Dowex Marathon A固相萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品和水中硒含量

建立食品和水样中硒的Dowex Marathon A固相萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱检测方法,基于Dowex Marathon A树脂交换技术消除食品和水中金属离子对硒含量测定的干扰。硒的检出限为0.013μg/L,定量限为0.043μg/L,线性定量范围为0.1~10.0μg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 9,方法回收率不小于95%,相对标准偏差小于3%(n=11)。方法操作简单、灵敏度高、回收率好,适用于多种食品和水样中硒含量的测定,准确性通过标准物质验证,结果满意。

Heart Rate Variability, Standard of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation and Clinical Use in Mountain Marathon Runners during Sleep and after Acclimatization at 3480 m

Fluctuations in autonomic cardiovascular regulation during exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of heart attack during waking and sleep. This study compared heart rate variability (HVR) and its components during sleep at low altitude and after 30 - 41 hours of acclimatization at high altitude (3480 m) in five mountain marathon runners controlled for diet, drugs, light-dark cycle and jet lag. In comparison to sea level, RR-intervals during sleep at high altitude decreased significantly (P 0.001). The significant increase in sympathetic autonomic cardiovascular modulation at high altitude protects against excessive oxygen deprivation during sleep. Increases in R-R intervals can require longer periods of acclimatization at3480 m to mitigate the effects of altitude/hypoxia on sympathetic tone, thus reducing cardiovascular distress at rest during waking and sleep and probably before during and after athletic performance at altitude.

Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Arrest during Marathon Races in Japan

Objective: Increased number of runners in Japan has been one reason for increasing the risk of cardiac arrest during marathon races. The purpose of the study was to examine 1) the incidence of cardiac arrest during marathon races held in the past in Japan, 2) the characteristics of runners with cardiac arrest, 3) the effectiveness of public access defibrillation (PAD) use for cardiac arrest cases. Methods: We examined the incidence of the cardiac arrest during marathon races in Japan from the medical records of marathon races that Kokushikan University provided in the past five years. Also, we analyzed cardiac arrests occurred in Japan in the past 15 years between 1999 and 2013. Results: The incidence rate of cardiac arrest was 2.18 per 100,000 participants. As shown in Table 1, the incidence rates were 2.00 per 100,000 participants in full marathon and 2.50 per 100,000 participants in half-marathon. A total of 63 cardiac arrests occurred in the past 15 years, and the number of incidents has been increasing every year. Among 63 cardiac arrest cases, the mean age was 45.3 ± 14.9 years old and 93.7% (59/63 cases) were in males. Eighty-three percentage of cardiac arrest cases applied AED (20/24 cases) were the shockable rhythm. In terms of the survival rate, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases where both bystander CPR and PAD were delivered and the cases where the only bystander CPR took place without PAD (95.0% vs. 47.1%;p Conclusions: Performing PAD on the scene during marathon races could be expected to be higher in the survival rate. Creating a medical support system is needed to handle sudden cardiac arrest rapidly in order to perform early bystander CPR and PAD.

Haematological Changes of Half-Marathon Runners in the Sub-Saharan African Environment

Background: Measurement of haematological parameters has been historically helpful in the diagnosis of many diseases in endurance sportsmen. The modifications of these parameters during endurance race have not yet been evaluated in many African countries. Objectives: To determine haematological values before and immediately after a half-marathon event, as well as within 24 hours after the race and to analyze the changes observed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 21 August 2018 at Brazzaville, Congo. All measurements were confined to 76 male participants (39 specialists vs 37 no specialists of endurance race) in the Brazzaville half-marathon (21.1 km), aged between 19 - 39 years (mean age: 26.7 ± 2.6 years). Coulter profiles with differential white cell counts and haptoglobin levels were determined in venous sample before and after competitive half-marathon race. The same measurements were performed during the 24 hrs following the competition. Results: In the pre-race sample, mild anemia was detected in 12 subjects and mild thrombocytopenia in 7 subjects. Haptoglobin levels were reduced in 5 subjects. Haematological values, all post-race, varied significantly before and after race, particularly for RBC, Hb, Hct, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocyte counts, basophil counts, eosinophil counts and haptoglobin. These differences between specialists and no specialists were statistically (p Conclusion: Our data may help sport physicians, sport physiologists and trainers to better follow-up haematological reactions associated with the half-marathon race.

