AIM: To introduce new applications into the ILCORcardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) "chain" sequence.METHODS: Stages of the CPR sequence("chain"): prior to the application of chest massage: assess ...AIM: To introduce new applications into the ILCORcardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) "chain" sequence.METHODS: Stages of the CPR sequence("chain"): prior to the application of chest massage: assess the victim's state of consciousness and lung-heart failure;seek help(call 911), or in situations in which it is impossible to start the ILCOR protocol:(1) if the victim is trapped in car crash, overturned car, landslide, massive number of victims or catastrophe; or(2) delayed CPR.During chest compression: Yongquan is simultaneously stimulated by a third rescuer. During defibrillator application: activate K-1 Yongquan through needles before defibrillation. Unsuccessful CPR: "gold standard"for legal clinical death.RESULTS: Implies comparing two hypotheses: Ho(null hypothesis) demonstrates no association between the two variables studied; Ha(alternative hypothesis) implies some degree of relation between them. Difference between the two treatments is observed. If it is greater than the standard error multiplied by a coefficient of security, the difference is significant: Ha will be accepted and Ho rejected. First we will compare CPR without defibrillator(method "A") and K-1 Yongquan method(method "B"), using percentages of representative samples(treatment "A": 6.4% response, treatment "B": 85% response). If │PA- PB│ is greater than the product of 1.96 times the standard error, the difference is significant. Because │PA- PB│ = 0.786 is greater than 0.098, the difference between 0.064 and 0.85 is statistically significant. Thus, we reject Ho and accept Ha as correct. Thus, it is improbable that chance was responsible for this association. This analysis shows that K-1 Yongquan method has a "quality guarantee". Second, we compare defibrillators("A") with K-1 Yongquan method("B")(treatment "A": 48%, treatment "B": 84%, │PA- PB│= 0.36; │PA- PB│ = 0.36 is greater than SE × 1.96 = 0.0148 and also statistically significant, demonstrating again the comparative value of the Yongquan method. CONCLUSION: The Yongquan resuscitation manoeuver is a non-invasive, non-tiring, costless, and easy-toapply procedure that provides a second chance when other options fail.展开更多
By solving the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equations in combination with the k- ε SST turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the obliquely towed tanker KVLCC2M model in both deep and...By solving the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equations in combination with the k- ε SST turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the obliquely towed tanker KVLCC2M model in both deep and shallow waters is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces, the surface pressure distribution, and the wake field are calculated. The overset grid technology is used to avoid the grid distortion in large drift angle cases. The effects of the free surface are taken into account. At the first stage, the deep water cases with five oblique angles are designed as the benchmark test cases. The predicted wake field, the surface pressure distribution and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull agree well with the corresponding experimental data, implying the capability of the present method in the prediction of the viscous flow around the tanker drifting in shallow water. A set of systematic computations with varying water depths and drift angles are then carried out to study the viscous flow around the model drifting in shallow water. The forces and moments, as well as the surface pressure distribution are predicted and analyzed. The most significant changes such as the increased stagnation pressure in the bow, the acceleration of the flow along the ship＇s sides and in the gap between ship and seabed, the lower hull pressure and finally, the stronger vortices along the bilges and weaker vortices with larger diameters in the wake are noticed.展开更多
文摘AIM: To introduce new applications into the ILCORcardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) "chain" sequence.METHODS: Stages of the CPR sequence("chain"): prior to the application of chest massage: assess the victim's state of consciousness and lung-heart failure;seek help(call 911), or in situations in which it is impossible to start the ILCOR protocol:(1) if the victim is trapped in car crash, overturned car, landslide, massive number of victims or catastrophe; or(2) delayed CPR.During chest compression: Yongquan is simultaneously stimulated by a third rescuer. During defibrillator application: activate K-1 Yongquan through needles before defibrillation. Unsuccessful CPR: "gold standard"for legal clinical death.RESULTS: Implies comparing two hypotheses: Ho(null hypothesis) demonstrates no association between the two variables studied; Ha(alternative hypothesis) implies some degree of relation between them. Difference between the two treatments is observed. If it is greater than the standard error multiplied by a coefficient of security, the difference is significant: Ha will be accepted and Ho rejected. First we will compare CPR without defibrillator(method "A") and K-1 Yongquan method(method "B"), using percentages of representative samples(treatment "A": 6.4% response, treatment "B": 85% response). If │PA- PB│ is greater than the product of 1.96 times the standard error, the difference is significant. Because │PA- PB│ = 0.786 is greater than 0.098, the difference between 0.064 and 0.85 is statistically significant. Thus, we reject Ho and accept Ha as correct. Thus, it is improbable that chance was responsible for this association. This analysis shows that K-1 Yongquan method has a "quality guarantee". Second, we compare defibrillators("A") with K-1 Yongquan method("B")(treatment "A": 48%, treatment "B": 84%, │PA- PB│= 0.36; │PA- PB│ = 0.36 is greater than SE × 1.96 = 0.0148 and also statistically significant, demonstrating again the comparative value of the Yongquan method. CONCLUSION: The Yongquan resuscitation manoeuver is a non-invasive, non-tiring, costless, and easy-toapply procedure that provides a second chance when other options fail.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.51379125,51490675,11432009,51579145 and 11272120)
文摘By solving the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equations in combination with the k- ε SST turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the obliquely towed tanker KVLCC2M model in both deep and shallow waters is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces, the surface pressure distribution, and the wake field are calculated. The overset grid technology is used to avoid the grid distortion in large drift angle cases. The effects of the free surface are taken into account. At the first stage, the deep water cases with five oblique angles are designed as the benchmark test cases. The predicted wake field, the surface pressure distribution and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull agree well with the corresponding experimental data, implying the capability of the present method in the prediction of the viscous flow around the tanker drifting in shallow water. A set of systematic computations with varying water depths and drift angles are then carried out to study the viscous flow around the model drifting in shallow water. The forces and moments, as well as the surface pressure distribution are predicted and analyzed. The most significant changes such as the increased stagnation pressure in the bow, the acceleration of the flow along the ship＇s sides and in the gap between ship and seabed, the lower hull pressure and finally, the stronger vortices along the bilges and weaker vortices with larger diameters in the wake are noticed.
