As part of operational guidance of mangrove forest rehabilitation in the Mahakam delta, Indonesia, site suitability mapping for 14 species of mangrove was modelled by combining 4 underlying factors—clay, sand, salini...As part of operational guidance of mangrove forest rehabilitation in the Mahakam delta, Indonesia, site suitability mapping for 14 species of mangrove was modelled by combining 4 underlying factors—clay, sand, salinity and tidal inundation. Semivariogram analysis and a geographic information system (GIS) were used to apply a site-suitability model, while kriging interpolation generated surface layers, based on sample point data collection. The tidal inundation map was derived from a tide table and a digital elevation model from topographic maps. The final site-suitability maps were produced using spatial analysis technique, by overlaying all surface layers. We used a Gaussian model to adjust a semivariogram graph in order to help to understand the variation of sample data values, and create a natural surface layer of data distribution over the area of study. By examining the statistical value and the visual inspection of surface layers, we saw that the models were consistent with the expected data behavior;therefore, we assumed that interpolation has been carried out appropriately. Our site-suitability map showed that Avicennia species was the most suitable species and matched with 50% of the study area, followed by Nypa fruticans, which occupied about 42%. These results were actually consistent with the mangrove zoning pattern in the region prior to deforestation and conversion.展开更多
This paper quantifies the relationships among community type, peat layer thickness and habitat age of the mangrove forests in Pohnpei Island, Micronesia and provides a discussion concerning the primary succession and ...This paper quantifies the relationships among community type, peat layer thickness and habitat age of the mangrove forests in Pohnpei Island, Micronesia and provides a discussion concerning the primary succession and the belowground carbon storage of the main mangrove community types. The ages of the habitat were estimated from a relationship between the thickness of the mangrove peat layer and the formative period, which was decided by calibrated radiocarbon ages. Mangrove communities in the coral reef type habitat were generally arranged in the following order, from seaward to landward: 1) the Rhizophora stylosa or Sonneratia alba community (I or II communities), 2) the typical subunit of the S. alba subcommunity of the Rhizophora apiculata— Bruguiera gymnorrhiza community (III(2)a subunit) and 3) the Xylocarpus granatum subunit of the same subcommunity of the same community (III(2)b subunit). Their habitat ages were estimated to be younger than 460 years, between 360 and 1070 years and between 860 and 2300 years, respectively. Based on these results and other evidences such as photosynthetic characteristics and pollen analysis derived from the previous studies, the primary succession was inferred to have progressed in the order mentioned above. Belowground stored carbon for the main community types in the coral reef type habitat were estimated to be less than 370 t C ha-1 for the I and the II communities, between 290 and 860 t C ha-1 for the III(2)a subunit and between 700 and 1850 t C ha-1 for the III(2)b subunit.展开更多
Nanometer oxide LaMnO3+λ and its counterparts with large particle size were comparatively studied for total oxidation of methane. XPS, TPR and nonstoichiometric oxygen (λ)analysis results identify that the nanometer...Nanometer oxide LaMnO3+λ and its counterparts with large particle size were comparatively studied for total oxidation of methane. XPS, TPR and nonstoichiometric oxygen (λ)analysis results identify that the nanometer chide contains more high valence cations, to which the adjacent lattice oxygen are responsible for total oxidation of methane at low temperature.展开更多
In the present study, the safety of Hoemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccines inoculated in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle was evaluated. 680 infants aged 2-5 months and 6-12 months were selec...In the present study, the safety of Hoemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccines inoculated in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle was evaluated. 680 infants aged 2-5 months and 6-12 months were selected to be the research subjects in whom the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated by injection in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle, respectively. The safety analysis indicated that there were no statistic differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions when the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated at different sites. So we concluded that the safety of inoculation injection of Hib conjugate vaccines in vastus lateralis muscle was the same as that inoculated in the upper arm deltoid.展开更多
传统抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)通过将单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物相结合,实现对癌细胞的精准打击,但在稳定性、靶向性、疗效及安全性等方面依然存在诸多不足。新型ADC,如双特异性、位点特异性、双有效载荷和前药型ADC,...传统抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)通过将单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物相结合,实现对癌细胞的精准打击,但在稳定性、靶向性、疗效及安全性等方面依然存在诸多不足。新型ADC,如双特异性、位点特异性、双有效载荷和前药型ADC,通过同时结合2个不同抗原或表位、选择更稳定的连接子、与抗体特定氨基酸位点偶联、携带不同药物有效载荷以及采用前药策略等优化方法,在保留传统ADC作用特点的基础上,显著提高药物的稳定性、靶向性、疗效和安全性,能更好地满足临床治疗的需求。新型ADC可能会在未来的癌症治疗中发挥重要的作用。探讨新型ADC在癌症治疗中的进展并分析其优势与挑战,可为开发抗癌策略提供理论支持,为药物研发提供方向。展开更多
