基于Ordered Probit模型的人车冲突安全影响因素研究

为探究和定量分析人车冲突严重程度的影响因素,通过采集3个信号交叉口的人车冲突视频数据,利用T-Analyst标定人车轨迹并计算冲突指标(PET),采用85%位累计频率曲线法划分人车冲突等级;从人、车、路及环境特征中选取10个因素作为变量,构建Ordered Probit模型,以确立人车冲突严重程度的显著影响因素,并通过边际效应定量分析不同显著因素的影响程度。研究结果表明:行人闯红灯情况、年龄、行人交通量、人行道占用情况、人行道起点终点、车辆速度变化及车流量是人车冲突严重程度的显著因素,相较于各自参考量,行人闯红灯、车辆加速通过冲突点、人行道起点及老年人造成严重冲突的概率分别增加8.2%,5.9%,5.1%,4.4%;相较于低流量的交通流,较高流量的车流和行人交通流使得严重冲突的概率分别增加3.7%,2.5%,但人行道占用使得严重冲突的概率下降6.8%。研究结果可为信号交叉口行人过街交通安全设施的设计和实施提供理论依据。

基于Ordered Logit模型的民办高校科研成果转化影响因素研究

为研究民办高校科研成果转化影响因素,在专家访谈和实地调研的基础上,对K高校、C高校、B高校、Z高校等民办高校教师发放调查问卷收集数据,应用Ordered Logit模型对其影响因素进行了实证分析。分析发现,科研经费支持力度与科研成果数量之间呈正相关关系,高校科研平台设置与服务地方经济建设之间呈正相关关系,高校科研管理制度与科研成果转化成效之间呈正相关关系。由此得出结论:我国民办高校科研成果转化与服务地方经济能力有待提升,民办高校科研成果转化的金融支持不够灵活、公共服务平台不够健全,完善民办高校科研管理制度是提高科研成果转化效率的重要保障。

Enhanced Intertwined Spin and Charge Orders in the t–J Model in a Small J Case

The one-band t–J model captures strong correlations in cuprate high-temperature superconductors.It accounts for the various intertwined spin and charge orders,and the superconductivity in the phase diagrams.To see the correlation effect on the intertwined orders,we implement the density matrix renormalization group method to simulate the t–J model in a small J case with t/J=10,which is in a deeper Mott region than that with t/J?3 in cuprate superconducting compounds.We examine the results on a six-leg lattice with both the nearest and next-nearest-neighbor hoppings and antiferromagnetic coupling,and find the absence of superconductivity and enhanced intertwined spin and charge orders in the phase diagram.Besides the stripe phases,we find a new SDW+CDW phase in which the spin modulation is a(π,π)antiferromagnetism,while the wavelength of the charge modulation is shorter than that of the stripe phases.Our results suggest the enhanced intertwined orders and suppressed superconductivity in the deep Mott region.

Lottery Numbers and Ordered Statistics

The lottery has long captivated the imagination of players worldwide, offering the tantalizing possibility of life-changing wins. While winning the lottery is largely a matter of chance, as lottery drawings are typically random and unpredictable. Some people use the lottery terminal randomly generates numbers for them, some players choose numbers that hold personal significance to them, such as birthdays, anniversaries, or other important dates, some enthusiasts have turned to statistical analysis as a means to analyze past winning numbers identify patterns or frequencies. In this paper, we use order statistics to estimate the probability of specific order of numbers or number combinations being drawn in future drawings.

Effect of distribution shape on the melting transition, local ordering,and dynamics in a model size-polydisperse two-dimensional fluid

We study the effect of particle size polydispersity(δ) on the melting transition(T*), local ordering, solid–liquid coexistence phase and dynamics of two-dimensional Lennard–Jones fluids up to moderate polydispersity by means of computer simulations. The particle sizes are drawn at random from the Gaussian(G) and uniform(U) distribution functions.For these systems, we further consider two different kinds of particles, viz., particles having the same mass irrespective of size, and in the other case the mass of the particle scales with its size. It is observed that with increasing polydispersity,the value of T*initially increases due to improved packing efficiency(φ) followed by a decrease and terminates at δ ≈8%(U-system) and 14%(G-system) with no significant difference for both mass types. The interesting observation is that the particular value at which φ drops suddenly coincides with the peak of the heat capacity(CP) curve, indicating a transition. The quantification of local particle ordering through the hexatic order parameter(Q_6), Voronoi construction and pair correlation function reveals that the ordering decreases with increasing δ and T. Furthermore, the solid–liquid coexistence region for the G-system is shown to be comparatively wider in the T –δ plane phase diagram than that for the U system. Finally, the study of dynamics reveals that polydisperse systems relax faster compared to monodisperse systems;however, no significant qualitative differences, depending on the distribution type and mass polydispersity, are observed.

