Enhancing Software Effort Estimation:A Hybrid Model Combining LSTM and Random Forest

Effort estimation plays a crucial role in software development projects,aiding in resource allocation,project planning,and risk management.Traditional estimation techniques often struggle to provide accurate estimates due to the complex nature of software projects.In recent years,machine learning approaches have shown promise in improving the accuracy of effort estimation models.This study proposes a hybrid model that combines Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)and Random Forest(RF)algorithms to enhance software effort estimation.The proposed hybrid model takes advantage of the strengths of both LSTM and RF algorithms.To evaluate the performance of the hybrid model,an extensive set of software development projects is used as the experimental dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model outperforms traditional estimation techniques in terms of accuracy and reliability.The integration of LSTM and RF enables the model to efficiently capture temporal dependencies and non-linear interactions in the software development data.The hybrid model enhances estimation accuracy,enabling project managers and stakeholders to make more precise predictions of effort needed for upcoming software projects.

The Influence of Academic Self-Efficacy on Learning Engagement in Online Education in China:The Mediating Role of Effort

The shift towards online intelligent learning has become the norm in education and is now a fundamental part of modern educational activities.However,this new model can influence students’learning behavior and lead to changes in their approach to learning.Based on online intelligent learning,we investigated how the academic self-efficacy of nursing students affects their engagement with learning and explored the role of academic attribution as a mediator.Five hundred fifty-three nursing college students from Hebei and Hunan provinces in China participated in the online questionnaire.The results revealed that effort plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning engagement.

Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women in China: Surveillance Efforts

In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of socioeconomic status and acculturation with cardiovascular disease （CVD） risk profiles and CVD and examine the CVD risk factors associated with CVD. We used data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance surveys, which consisted of a nationally representative sample of women. The following prevalence was found： myocardial infarction （MI）：

Seismic performance of buildings during 2011 Van earthquakes and rebuilding efforts

The October 23, 2011 M7.2 Tabanli - Van and November 9, 2011 M5.2 Edremit - Van earthquakes caused damage in a widespread area across the Van province in Turkey. The ground motions, the damage caused by these earthquakes and the recent progress related to recovery efforts are presented herein. First, the key properties of the recorded strong ground motions like spectral amplitudes and directionality are evaluated. The observed damage in the affected reinforced concrete and masonry structures are discussed. The set of common structural damage mechanisms （i.e., soft story failure, torsional response due to plan irregularity, short column failure, pull out failure, pounding） observed in the damaged buildings were identified. The relationship between the key structural properties and the extent of damage is investigated. The primary loss drivers across the region were identified to be the poor quality of workmanship and improper use of building materials. The results from the investigation suggest that a large portion of the loss could have been prevented if sufficient attention and care were given to the implementation of the design regulations and in particular to the construction practice. Lastly, the recent progress in the ongoing rebuildin~ activities is presented.

Transfer payments from the central government to the local governments and the local governments' efforts on taxation: taking China as an example

The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments＇ efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments＇ on the local governments＇ payments＇, this paper indicates that the local governments＇ efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods, It increases with the increase of the elasticity. Judge the degree of the local govet：nment＇s efforts on taxation by measure 2. After an empirical analysis on the transJer payments from the central government to the local governments＇from 2000 to 2004, this paper gets the con- clusion that the local governments＇ effbrts on taxation ctbates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local wiliing public paymentS. Under speCific Circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is. the smaller the local governments＇ efforts＇ on taxation is＂ under the central payments, whereas＇ the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the central pav- ments. Based on this＇, this paper gives the meaning of its eOrresponding pofiCieS. ＂

Evaluating the Conservation Efforts of Multi-Projects Using Remote Sensing and Light Use Efficiency Model: A Case of Nyungwe Forest National Park, Rwanda

This paper investigates the effectiveness of conservation efforts in the Nyungwe Forest National Park (Nyungwe). The forest is one of the six key landscapes identified for conservation in the Albertine Rift because it hosts many threatened species. As such, a number of different stakeholders have been involved in its conservation since 1987;yet, studies that emphasize and evaluate the success of these conservation efforts are limited. We combined a rapid and relatively low cost remotely-sensed data and the Light Use Efficiency model to generate forest conservation indicators such as NDVI, forest canopy Net Primary Productivity and carbon sequestered from 1986 to 2010. The influence of topographic and climatic factors on these indicators was examined. The supervised classifier was used to catalogue the area into Forest, Wetland, and Bareland. The forest was the major category (above 90%) of Nyungwe relative to wetland and bareland. Based on degradation intensity, two distinctive periods were realised;the first period spans 8 years (1986-1994) whereas the second spans 16 years (1994-2010). The former degradation intensity period is 10 times higher than the latter period. Although the size of forest recovered up to 90%, the daily NPP and carbon sequestration capacity decreased by 37.1% (i.e. NPP 6.5 Mg tons in 1986 to 4.1 Mg tons in 2010). Areas of the forest that are physically constrained (high altitude) had a higher degradation. Guided by our indicators, there is an overall success in conservation efforts, but efforts were mostly concentrated in accessible areas. Therefore, conservation efforts that aim to respond to degradation of the inaccessible areas of the forest should be stressed in the management plan of the park.

