Roles of Aqueous Extract of Marigold on Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic Islet β-Cells

Roles of Marigold extracts (ME) on arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced oxidative damage to pancreatic β-cells need to be further elucidated. In this study, NIT-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of and/or ATO, following by the cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay. Then, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxide (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured with a fluorescence probe method and colorimetric assay, respectively. The apoptosis rate and morphology was detected and observed with hoechst 33,258 staining assay. The mRNA levels and protein expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein immunoblotting assay, respectively. Our results indicated that Co-treatment with ME and ATO exacerbated the cell viability decreasing reduced by ATO, while the addition of ME after ATO treatment effectively promote the recovery of ATO reduced survival rates. The ATO group increased apoptosis (P P β-cells by modulating the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Inhibitory Effects of Extracts from Marigold(Tagetes patula) against Tomato Fusarium Wilt

[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore a new way for the control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt. [ Method ] Different solvents were used to prepare the ex-tracts of marigold, and the inhibitory effects of different extraction solvents and different extraction parts of marigold against Tomato Fusar/um Wilt were compared. [ Result ] Among different solvent extracts of marigold, chloroform extracts had the strongest inhibitory effects against the growth of the pathogen; among the chloro- form extracts from different parts of marigold, root extract had the most obvious inhibitory effect against the disease, followed by flower and leaf extracts, and the in- hibitory effect of stem extract was the weakest. [ Conclusion ] The active components of marigold have inhibitory effect against Tomato Fusarium Wilt, and the plant has good development prospects and application value.

Role of secondary metabolites of wild marigold in suppression of Johnson grass and Sun spurge

Objective: To analyze the wild marigold [(Tagetes minuta L.)(T. minuta)] leaf extract with respect to phytochemicals and allelopathic activity. Methods: The aqueous extracts of T. minuta leaves at concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% were prepared. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out and then allelopathic ef ect of T. minuta on root length, shoot length, germination, fresh and dry weight of Johnson grass and Sun spurge was tested on i lter paper and in soil.Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, l avonoides and terpenoids. The higher concentrations proved to be signii cantly ef ective in reducing almost all the parameters of Sun spurge and Johnson grass in i lter paper bioassay. Supplemented with the soil, all concentrations of leaf extract showed reduction in germination, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight of Sun spurge; however, 100% concentration signii cantly reduced the germination of Johnson grass. Conclusions: This study suggests that marigold allelochemicals can be used as an integrated weed management for the production of better crop yield.

Research Advances of Black Spot on Marigold

Marigold （ Tagetes erecta） originated in South America is the main raw material of lutein, which plays a vital role in treating maeula lutea retinae, im- proving immunity and delaying aging. Black spot is the main disease reducing marigold production. This paper concluded occurrence and damage of black spot, the species and symptoms of pathogens, pathogenic factors, selection of disease-resistant varieties and effective means against black spot, and made a briefly analysis of the existing problems and the corresponding solutions, in order to provide a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding of marigold.

Effects of Growing Conditions of Marigold in Ilam District, Nepal

Different growing conditions with temperature and sunlight variation could vary in flower growth and quality of marigold. Plant growth and flowering characteristics are compared in three different conditions viz. plastic house, shade house and open field. Three varieties of marigold viz. Marvel Yellow, Marvel Orange and Marvel Garland with similar cultural practices were grown and observed. Each variety with 6 replications was grown in three different growing conditions. Plant height, leaves formation, length of leaves, number of days to flower, number of flowers per plant and post harvest analysis were recorded. Plant growth characteristics followed by flowering behavior were found significantly better in plants grown under plastic house. During post harvest experiment Marvel Garland variety grown under plastic house with wet post harvest treatment was found significantly better compared to other conditions.

Lutein and lutein esters in marigold flowers by high performance chromatography

Lutein and lutein esters in marigold flowers was quantitatively determined by high performance chromatography （HPLC） with ODS-C 18 column.A mixture of CH3CNCD*2CH3OHCD*2CH3COOCH2CH3 with volume ratio of 55∶1∶44 was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection was carried out at 460nm. The column temperature was about 20℃. The contents of lutein and lutein esters were determined by analytical curve of lutein since lutein and lutein esters have the same spectral characteristics. Determination results of hexane extracts and saponified samples of lutein show that the saponification transforms the esters into free lutein. The increase of the content of dipalmitate and palmitate stearate reveals that the reaction includes transesterifications.