A novel variable-order fractional chaotic map and its dynamics

In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional calculus.Specially,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the system.By analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine map.The results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic windows.Multiple coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial values.Moreover,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.

Fractional-order heterogeneous memristive Rulkov neuronal network and its medical image watermarking application

This article proposes a novel fractional heterogeneous neural network by coupling a Rulkov neuron with a Hopfield neural network(FRHNN),utilizing memristors for emulating neural synapses.The study firstly demonstrates the coexistence of multiple firing patterns through phase diagrams,Lyapunov exponents(LEs),and bifurcation diagrams.Secondly,the parameter related firing behaviors are described through two-parameter bifurcation diagrams.Subsequently,local attraction basins reveal multi-stability phenomena related to initial values.Moreover,the proposed model is implemented on a microcomputer-based ARM platform,and the experimental results correspond to the numerical simulations.Finally,the article explores the application of digital watermarking for medical images,illustrating its features of excellent imperceptibility,extensive key space,and robustness against attacks including noise and cropping.

Pedestrian lane formation with following–overtaking model and measurement of system order

Pedestrian self-organizing movement plays a significant role in evacuation studies and architectural design.Lane formation,a typical self-organizing phenomenon,helps pedestrian system to become more orderly,the majority of following behavior model and overtaking behavior model are imprecise and unrealistic compared with pedestrian movement in the real world.In this study,a pedestrian dynamic model considering detailed modelling of the following behavior and overtaking behavior is constructed,and a method of measuring the lane formation and pedestrian system order based on information entropy is proposed.Simulation and analysis demonstrate that the following and avoidance behaviors are important factors of lane formation.A high tendency of following results in good lane formation.Both non-selective following behavior and aggressive overtaking behavior cause the system order to decrease.The most orderly following strategy for a pedestrian is to overtake the former pedestrian whose speed is lower than approximately 70%of his own.The influence of the obstacle layout on pedestrian lane and egress efficiency is also studied with this model.The presence of a small obstacle does not obstruct the walking of pedestrians;in contrast,it may help to improve the egress efficiency by guiding the pedestrian flow and mitigating the reduction of pedestrian system orderliness.

The chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-Y-Zn system:An ab-initio molecular dynamics investigation of melt for the formation mechanism of LPSO structure

In an effort to clarify the formation mechanism of LPSO structure in Mg-Y-Zn alloy,the chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y-Zn system are investigated with the aid of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation.In liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y alloys,the strong Mg-Y interaction is determined,which promotes the formation of fivefold symmetric local structure.For Mg-Zn alloys,the weak Mg-Zn interaction results in the fivefold symmetry weakening in the liquid structure.Due to the coexistence of Y and Zn,the strong attractive interaction is introduced in liquid Mg-Y-Zn ternary alloy,and contributes to the clustering of Mg,Y,Zn launched from Zn.What is more,the distribution of local structures becomes closer to that in pure Mg compared with that in binary Mg-Y and Mg-Zn alloys.These results should relate to the origins of the Y/Zn segregation zone and close-packed stacking mode in LPSO structure,which provides a new insight into the formation mechanism of LPSO structure at atomic level.

Triple reverse order law for the Drazin inverse

In this paper,we investigate the reverse order law for Drazin inverse of three bound-ed linear operators under some commutation relations.Moreover,the Drazin invertibility of sum is also obtained for two bounded linear operators and its expression is presented.

Cationic ordering transition in oxygen-redox layered oxide cathodes

Understanding the structural origin of the competition between oxygen 2p and transition-metal 3d orbitals in oxygen-redox(OR)layered oxides is eminently desirable for exploring reversible and high-energy-density Li/Na-ion cathodes.Here,we reveal the correlation between cationic ordering transition and OR degradation in ribbon-ordered P3-Na_(0.6)Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)O_(2) via in situ structural analysis.Comparing two different voltage windows,the OR capacity can be improved approximately twofold when suppressing the in-plane cationic ordering transition.We find that the intralayer cationic migration is promoted by electrochemical reduction from Mn^(4+)to Jahn–Teller Mn^(3+)and the concomitant NaO_(6) stacking transformation from triangular prisms to octahedra,resulting in the loss of ribbon ordering and electrochemical decay.First-principles calculations reveal that Mn^(4+)/Mn^(3+)charge ordering and alignment of the degenerate eg orbital induce lattice-level collective Jahn–Teller distortion,which favors intralayer Mn-ion migration and thereby accelerates OR degradation.These findings unravel the relationship between in-plane cationic ordering and OR reversibility and highlight the importance of superstructure protection for the rational design of reversible OR-active layered oxide cathodes.

Causes,Effects,and Control Measures of Construction Change Orders in the U.S.

