Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds that are produced through additive manufacturing are one of the most researched bone tissue engineering structures in the field.Due to the intrinsic limitations of PCL,carbon nanomateria...Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds that are produced through additive manufacturing are one of the most researched bone tissue engineering structures in the field.Due to the intrinsic limitations of PCL,carbon nanomaterials are often investigated to reinforce the PCL scaffolds.Despite several studies that have been conducted on carbon nanomaterials,such as graphene(G)and graphene oxide(GO),certain challenges remain in terms of the precise design of the biological and nonbiological properties of the scaffolds.This paper addresses this limitation by investigating both the nonbiological(element composition,surface,degradation,and thermal and mechanical properties)and biological characteristics of carbon nanomaterial-reinforced PCL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.Results showed that the incorporation of G and GO increased surface properties(reduced modulus and wettability),material crystallinity,crystallization temperature,and degradation rate.However,the variations in compressive modulus,strength,surface hardness,and cell metabolic activity strongly depended on the type of reinforcement.Finally,a series of phenomenological models were developed based on experimental results to describe the variations of scaffold’s weight,fiber diameter,porosity,and mechanical properties as functions of degradation time and carbon nanomaterial concentrations.The results presented in this paper enable the design of three-dimensional(3D)bone scaffolds with tuned properties by adjusting the type and concentration of different functional fillers.展开更多
Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and ...Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.展开更多
Manufactured nanomaterials with unique properties have been extensively applied in various indus-trial,agricultural or medical fields.However,some of the properties have been identified to be closely related to nanoma...Manufactured nanomaterials with unique properties have been extensively applied in various indus-trial,agricultural or medical fields.However,some of the properties have been identified to be closely related to nanomaterial toxicity.The"nano-paradox"has aroused concerns over the use and develop-ment of nanotechnology,which makes it difficult for regulatory agencies to regulate nanomaterials.The key to fulfilling proper nanomaterial regulation lies in the adequate understanding of the impact of nanomaterial properties on nano-bio interactions.To this end,we start the present work with a brief intro-duction to nano-bio interactions at different levels.Based on that,how key toxicity-associated properties of manufactured nanomaterials(i.e.,size,shape,chemical composition,surface properties,biocorona formation,agglomeration and/or aggregation state,and biodegradability)impact their toxicokinetics,cel-lular uptake,trafficking and responses,and toxicity mechanisms is deeply explored.Moreover,advanced analytical methods for studying nano-bio interactions are introduced.Furthermore,the current reg-ulatory and legislative frameworks for nanomaterial-containing products in different regions and/or countries are presented.Finally,we propose several challenges facing the nanotoxicology field and their possible solutions to shed light on the safety evaluation of nanomaterials.展开更多
Carbon nanotube(CNT),particularly single-walled CNT,possesses exceptional properties,and can be utilized in many high-end applications including high-performance electronics.However,the atomic arrangement of a CNT det...Carbon nanotube(CNT),particularly single-walled CNT,possesses exceptional properties,and can be utilized in many high-end applications including high-performance electronics.However,the atomic arrangement of a CNT determines its band structure,making the atomic-precision fabrication one of most important topics for the development of this material.In this perspective,the author gives a personal summary on the history,current status of the atomic-precision fabrication of CNT and outlines the remaining challenges as well as the possible paths that may lead the production of atomically precise CNTs from‘fabrication’to‘manufacturing’.展开更多
基金The authors wish to acknowledge Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)UK for the Global Challenges Research Fund(No.EP/R015139/1)Rosetrees Trust UK&Stoneygate Trust UK for the Enterprise Fellowship(Ref:M874).
文摘Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds that are produced through additive manufacturing are one of the most researched bone tissue engineering structures in the field.Due to the intrinsic limitations of PCL,carbon nanomaterials are often investigated to reinforce the PCL scaffolds.Despite several studies that have been conducted on carbon nanomaterials,such as graphene(G)and graphene oxide(GO),certain challenges remain in terms of the precise design of the biological and nonbiological properties of the scaffolds.This paper addresses this limitation by investigating both the nonbiological(element composition,surface,degradation,and thermal and mechanical properties)and biological characteristics of carbon nanomaterial-reinforced PCL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.Results showed that the incorporation of G and GO increased surface properties(reduced modulus and wettability),material crystallinity,crystallization temperature,and degradation rate.However,the variations in compressive modulus,strength,surface hardness,and cell metabolic activity strongly depended on the type of reinforcement.Finally,a series of phenomenological models were developed based on experimental results to describe the variations of scaffold’s weight,fiber diameter,porosity,and mechanical properties as functions of degradation time and carbon nanomaterial concentrations.The results presented in this paper enable the design of three-dimensional(3D)bone scaffolds with tuned properties by adjusting the type and concentration of different functional fillers.
文摘Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB36000000)the National Basic Research Program of China(grant No.2020YFA0710702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.51822207 and 51772292).
文摘Manufactured nanomaterials with unique properties have been extensively applied in various indus-trial,agricultural or medical fields.However,some of the properties have been identified to be closely related to nanomaterial toxicity.The"nano-paradox"has aroused concerns over the use and develop-ment of nanotechnology,which makes it difficult for regulatory agencies to regulate nanomaterials.The key to fulfilling proper nanomaterial regulation lies in the adequate understanding of the impact of nanomaterial properties on nano-bio interactions.To this end,we start the present work with a brief intro-duction to nano-bio interactions at different levels.Based on that,how key toxicity-associated properties of manufactured nanomaterials(i.e.,size,shape,chemical composition,surface properties,biocorona formation,agglomeration and/or aggregation state,and biodegradability)impact their toxicokinetics,cel-lular uptake,trafficking and responses,and toxicity mechanisms is deeply explored.Moreover,advanced analytical methods for studying nano-bio interactions are introduced.Furthermore,the current reg-ulatory and legislative frameworks for nanomaterial-containing products in different regions and/or countries are presented.Finally,we propose several challenges facing the nanotoxicology field and their possible solutions to shed light on the safety evaluation of nanomaterials.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP18H05329,JP19H02543,JP20H00220,and JP20KK0114)by JST,CREST Grant No.JPMJCR20B5,Japansupported by the‘Nanotechnology Platform’of the MEXT,Japan,Grant Nos.JPMXP09A20UT0063 and JPMXP09A21UT0050.
文摘Carbon nanotube(CNT),particularly single-walled CNT,possesses exceptional properties,and can be utilized in many high-end applications including high-performance electronics.However,the atomic arrangement of a CNT determines its band structure,making the atomic-precision fabrication one of most important topics for the development of this material.In this perspective,the author gives a personal summary on the history,current status of the atomic-precision fabrication of CNT and outlines the remaining challenges as well as the possible paths that may lead the production of atomically precise CNTs from‘fabrication’to‘manufacturing’.