Sequestration of blue carbon(C)in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management.This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiam...Sequestration of blue carbon(C)in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management.This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiamen,China.A field study was conducted on 10-year-old Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata plantations(mono-Sa,mono-Ko)and a 15-year-old mixed plantation-.We found that mono-Ko had a significantly higher ecosystem C sequestration rate(3.32±0.62 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))than others when planted in the indirect shade of pioneer species.As a non-native species,Sonneratia performed better(0.57±0.01 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))when planted with Kandelia than in monotypic plantations.The temporary and long-term certified emission reduction(tCER and lCER)of the 12.98 ha mono-Ko was 4103.89 and 3693.50 net CO_(2)-e within 10 years,respectively.A literature review was conducted to show the compatibility of this study with other natural and plantation sites of China and Bangladesh(the native habitat for Sonneratia).The C sequestration of Sonneratia plantation sites in China is comparable with those in Bangladesh.However,the soil C accumulation rate for a Sonneratia monotypic plantation in Bangladesh decreased with age,yet the same did not occur in the plantations of China.展开更多
Background: There is a serious lack of experience regarding the productive potential of the natural forests in northeastern China, which severely limits the development of sustainable forest management strategies for ...Background: There is a serious lack of experience regarding the productive potential of the natural forests in northeastern China, which severely limits the development of sustainable forest management strategies for this most important forest region in China. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to develop a first comprehensive system for estimating the wood production for the five dominant forest types.Methods: Based on a network of 384 field plots and using the state-space approach, we develop a system of dynamic stand models, for each of the five main forest types. Four models were developed and evaluated, including a base model and three extended models which include the effects of dominant height and climate variables. The four models were fitted, and their predictive strengths were tested, using the "seemingly unrelated regression"(SUR) technique.Results: All three of the extended models increased the accuracy of the predictions at varying degrees for the five major natural forest types of northeastern China. The inclusion of dominant height and two climate factors(precipitation and temperature) in the base model resulted in the best performance for all the forest types. On average, the root mean square values were reduced by 13.0% when compared with the base model.Conclusion: Both dominant height and climate factors were important variables in estimating forest production. This study not only presents a new method for estimating forest production for a large region, but also explains regional differences in the effect of site productivity and climate.展开更多
In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years （range 15-51 years） with a mean stand density of 946 stems ha-~ （87-237...In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years （range 15-51 years） with a mean stand density of 946 stems ha-~ （87-2374） and a mean diameter at breast height （over bark） of 19.6 cm （8.5-40.8 cm）. Site index was also examined in relation to soil type. Multiple samples were collected for three types of soil： light clay, medium clay and till. Site index curves were constructed using the col- lected data and compared with published reports. A number of dynamic equations were assessed for modeling top-height growth from total age.展开更多
文摘As part of operational guidance of mangrove forest rehabilitation in the Mahakam delta, Indonesia, site suitability mapping for 14 species of mangrove was modelled by combining 4 underlying factors—clay, sand, salinity and tidal inundation. Semivariogram analysis and a geographic information system (GIS) were used to apply a site-suitability model, while kriging interpolation generated surface layers, based on sample point data collection. The tidal inundation map was derived from a tide table and a digital elevation model from topographic maps. The final site-suitability maps were produced using spatial analysis technique, by overlaying all surface layers. We used a Gaussian model to adjust a semivariogram graph in order to help to understand the variation of sample data values, and create a natural surface layer of data distribution over the area of study. By examining the statistical value and the visual inspection of surface layers, we saw that the models were consistent with the expected data behavior;therefore, we assumed that interpolation has been carried out appropriately. Our site-suitability map showed that Avicennia species was the most suitable species and matched with 50% of the study area, followed by Nypa fruticans, which occupied about 42%. These results were actually consistent with the mangrove zoning pattern in the region prior to deforestation and conversion.
文摘This paper quantifies the relationships among community type, peat layer thickness and habitat age of the mangrove forests in Pohnpei Island, Micronesia and provides a discussion concerning the primary succession and the belowground carbon storage of the main mangrove community types. The ages of the habitat were estimated from a relationship between the thickness of the mangrove peat layer and the formative period, which was decided by calibrated radiocarbon ages. Mangrove communities in the coral reef type habitat were generally arranged in the following order, from seaward to landward: 1) the Rhizophora stylosa or Sonneratia alba community (I or II communities), 2) the typical subunit of the S. alba subcommunity of the Rhizophora apiculata— Bruguiera gymnorrhiza community (III(2)a subunit) and 3) the Xylocarpus granatum subunit of the same subcommunity of the same community (III(2)b subunit). Their habitat ages were estimated to be younger than 460 years, between 360 and 1070 years and between 860 and 2300 years, respectively. Based on these results and other evidences such as photosynthetic characteristics and pollen analysis derived from the previous studies, the primary succession was inferred to have progressed in the order mentioned above. Belowground stored carbon for the main community types in the coral reef type habitat were estimated to be less than 370 t C ha-1 for the I and the II communities, between 290 and 860 t C ha-1 for the III(2)a subunit and between 700 and 1850 t C ha-1 for the III(2)b subunit.