Greater Efforts to Combat AIDS

HIV-infected pat ients and those wi th other sexually-transmitted dis eases(STDs)have increased dras ti-cally in recent years in China.The first AIDS case was reported in 1985,and the number of HIV-infected pa-tients increased to 4,305 by August 1996,of which 131 had full-blown AIDS.The number ofHIV-infected patients in 1994 was double that of 1993,while the 1995 figure was triple the year before.

Joint Efforts to Improve Reproductive Health In Yunnan＇s poverty－stricken areas，a unique approach to assessment reveals women＇s reproductive health needs．

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Definition of Business as Usual and Its Impacts on Assessment of Mitigation Efforts

Business as Usual （BaU） scenario in developing countries has been a debated issue in climate change negotiations. This paper analyzes different definitions of BaU and points out that the major difference among these definitions is how to set the starting point of BaU projections, that is the so called base year. Some international institutions use current policy scenarios to project a BaU trajectory of developing countries. Such definition will lead to an underestimation of BaU emissions of developing countries and thus an underestimation of mitigation efforts. This paper concludes with a suggestion to use a without policy scenario with a clear base year as definition of BaU. Such a definition will set an objective benchmark to assess mitigation efforts of develonin countries.

Devoting Major Efforts to Developing Shanghai’s Open Education

Shanghai,arelatlvely developed region ofChlna In economy andeducatlon;Isstill facing the critical problem ofhuman resources scarcity and low competence oflabourers In order to become a modern metropolis,one of the Internatlonaleconomlc,nnanclal and trade centres.Statistics show thatthe city Is In need of600,000 highquahtled personnel by 2000.As Shanghai Is speeding up the adjustment ofindustrlalstructure,new and high tech Industries as well as knowledge-Intensive Industries areconstantly springing tip,and even In labourlntenslve Industries,the science andtechnology contentsbave also been Increasing,so It’s extremely urgent to trainurgently needed personnel and improve workers’competence universally.The municipal government of Shanghai thlllks highly of open education,andShanghai Education Commission（SEC）also sets It as one of＊thesion important tasks ofShanghai’s educational development. At present,SEC Is drafting the ninth nve、year plan for educational developmentandthe 2010’s target,ofwhich

Enhancing customers prevention efforts:An incentive feedback mechanism design

To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is introduced.The conditions for making customers and health maintenance organizations(HMOs)willing to participate in the proposed mechanism are given.A dual nonlinear programming model is used to identify the optimal prevention effort of customers and the pricing strategy of HMOs.Results show that to generate increased benefits,HMOs need to consider cost sharing when customers are not familiar with the proposed health services.When health services are gradually accepted,the cost sharing factor can be gradually reduced.Simulation shows that under random circumstances in which the market reaches a certain size,the proposed method exhibits a positive network externality.Motivated by network externality,HMOs only need to make their customers understand that the larger the number of participants,the greater the utility of each person.Such customers may then spontaneously invite others to purchase insurance.

Joint Efforts to Help FP Acceptors

In order lo promote the integration of family planning with sustainahle development,relevant departnents and agencies of the Sichuan Provincial Govemment have jointly launched a campaign to help and support the houscholds practising family planning to be the first t0 become well-of.These familics will become lcaders in practising family planning,superior in economic slatus and content in daily life.

On Women's Efforts in Changing their Fate in China and America

There are many American and Chinese literature works describing the great effort women have paid on changing their fates. This article takes Ba Jin's Home and Dreiser's Sister Carrie as examples, presenting an analysis about similarities and differences of these two works in light of the great effort women in both countries have paid in changing their fates.

HISTORICAL LESSONS AND COMMON EFFORTS FOR A BRIGHT FUTURE

The victory over fascisim in the Second World War was won 50 years ago withthe sacrifice of millions of lives and enormous bloodshed on the part of the peo-ple over all the world.It signifies the breakup of the old world order under thedomination of imperialist powers,a strong impetus to the advance of the globalforces of peace,a powerful stimulus to the upsurge of the movements for democra-cy and national liberation and a deathblow to the colonial system.By creating fa-

Efforts by China's Bicycle Industry to Revive

Bicycles are generally considered "Green Vehicles", with their cheap price and easy maintenance. China, known as the "Kingdom of Bicycles", has the largest output and export volume of whole bikes, but the industry has been in difficulties in recent years. The blind import of international capital is the main reason for the decline of the bicycle industry in the country. In the mid 1980s, cheap labor and optimistic market forecasts attracted international capital to China’s bicycle indus-

Consolidating the Idea of Booming Trade by Scientific Efforts

As the world economy develops in a globally-oriented way and world trade develops in an incorporate way, upgrading the competitiveness of our export commodities and trading efficiency have become the most important problems in national economic development. In the 1990s, scientific progress is stimulating the growth of international trade and the revolution in regional structure and product