Change orders have a significant impact on many aspects of construction projects.They are known to be the primary cause of litigation in the construction industry.Change orders are almost inevitable due to the uniqueness of each project from many perspectives,such as the type of building,complexity of the design,human factors,and the available resources.Change orders are the formal mechanism to implement design changes during the execution phase.These changes are usually the outcome of lack of visualization by the owner,misunderstanding,miscommunication between different parties involved in the project,shortage in resources,and other factors.This research aims to investigate and rank causes,effects,and control measures of change orders in the construction industry in the U.S.This research presents the results of a questionnaire surveying owners,contractors,and consultants.A total of 123 industry professionals in the Architecture,Engineering,and Construction(AEC)field,with either significant or final decision-making authority on reviewing,issuing,and approving change orders responded to the survey.Results indicated that owners are the primary source followed by consultants and contractors,respectively.Some of the more important control measures identified in this research are collaboration and visualization technologies.

Characterization of local chemical ordering and deformation behavior in high entropy alloys by transmission electron microscopy

Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied locations.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex alloys.In this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of HEAs.By using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was clarified.Moreover,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

SHARP MORREY REGULARITY THEORY FOR A FOURTH ORDER GEOMETRICAL EQUATION

This paper is a continuation of recent work by Guo-Xiang-Zheng[10].We deduce the sharp Morrey regularity theory for weak solutions to the fourth order nonhomogeneous Lamm-Rivière equation △^{2}u=△(V▽u)+div(w▽u)+(▽ω+F)·▽u+f in B^(4),under the smallest regularity assumptions of V,ω,ω,F,where f belongs to some Morrey spaces.This work was motivated by many geometrical problems such as the flow of biharmonic mappings.Our results deepens the Lp type regularity theory of[10],and generalizes the work of Du,Kang and Wang[4]on a second order problem to our fourth order problems.

ENTIRE SOLUTIONS OF HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH ENTIRE COEFFICIENTS HAVING THE SAME ORDER

In this paper,we consider entire solutions of higher order homogeneous differential equations with the entire coefficients having the same order,and prove that the entire solutions are of infinite lower order.The properties on the radial distribution,the limit direction of the Julia set and the existence of a Baker wandering domain of the entire solutions are also discussed.

Geometric regulation of collective cell tangential ordering migration

Collective cell migration is a coordinated movement of multi-cell systems essential for various processes throughout life.The collective motions often occur under spatial restrictions,hallmarked by the collective rotation of epithelial cells confined in circular substrates.Here,we aim to explore how geometric shapes of confinement regulate this collective cell movement.We develop quantitative methods for cell velocity orientation analysis,and find that boundary cells exhibit stronger tangential ordering migration than inner cells in circular pattern.Furthermore,decreased tangential ordering movement capability of collective cells in triangular and square patterns are observed,due to the disturbance of cell motion at unsmooth corners of these patterns.On the other hand,the collective cell rotation is slightly affected by a convex defect of the circular pattern,while almost hindered with a concave defect,also resulting from different smoothness features of their boundaries.Numerical simulations employing cell Potts model well reproduce and extend experimental observations.Together,our results highlight the importance of boundary smoothness in the regulation of collective cell tangential ordering migration.

Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg alloys.The current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal annealing.Depending on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg insertions.HAADF-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) clusters.In addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding layers.These results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

975 nm multimode semiconductor lasers with high-order Bragg diffraction gratings

The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calcu-lated using the 2D finite difference time domain(FDTD)algorithm and the scattering matrix method(SMM).The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized.A board area laser diode(BA-LD)with high-order diffraction grat-ings has been designed and fabricated.At output powers up to 10.5 W,the measured spectral width of full width at half maxi-mum(FWHM)is less than 0.5 nm.The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively nar-row the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.

China, Malaysia, and an Emerging New World Order

The strong relationship between China and Malaysia can be a catalyst for advancing a more stable and representative world order.By leveraging their close ties,both nations can collaborate on diplomatic initiatives,economic partnerships,and cultural exchanges that promote global stability and inclusivity.

Control system design for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a higher order sliding mode method

Nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable dynamics.Therefore,designing a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWR)is a fourth-generation conceptual reactor.In an SCWR,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling the nonlinearities.In this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWR was controlled during reactor power maneuvering with a higher order sliding mode,and the reactor outgoing steam temperature and pressure were controlled simultaneously.In an SCWR,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during power maneuvering.Reactor point kinetics equations with three groups of delayed neutrons were used in the simulation.Higher-order and classic sliding mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous studies.The controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and pressure.Notably,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of disturbances.The classic sliding mode controller had a higher accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering phenomenon.HOSMC was highly accurate and stable and had a small computational cost.In reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.