文摘Nanometer oxide LaMnO3+λ and its counterparts with large particle size were comparatively studied for total oxidation of methane. XPS, TPR and nonstoichiometric oxygen (λ)analysis results identify that the nanometer chide contains more high valence cations, to which the adjacent lattice oxygen are responsible for total oxidation of methane at low temperature.
文摘In the present study, the safety of Hoemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccines inoculated in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle was evaluated. 680 infants aged 2-5 months and 6-12 months were selected to be the research subjects in whom the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated by injection in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle, respectively. The safety analysis indicated that there were no statistic differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions when the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated at different sites. So we concluded that the safety of inoculation injection of Hib conjugate vaccines in vastus lateralis muscle was the same as that inoculated in the upper arm deltoid.
文摘传统抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)通过将单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物相结合,实现对癌细胞的精准打击,但在稳定性、靶向性、疗效及安全性等方面依然存在诸多不足。新型ADC,如双特异性、位点特异性、双有效载荷和前药型ADC,通过同时结合2个不同抗原或表位、选择更稳定的连接子、与抗体特定氨基酸位点偶联、携带不同药物有效载荷以及采用前药策略等优化方法,在保留传统ADC作用特点的基础上,显著提高药物的稳定性、靶向性、疗效和安全性,能更好地满足临床治疗的需求。新型ADC可能会在未来的癌症治疗中发挥重要的作用。探讨新型ADC在癌症治疗中的进展并分析其优势与挑战,可为开发抗癌策略提供理论支持,为药物研发提供方向。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[42076176]Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China[2020J01048]+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China[20720210075]the Scientific and Technological Research Project for Social Welfare of Zhongshan City of China[2019B2005].
文摘Sequestration of blue carbon(C)in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management.This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiamen,China.A field study was conducted on 10-year-old Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata plantations(mono-Sa,mono-Ko)and a 15-year-old mixed plantation-.We found that mono-Ko had a significantly higher ecosystem C sequestration rate(3.32±0.62 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))than others when planted in the indirect shade of pioneer species.As a non-native species,Sonneratia performed better(0.57±0.01 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))when planted with Kandelia than in monotypic plantations.The temporary and long-term certified emission reduction(tCER and lCER)of the 12.98 ha mono-Ko was 4103.89 and 3693.50 net CO_(2)-e within 10 years,respectively.A literature review was conducted to show the compatibility of this study with other natural and plantation sites of China and Bangladesh(the native habitat for Sonneratia).The C sequestration of Sonneratia plantation sites in China is comparable with those in Bangladesh.However,the soil C accumulation rate for a Sonneratia monotypic plantation in Bangladesh decreased with age,yet the same did not occur in the plantations of China.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC0504104)the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670643)
文摘Background: There is a serious lack of experience regarding the productive potential of the natural forests in northeastern China, which severely limits the development of sustainable forest management strategies for this most important forest region in China. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to develop a first comprehensive system for estimating the wood production for the five dominant forest types.Methods: Based on a network of 384 field plots and using the state-space approach, we develop a system of dynamic stand models, for each of the five main forest types. Four models were developed and evaluated, including a base model and three extended models which include the effects of dominant height and climate variables. The four models were fitted, and their predictive strengths were tested, using the "seemingly unrelated regression"(SUR) technique.Results: All three of the extended models increased the accuracy of the predictions at varying degrees for the five major natural forest types of northeastern China. The inclusion of dominant height and two climate factors(precipitation and temperature) in the base model resulted in the best performance for all the forest types. On average, the root mean square values were reduced by 13.0% when compared with the base model.Conclusion: Both dominant height and climate factors were important variables in estimating forest production. This study not only presents a new method for estimating forest production for a large region, but also explains regional differences in the effect of site productivity and climate.
文摘In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years （range 15-51 years） with a mean stand density of 946 stems ha-~ （87-2374） and a mean diameter at breast height （over bark） of 19.6 cm （8.5-40.8 cm）. Site index was also examined in relation to soil type. Multiple samples were collected for three types of soil： light clay, medium clay and till. Site index curves were constructed using the col- lected data and compared with published reports. A number of dynamic equations were assessed for modeling top-height growth from total age.