The Extraction of Lactic Acid from Fermentative Marigold Wastewater

As a natural yellow pigment,lutein is widely used in the human food and forage.A lot of wastewater is generated in this industry.It is urgent to deal with fermentative marigold wstewater for lutein industry.How to process the wastewatwer is more important.Centre on the process of fermentative marigold wstewater,used by polyaluminium chloride to flocculate,active carbon to bleach,then evaporating in the vacuum state and getting lactic acid finally.

星点设计-效应面法优化乙醚提取万寿菊中叶黄素的工艺条件

为优化从万寿菊鲜花中提取叶黄素的提取工艺条件,以乙醚与水的不同混合比例及振荡时间作为考察对象,提取率作为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用星点设计-效应面法,通过对设计的13组试验结果进行多元线性回归分析,建立数学模型,绘出三维效应面图,优化出最佳提取条件为:乙醚与水的体积比为7.12,振荡时间为27.78 min。按照最佳工艺条件实测提取率是2.51%,与理论预测的偏差值为4.9%。该模型失拟项不显著,模型可靠,实验设计简单,具有较好的可预测性。

八个万寿菊品种染色体核型分析

【目的】为研究万寿菊属不同品种间染色体核型差异,揭示不同品种万寿菊染色体核型差异。【方法】采用‘丰富’、‘印卡’、‘发现’黄、‘发现’橙、‘梦之月’、‘奇迹’、‘超美’、‘大英雄’8个品种为试材,研究了核型公式、平均臂长、最长与最短染色体的相对长度比、核型类型、染色体长度组成以及核型不对称系数等指标。【结果】8个品种万寿菊的核型不对称系数从大到小依次为‘丰富’、‘印卡’、‘大英雄’、‘发现’黄、‘梦之月’、‘发现’橙、‘奇迹’、‘超美’。核型参数的分析结果在此体现可以推出8种万寿菊的进化顺序为:‘超美’、‘奇迹’、‘发现’橙、‘梦之月’、‘发现’黄、‘大英雄’、‘印卡’、‘丰富’。【结论】证明万寿菊可能是万寿菊属相对比较进化的种。

石灰与生物炭对污染土壤理化性质、万寿菊生长与镉铅含量的影响

土壤镉铅污染已成为我国主要的环境问题,严重威胁着农业的可持续发展.因此,亟需探索经济、有效的土壤修复技术.采用云南兰坪铅锌矿周边重金属污染的农田土壤开展盆栽试验,研究石灰(2.0 g·kg^(-1))与生物炭(20.0 g·kg^(-1))对土壤理化性质、万寿菊(Tageteserecta L.)生长与镉铅累积的影响.结果表明:(1)石灰和生物炭均显著增加土壤pH、碱解氮含量、株高与生物量,单施生物炭还显著增加土壤速效钾含量,导致植株氮磷钾养分含量降低;(2)石灰和生物炭会降低土壤弱酸提取态镉、可还原态铅的含量,增加残渣态镉铅含量,有效态镉含量分别降低23.4%和17.6%,有效态铅含量分别降低32.4%和21.8%;(3)石灰和生物炭降低万寿菊植株镉铅含量与累积量,植株水溶态镉、氯化钠提取态铅含量降低,残渣态镉、铅含量增加,并显著降低万寿菊镉铅富集系数;(4)石灰和生物炭增加万寿菊菊花产量与叶黄素含量,导致叶黄素提取液的铅含量分别降低37.6%和30.3%;单施石灰导致叶黄素提取液的镉含量降低49.3%.可见,石灰和生物炭能改善污染土壤理化性质,降低土壤镉铅有效性与万寿菊植株镉铅含量,促进万寿菊生长,增加菊花产量,促进重金属污染农田的安全利用.

