当前对于火星进入、下降与着陆过程(entry,descent and landing,EDL)气动环境认知不足,任务风险高。在EDL系统上搭载传感仪器进行飞行数据测量,重建火星大气和气动热环境,并开展充分全面的地面验证是验证科学设计工具和降低未来火星EDL...当前对于火星进入、下降与着陆过程(entry,descent and landing,EDL)气动环境认知不足,任务风险高。在EDL系统上搭载传感仪器进行飞行数据测量,重建火星大气和气动热环境,并开展充分全面的地面验证是验证科学设计工具和降低未来火星EDL任务风险的有效途径,对任务成功与否至关重要。本文首先回顾了人类火星探测任务的发展历程,明确设置热防护传感系统的必要性;然后系统总结了美国两次火星着陆任务MSL、Mars 2020,欧洲ExoMars2016任务和中国天问一号任务所搭载的EDL热防护传感系统的体系构成,以及为满足任务要求,如何进行仪器选择与布局;归纳了4次任务飞行数据的重建方法、关键技术和结果结论;最后给出了EDL热防护传感系统总结的经验、面临的技术难题和未来发展建议。展开更多
A project of the expedition to the north pole of Mars, which is carried out in two stages, has been developed. In the first stage, a space refueller and a mobile solar battery are delivered to the icy surface of the n...A project of the expedition to the north pole of Mars, which is carried out in two stages, has been developed. In the first stage, a space refueller and a mobile solar battery are delivered to the icy surface of the north pole of Mars. The delivery is carried out with the help of electric rocket ER-7, driven by the electric rocket engine “MARS”, and the source of electricity is a solar battery from gallium arsenide. In the second stage, the space train is formed from two interconnected ER-7 rockets and an orbital takeoff-landing capsule TLC-2, in which three astronauts land on the surface and carry out a complex of physical, biological and geological researches on Mars surface. The space refueller has been developed, which melts the water ice on the surface of Mars and with the help of an electrolyser and a liquefier produces fuel and oxidizer for the operation of the chemical rocket engine of the takeoff-landing capsule. To move astronauts from the north pole to the equator, a spacecraft—?marsoplane, which consists of the electric rocket ER-7 and the takeoff-landing capsule TLC-1 is developed. The duration of the expedition is 110 days at a cost of 2 billion dollars.展开更多
A project of the space train MARSZUG intended for regular delivery of astronauts to Mars is considered. In the first stage of the flight, the astronauts with the help of the carrier rocket equipped with a chemical roc...A project of the space train MARSZUG intended for regular delivery of astronauts to Mars is considered. In the first stage of the flight, the astronauts with the help of the carrier rocket equipped with a chemical rocket engine are delivered to the international space station (ISS). To deliver astronauts from Earth’s orbit to Mars orbit, a space train design consisting of two rockets, which have superconductive magnetoplasma electric engine MARS, has been developed. For the first time, a combined propulsion system MARS-M has been developed for the train movement, allowing<span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">carrying out the pitching, yaw and rotation of the rocket. This greatly simplifies the rocket control system and increases its reliability. The energy source of the electric engines is a sliding solar panel made of gallium arsenide. Working substance to create reactive thrust of electrorocket engines—hydrogen is stored in a liquid state in the cryogenic tank located along the longitudinal axis of the rocket. In the nasal part of the front electric rocket, a shaft rotating in a superconductive bearing is located. The shaft has a cylindrical nozzle, on which with the help of docking units two takeoff-landing capsules TLC-1 and TLC-2 are installed with which help landing and takeoff from the surface of Mars is carried out. This allows astronauts to constantly stay during the flight under the influence of gravity. To refuel the space train with liquid hydrogen in the orbit of Mars, the design of a space refueler with a chemical rocket engine is developed. The developed space train is able to regularly deliver astronauts to the surface near the northern pole of Mars.</span>展开更多
