种间精细分类模式。首先采用基于专家知识的决策树分类方法,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)区分出红树林与其他地物;然后对红树林数据进行最小噪声分离(MNF)变换;再利用最佳指数因子公式(OIF)对MNF变换后的前11个波段进行分析,得到最佳组合波段;最后对最佳组合波段采用基于像元的最小距离方法和支持向量机方法进行红树林种间分类。结果表明:采用基于专家知识的决策树分类方法能够有效提取红树林分布区,采用基于像元的支持向量机方法进行种间分类效果较好,总体分类精度在99%以上。基于专家知识的红树林提取与树种分类模式适用于红树林种间分类与制图。

基于入库洪水识别模型的洪水资源利用潜力评估

洪水资源利用潜力评估是合理调配流域水资源与储水空间的前提。针对我国水资源时空分布不均问题,基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验、改进超定量法与带时畸参数的泊松标值过程模型,构建入库洪水识别模型,实现非一致性径流时间序列向“独立同分布”样本的转化,识别与推求入库洪水代表性线型;综合流域调蓄能力与用水需求等约束,提出水库群洪水资源利用潜力评估方法,定位关键制约因素,界定预留防洪库容与水位上浮空间均衡防洪与兴利功能。以金沙江下游乌东德、白鹤滩、向家坝与溪洛渡四座水库(金下四库)为研究对象,结果表明:1998与2002年为向家坝水文站6-11月序列一致性变更点;入库洪水以矮胖型为主,3日洪量是比洪峰更应优先考虑的联合调度决策特征参数;受限于储水空间,遭遇百年一遇及以下设计标准洪水,金下四库洪水资源利用潜力为37.27亿m^(3),为持续优化调蓄空间,建议依次上浮运行水位至952.26、806.77、576.31与373.99 m。研究成果以期为变化环境流域水资源与储水空间优化配置提供参考。

鄂尔多斯盆地延长油田双河西区块长6油藏开发参数

鄂尔多斯盆地延长油田双河西区块长6油藏为低渗透油藏,常规开发指标计算方法并不利于油田进行油藏地质研究、开发政策制定与成本控制。对延长油田双河西区块长6油藏产量递减规律、水驱储量动用程度、注采比、含水率、注水利用状况及采收率进行分析。结果表明:双河西区块长6油藏产量递减规律为双曲递减模式;区块注水开发潜力较大,目前该区块水驱储量控制程度为74.54%,水驱储量动用程度为36.94%,注采连通率为27.27%;合理注采比约为2.5,随着采出程度增加,含水率上升速度先增大,后有所减小;根据存水率、耗水指数及水驱指数可知,开发后期,区块注水开发效果逐渐变好,最终采收率增加,研究区在开发过程中含水上升率应尽量小于6.1%,地层合理压力应大于9.1 MPa,在该开发条件下,研究区最终采收率约为23%。

海南东寨港国家级自然保护区红树林潮沟海陆蛙种群数量调查

为全面了解和掌握海南东寨港国家级自然保护区红树林潮沟海陆蛙(Fejervarya cancrivora)种群数量及其动态变化,2020—2022年,在保护区不同片区潮沟内共设置34条样线,对海陆蛙种群数量进行调查和监测,分析保护区海陆蛙种群的致危因素,并提出保护和管理建议。调查表明:海陆蛙主要分布在管理局、道学和三江片区,而塔市和博度片区海陆蛙分布基本处于空白状态;3个年度海陆蛙种群密度基本一致,由高到低依次为三江、道学和管理局;2020年度三江种群密度为221.6只/hm^(2)、道学164.7只/hm^(2)和管理局137.4只/hm^(2),明显高于2022年度(三江151.2只/hm^(2)、道学144.8只/hm^(2)和管理局116.3只/hm^(2))和2021年度(三江113.2只/hm^(2)、道学99.6只/hm^(2)和管理局51.9只/hm^(2));2020—2022年三江、道学和管理局片区总的海陆蛙种群数量分别为6498、3357、4847只。盐度高、水体污染、牡蛎附生和潮汐裸滩面积少等是导致海陆蛙在塔市和博度分布缺失的主要因素。非法捕捉、周边养殖塘包围及其导致的繁殖生境减少和污染是影响海陆蛙种群的致危因素。

四川盆地SZ页岩气藏气井产量变化规律及递减预测新模型

页岩气井生产特征和常规油气井相比有明显区别,研究页岩气藏产量变化规律及递减预测,对指导页岩气田开发现场措施调整、提高最终可采储量与采出程度等具有重要意义。以四川盆地SZ页岩气藏为例,基于其页岩气井在不同生产阶段日产气量、累积产气量变化特点,开展了不同类型页岩气井产量递减变化规律研究。提出了无因次产量递减率指标,来统一定量描述不同类型页岩气井产量递减率的变化规律;利用产量与递减率之间的定量变化,构建出一种新型的页岩气产量递减预测模型,进而推导出累积产量的数学表达式,考虑新模型中关键参数的取值变化,计算得到了不同初始递减率、产量递减幅度下的日产气量变化规律;结合目前已有的常用产量递减模型,对比分析新模型在不同类型井产量历史拟合及动态预测中的适应性。研究结果表明:新模型相比于已有模型,对SZ页岩气藏不同类型页岩气井产量变化的拟合程度更高、预测效果更好。本文研究可以对页岩气藏有效地进行产量预测和储量动用效果评价提供借鉴。

计及旋转备用要求的抽水蓄能电站日前调度研究

抽水蓄能电站具有灵活的调峰、调频、调相和事故备用等作用,可以平抑电网新能源出力波动和促进新能源消纳,提升电网安全稳定运行水平。然而,在现阶段两部制电价下,抽水蓄能电站在电网中旋转备用价值没有得到充分的体现。以风电-光伏-抽水蓄能电站互补为背景,构建了考虑旋转备用要求的抽水蓄能电站日前调度模型,以电站运行效益最大和电网其他电源出力峰谷差最小为目标,通过权重法将其转化为单目标优化问题求解,并进一步分析比较现状两部制电价和峰谷电价对抽水蓄能电站调度策略与收益影响。算例结果表明:考虑旋转备用要求可以显著提升抽水蓄能电站运行收益,并且调度目标对电站运行方式影响显著。模型与方法可用于制订抽水蓄能电站日前调度计划。

自然保护区林业资源的保护与开发利用探索

伴随着经济的快速发展,国家越来越关注国土资源的开发与利用,在有限的空间资源中,寻求一条具有较强可持续性、健康稳定的发展道路,是我国在经济与国土资源的开发与利用中一项十分重要的措施。而且,林业资源在国土资源中也起着非常重要的作用,它也是一种珍贵的自然资源,无论是对经济的发展还是对环境的保护都具有非常重要的作用。充分、合理地开发利用森林资源,既能为生态环境保护工作提供基本的保证,又能推动经济发展。为此,本文就自然保护区的森林资源保护与开发问题进行了探讨。