A Tenor Analysis of Barack Obama's Speech on Boston Marathon Bombing Event

Systemic-Functional Grammar is a sociologically oriented functional linguistic approach developed by M. A. K. Halli day. One of the focuses of SFG is register, which is composed of field, tenor and mode. Halliday particularly developed these three main parameters, which are useful for characterizing the nature of the social transaction of the participants. In this essay, the method of tenor is used for analyzing Barack Obama's speech on Boston Marathon bombing event to explore how Obama trans fers his ideas to audience in order to achieve his goals.

Blood Chemistry, Acid-Base, Electrolyte, Blood Lactate Metabolism and Sleep at 3480 m in Mountain Marathon Runners

Altered blood chemistry, acid-base and electrolyte are suggested determinants of sleep disturbance, with frequent arousal at high altitude even in well and long-trained altitude marathon runners. In this sample of experienced altitude marathon runners with maximal aerobic power at sea level of 61.4 ± 2.7 ml/kg-1·min-1 we found that pO2 and percent of oxygen saturation (%SO2) were lower at2050 mand3480 mthan at sea level;pO2 was higher after 38 - 41 hours than after 30 - 31 hours of acclimatization at3480 m(P 2 decreased (P 2 and (P 2 at a sleeping altitude of3480 mwas lower (P Simple regression analysis disclosed a significant correlation between the changes in TST and the percent of REM sleep and the changes in %SpaO2 recorded during sleep (P 2 at higher altitude and the percent of W and of TST (P 2, tCO2 and [HCO3-] correlated negatively and significantly with the percent of REM sleep changes at high altitude (P 2 and pH and correlated negatively with the changes in %SO2, pCO2, tCO2, and [HCO3-] (P ++] and [BE] and negatively with the changes in buffered bases [BB] and [BEeffective] (P 2 and significantly and negatively with the changes in [K+] (P 2, tCO2, [HCO3-] and [K+]

Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death during Marathons with Pre-Race Aspirin

Objectives: Prevention of sudden cardiac death is the number one clinical priority in sports cardiology. While the overall cardiovascular risk of long distance running is acknowledged as low, the frequency of cardiac arrests and sudden death has increased in middle-aged males during marathons since the year 2000. An evidence-based strategy for protecting susceptible runners from these acute cardiac events during races is considered based on identification of the underlying cause. Method: Review of articles in Pub Med on adverse cardiac events during marathons. Findings: Recent epidemiological studies have identified an increasing frequency of cardiac arrest in middle-aged males during marathons since the year 2000 with atherosclerotic heart disease as the main cause of sudden cardiac death. Same-aged asymptomatic middle-aged male physician-runners showed a post-race polymorphonuclear leukocytosis with sequential increases in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as a likely consequence of rhabdomyolysis after “hitting the wall”. Increased fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and D-dimer with in vivo platelet activation indicated a concurrent hemostatic imbalance with pro-coagulant effects. Cardiac troponins I and T and NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were elevated after races as additionally predictive of acute cardiac events in asymptomatic persons. Conclusions: High short-term risk for acute cardiac events in asymptomatic middle-aged male runners is shown by stratification of validated biomarkers, which may render non-obstructive coronary atherosclerotic plaques vulnerable to rupture during marathons. Pre-race aspirin usage is prudent to reduce these events mediated by atherothrombosis based on conclusive evidence for prevention of first acute myocardial infarctions in same-aged healthy male physicians. Prospective studies are needed to determine the efficacy of pre-race low-dose aspirin for curtailing the increasing frequency of race-related cardiac arrest and sudden death in susceptible runners.

The rationale for pre-race aspirin to protect susceptible runners from sudden cardiac death during marathons: Deconstructing the Pheidippides conundrum

Objectives: While endurance exercise such as training for marathons is cardioprotective, cardiac arrests and sudden death occur in previously healthy runners during races predominantly in middle-aged males due to atherosclerotic heart disease. Recent evidence related to this problem is reviewed herein including epidemiologic studies and findings related to acute cardiac risk in asymptomatic middle-aged male runners during races. Method: Literature review related to the above. Findings: The risks of cardiac arrest and sudden death were 1 in 57,002 and 1 in 171,005 respectively in runners with a mean age of 49.7 years among 1,710,052 participants in marathons in the United States since 1980. Atherosclerotic heart disease was the cause of death in over 90% of cases in two retrospective studies and a greater than two-fold increase in cardiac arrests was observed in middle-aged men in the latter half of a 10-year prospective registry beginning in the year 2000. Asymptomatic middle-aged male runners showed elevated biomarkers of inflammation such as interleukin-6, C-reactive protein together with procoagulant effects including in vivo platelet activation, indicating susceptibility to atherothrombosis. Conclusions: Antithrombotic prophylaxis is evidence-based by validated clinical paradigms to prevent cardiac arrest and sudden death in susceptibile marathon runners at high risk for atherothrombosis during races.

The Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Marathon Runners during Beirut-Marathon 2014

Objective: To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk factors among marathon runners during Beirut-Marathon 2014. Methods: A total of 325 marathon runners were divided into 42 km and 10 km groups. They were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors by measuring their BP and answering a questionnaire. The questionnaire composed of 22 questions related to demographic information, risk factors, medical history, family history, medical checkups, use of antihypertensive drugs and definition of hyponatremia. Results: There were 30 runners in the 42 km group and 295 in the 10 km group interviewed. The majority of 42 km runners were males 29 (96.7%) vs. 205 (69.5%) in the 10 km group, (P = 0.001). The 42 km group was older than 10 km group (47 ± 13.8 years vs. 38.5 ± 14.6 years;P = 0.0025). The prevalence of hypertension was 46.7% in the 42 km group as compared to 31.2% in the 10 km group (P = 0.08). Systolic BP (SBP) was higher in 42 km group vs. 10 km group (143 ± 22.4 mm Hg vs. 129.9 ± 17.8 mm Hg;P = 0.0004). The heart rate was lower among 42 km vs. 10 km group (71 ± 11.1 bpm vs. 84 ± 16 bpm;P Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of HTN among marathon runners but minorities were aware that they have hypertension. The 42 km runners tend to be older with higher systolic blood pressure as compared to the 10 km runners.

Research on Current Situation and Development Path of Marathon Events in Hubei Province

This paper studies and analyzes the basic situation of the marathon in Hubei Province in recent years by means of literature,field investigation and comparative analysis.It is concluded that:the number,scale and scope of marathon events in Hubei Province are increasing year by year.Inadequacies:low overall cultural literacy of participants,poor quality of the event service,further upgrading for the coverage and project setting,and lack of marketization of the event.Suggestions:improve the cultural literacy of participants in the event;comprehensively improve the service quality of the event;rationally adjust the event items and coverage;deeply explore the level of event development and realize the sustainable development of the marathon in Hubei Province.

红三叶草新品种Marathon

一种红三叶的新栽培品种,Marathon于1987年5月同时由USDA—ARS和威斯康星农业实验站推出。通过三年在美国北部的种植(第二个收获年)表明,Marathon是一个抗寒抗病产量很高的栽培品种。

Nutrition For Marathon Runners In Competition Season

The week or ten days before competition is the time to cut down the amount of training,but the quality of the food must be improved, i.e.comprehensive nutrient must be supplied so as to increase the energy reserve and speed up the recovery form the pre-competition training.Calories in the food supply should be reduced lest it causes the increase of body fat and weight.In pre-competition food, glycogen reserve Should be fully guaranteed, acid food of protein of fat must be replenished exceessively. Runners should eat fruit and vegetables as much as possible to fill up various vitamins and inorganic salts.

中南马拉松(Marathon)传输网综合业务监控软件的研发与应用

近十年来,通过自主研发,先后为多套监控力度薄弱、承载业务量庞大且重要性高的系统分别量身定做与之相适应的监控软件。因此,主要介绍了中南马拉松(Marathon)传输网综合业务监控软件的研发背景、研发部署情况、主要功能设计以及在保障民航安全生产业务传输中所发挥的作用。

Motivation dimensions for running a marathon:A new model emerging from the Motivation of Marathon Scale(MOMS)

Purpose:The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale(MOMS) model(Masters et al.,1993).Methods:The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners(age range:20–77 years) with experience in marathon running(range:1–44 runs).A confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) revealed that the original model failed to fit the data.Hence,exploratory factor analysis(EFA) was performed to test the best factorial solution for the current data,and a subsequent CFA was performed on the revised factorial structure.Then,a series of EFAs using maximum likelihood factor extraction method were performed.Results:The best structure solution for model-data fit resulted in 11 factors:psychological coping—emotional-related coping,psychological coping—everyday-life management,life meaning,self-esteem,recognition,affiliation,weight concerns,general health orientation—reduced disease prevalence and longevity,general health orientation—keep fit,competition,and personal goal achievement.Conclusion:This study provides a sound and solid framework for studying motivation for physically demanding tasks such as marathon runs,and needs to be similarly applied and tested in studies incorporating physical tasks which vary in mental demands.