美国火星科学实验室(MSL)任务成功将"好奇"号火星车着陆到火星表面,开创了火星精确着陆探测的新局面。以MSL着陆任务为典型代表,分析了目前火星着陆探测进入、下降和着陆(Entry,Descent and Landing,EDL)过程的制导方案及制...美国火星科学实验室(MSL)任务成功将"好奇"号火星车着陆到火星表面,开创了火星精确着陆探测的新局面。以MSL着陆任务为典型代表,分析了目前火星着陆探测进入、下降和着陆(Entry,Descent and Landing,EDL)过程的制导方案及制导系统的发展趋势。以在火星高海拔、复杂地形区域定点着陆为潜在工程目标,归纳了火星EDL过程面临的制导主要问题。根据未来制导系统自主性和自适应性的技术需求及潜在工程任务制导面临的问题,提出了火星EDL制导方面需要解决的关键技术,并对其在未来工程中的应用潜力进行了展望。展开更多
文摘当前对于火星进入、下降与着陆过程(entry,descent and landing,EDL)气动环境认知不足,任务风险高。在EDL系统上搭载传感仪器进行飞行数据测量,重建火星大气和气动热环境,并开展充分全面的地面验证是验证科学设计工具和降低未来火星EDL任务风险的有效途径,对任务成功与否至关重要。本文首先回顾了人类火星探测任务的发展历程,明确设置热防护传感系统的必要性;然后系统总结了美国两次火星着陆任务MSL、Mars 2020,欧洲ExoMars2016任务和中国天问一号任务所搭载的EDL热防护传感系统的体系构成,以及为满足任务要求,如何进行仪器选择与布局;归纳了4次任务飞行数据的重建方法、关键技术和结果结论;最后给出了EDL热防护传感系统总结的经验、面临的技术难题和未来发展建议。
文摘A project of the expedition to the north pole of Mars, which is carried out in two stages, has been developed. In the first stage, a space refueller and a mobile solar battery are delivered to the icy surface of the north pole of Mars. The delivery is carried out with the help of electric rocket ER-7, driven by the electric rocket engine “MARS”, and the source of electricity is a solar battery from gallium arsenide. In the second stage, the space train is formed from two interconnected ER-7 rockets and an orbital takeoff-landing capsule TLC-2, in which three astronauts land on the surface and carry out a complex of physical, biological and geological researches on Mars surface. The space refueller has been developed, which melts the water ice on the surface of Mars and with the help of an electrolyser and a liquefier produces fuel and oxidizer for the operation of the chemical rocket engine of the takeoff-landing capsule. To move astronauts from the north pole to the equator, a spacecraft—?marsoplane, which consists of the electric rocket ER-7 and the takeoff-landing capsule TLC-1 is developed. The duration of the expedition is 110 days at a cost of 2 billion dollars.
文摘A project of the space train MARSZUG intended for regular delivery of astronauts to Mars is considered. In the first stage of the flight, the astronauts with the help of the carrier rocket equipped with a chemical rocket engine are delivered to the international space station (ISS). To deliver astronauts from Earth’s orbit to Mars orbit, a space train design consisting of two rockets, which have superconductive magnetoplasma electric engine MARS, has been developed. For the first time, a combined propulsion system MARS-M has been developed for the train movement, allowing<span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">carrying out the pitching, yaw and rotation of the rocket. This greatly simplifies the rocket control system and increases its reliability. The energy source of the electric engines is a sliding solar panel made of gallium arsenide. Working substance to create reactive thrust of electrorocket engines—hydrogen is stored in a liquid state in the cryogenic tank located along the longitudinal axis of the rocket. In the nasal part of the front electric rocket, a shaft rotating in a superconductive bearing is located. The shaft has a cylindrical nozzle, on which with the help of docking units two takeoff-landing capsules TLC-1 and TLC-2 are installed with which help landing and takeoff from the surface of Mars is carried out. This allows astronauts to constantly stay during the flight under the influence of gravity. To refuel the space train with liquid hydrogen in the orbit of Mars, the design of a space refueler with a chemical rocket engine is developed. The developed space train is able to regularly deliver astronauts to the surface near the northern pole of Mars.</span>
文摘美国火星科学实验室(MSL)任务成功将"好奇"号火星车着陆到火星表面,开创了火星精确着陆探测的新局面。以MSL着陆任务为典型代表,分析了目前火星着陆探测进入、下降和着陆(Entry,Descent and Landing,EDL)过程的制导方案及制导系统的发展趋势。以在火星高海拔、复杂地形区域定点着陆为潜在工程目标,归纳了火星EDL过程面临的制导主要问题。根据未来制导系统自主性和自适应性的技术需求及潜在工程任务制导面临的问题,提出了火星EDL制导方面需要解决的关键技术,并对其在未来工程中的应用潜力进行了展望。