我国马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系构建与实证研究

构建马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系作为加强体育市场监管、完善体育赛事活动安全监管服务标准的重要内容,旨在发挥其规范、引领和保障作用,维护公平、公正的竞赛环境和促进马拉松赛事健康有序发展。该研究运用文献资料法、德尔菲法、访谈法和层次分析法等,经过初选和两轮专家筛选,构建了由赛前监管、赛中监管、赛后监管3个一级指标、10个二级指标和27个三级指标组成的马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系,进而运用层次分析法计算各指标的权重系数,并以国内两场马拉松赛事为实证对象进行了检验。研究表明,两场马拉松赛事政府监管指标得分与实际情况较为相符,政府运用该监管指标体系进行测量能够反映马拉松赛事的组织管理水平。为了更好地发挥马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系的应用价值,提出了相应的对策建议:细化赛事监管事项,强化安全风险评估;加强赛事现场管控,营造安全稳定环境;规范组织管理流程,完善赛事评价反馈。

中日美马拉松发展特征的跨文化比较研究

运用文本分析和田野调查的研究方法,基于集体主义和个人主义的文化价值观维度视角,分析并比较中国、日本和美国马拉松发展的文化特征。研究表明,美国马拉松文化以个人主义为核心,发展出注重参与和休闲的消费跑者群体。日本马拉松文化基于以制度集体主义为核心的“和”的精神,发展出注重团体竞技的驿传。中国马拉松文化结合群内集体主义和传统文化,催生出具有拟亲属关系的跑团与独特的创意跑步风尚。在三国的马拉松发展中,大众媒体与运动社交类新媒体等媒介因素均起到重要的推动作用。基于美国和日本马拉松的发展经验,结合当代中国马拉松的发展现状,未来中国马拉松应重视发展更具有中国特色的马拉松,以进一步推动中国马拉松产业化、本土化和大众化。

马拉松运动员合理营养膳食研究

马拉松运动是对运动员体能和意志品质的综合考验,需要运动员具备出色的体能和合理的体力分配。营养、科学的饮食对于马拉松运动员的身体健康和训练效果至关重要。本文基于马拉松运动员的能量代谢特点,分析其训练过程中的膳食能量摄入需求,针对性地提出膳食能量摄入及营养补充建议,以更好地为马拉松运动员提供合理的运动营养支持。

长距离跑步着地模式运动生物力学特征的可视化分析

背景:近年来,随着长距离健身跑的热度持续上升,相关的科学问题也有了更多的研究进展,其中长距离跑的着地模式在跑步技术层面上是一个重要的生物力学研究热点。目的:借助CiteSpace对相关文献进行可视化分析,对近10年来足着地模式为主题的文献进行梳理,明晰足着地模式的现状、热点和趋势。在此基础上,从生物力学角度对足着地模式的主要研究热点进行进一步讨论。方法:以“Foot strike pattern,Rearfoot strike,non-Rearfoot strike,Forefoot strike,Midfoot strike”作为英文关键词,在Web of Science核心集数据库中检索,对纳入文献采用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析。结果与结论:①最终纳入896篇相关文献。年发文量总体呈上升趋势,发文量Top 3国家依次为美国、中国和英国;Top 3机构依次为哈佛大学、上海体育大学和马萨诸塞大学;Top 3作者依次为Davis Irene S,Hamill Joseph和傅维杰教授。②研究关键词以“裸足跑、跑者、损伤、足着地模式、运动学”出现频次较高,关键词聚类以“能量成本、负载率、足着地模式、危险因素、步态分析”研究至今仍持续火热。③详细分析上述数据后发现,近年来足着地模式整体研究热度保持稳定,热点主要集中于足着地模式的生物力学研究,此类研究趋势集中于不同着地模式(前足着地和后足着地)对于长距离跑者(裸足、穿鞋、距离、速度、损伤风险、跑步经济性和能量消耗等方面)的影响和适应性。④因此,目前研究提示,并无所谓“标准化最佳着地模式”,但可能存在“个性化最佳着地模式”,建议研究者未来要根据自己习惯方式、动作模式特征、运动水平以及任务属性进行有针对性的选择最优的着地模式和跑步技术策略,切勿生搬硬套。

区域资源禀赋视角下马拉松赛事举办的推动路径研究——一项模糊集定性比较分析

基于已有研究,选择政府、经济、文化、市场、体育产业等资源条件构建了马拉松赛事举办的促进路径模型,并选取17个省(自治区、直辖市)作为样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法探索推动马拉松赛事举办的不同组态路径。结果表明单个资源条件无法构成推动马拉松赛事举办的必要条件;共有3种组态路径能够推动马拉松的举办,即非文化推动路径、非市场推动路径、文化-市场推动路径。具备不同资源条件的省份可以根据本省的情况,选择不同的组态路径,优化相应资源条件,推动马拉松赛事持久健康发展。