万寿菊叶黄素对蛋鸡蛋品质、血清生化指标、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

研究饲粮中添加万寿菊叶黄素(Marigold lutein)对蛋鸡蛋品质、血清生化、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取20~21周龄罗曼灰产蛋鸡432羽,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,另设阳性对照组,饲喂添加800 mg/kg万寿菊叶黄素的饲粮,命名为LDE-800组;其余4组为试验组,饲粮中分别添加200、400、800 mg/kg和1 600 mg/kg的万寿菊叶黄素分别命名为CG-200、CG-400、CG-800、CG-1600组。预试7 d,正试期56 d。于试验第28天和第56天测定蛋品质,在试验第56天采血测定免疫指标、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标。结果表明:(1)在蛋品质方面,在试验第28天时除CG-200组外其他试验组和阳性对照组的蛋黄颜色均显著提高,试验56 d时所有试验组和阳性对照组的蛋黄颜色均显著提高,但万寿菊叶黄素对其他蛋品质指标均无显著影响。(2)在血清生化方面,CG-1600组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量显著增加(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性也显著增加(P<0.05);CG-200组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性则显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)在免疫功能方面,CG-200组和阳性对照组的蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量有显著提高(P<0.05);CG-400、CG-1600组和阳性对照组的蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著提高(P<0.05);CG-800、CG-1600组和阳性对照组蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05);CG-200组的蛋鸡血清白介素10(IL-10)含量显著提高(P<0.05),阳性对照组蛋鸡血清干扰素γ(INF-γ)含量有显著提高。(4)在抗氧化能力方面,CG-400组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);CG-400、CG-800组血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强(P<0.05);CG-800、CG-1600组和阳性对照组血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增强(P<0.05);所有剂量组均对血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量的万寿菊叶黄素能够显著改善蛋黄颜色,并能增强机体的免疫功能及抗氧化能力。

万寿菊黄酮对热应激肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在探究万寿菊黄酮对热应激肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取健康无病的西门塔尔公牛60头,按照体重[(518.32±25.59)kg]相近原则,随机分为4组,每组15头。对照组(M0组)饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),试验组在TMR基础上分别添加3(M3组)、6(M6组)和9 g/(d·头)(M9组)的万寿菊黄酮。试验期共67 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期60 d。试验期间平均温湿度指数为80.06,肉牛处于中度热应激状态。结果表明:1)与M0组相比,M6组第40天呼吸频率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与M0组相比,M3和M6组平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。3)第60天时,与M0组相比,M6和M9组干物质(DM)表观消化率显著升高(P=0.05),M6组粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05),M3和M6组钙(Ca)和磷(P)表观消化率显著升高(P≤0.05)。4)第60天时,与M0组相比,M3和M6组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),M6组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P=0.05)。5)第60天时,与M0组相比,M3、M6和M9组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量显著升高(P<0.05),M6组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加万寿菊黄酮可有效降低热应激肉牛的呼吸频率,改善生长性能,增强机体的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,且以添加6 g/(d·头)的万寿菊黄酮效果最佳。

基于RAW264.7细胞模型的槲皮万寿菊素与叶黄素协同改善急性肺损伤的作用机制

为解析槲皮万寿菊素、槲皮素与叶黄素单独处理以及联合处理对急性肺损伤的作用机制,以脂多糖诱导构建RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,以一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)相对含量为评价指标,采用联合指数法确定槲皮万寿菊素与叶黄素以及槲皮素与叶黄素的最佳复配比例;分析比较槲皮万寿菊素、槲皮素与叶黄素单独及联合处理对RAW264.7细胞中炎症因子(肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6)含量、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响;采用免疫印迹法测定核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路中p65、p50以及沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2,Nrf2)和NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)的相对表达量。结果表明,槲皮万寿菊素与叶黄素高剂量3∶1(30μg/mL+10μg/mL)复配能够最大程度降低RAW264.7细胞中的NO相对含量。二者单独及联合作用均能通过降低炎症因子、丙二醛含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,下调NF-κB p65、p50以及NLRP3表达水平并上调SIRT1、Nrf2蛋白相对表达量发挥改善急性肺损伤的作用,且联合处理效果优于单独处理组。

外源钙对盐碱胁迫下万寿菊生长及光合特性的影响

【目的】探究外源CaCl_(2)对盐碱胁迫下万寿菊生长和光合特性的影响,为应用CaCl_(2)提高盐碱地上万寿菊栽培效率和产品品质提供理论支撑。【方法】以万寿菊幼苗为试材,设置浇灌清水(CK_(1))、根灌80 mmol/L混合盐碱溶液(CK_(2))和根灌盐碱后叶面喷施4种浓度CaCl_(2)溶液处理(5,10,15,20 mmol/L)进行盆栽试验,观测植株生长表型、叶片光合色素含量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数。【结果】随着盐碱胁迫时间延长,万寿菊植株的株高、茎粗、根系构型和根冠比呈逐渐上升趋势,叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾系数(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))、叶绿素总量(Chl_(t))和最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))等均呈下降趋势,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))呈上升趋势,但这些指标在叶面喷施不同浓度CaCl_(2)后变化幅度均有所降低,并均以10 mmol/L CaCl_(2)处理效果最佳。在胁迫第20天时,10 mmol/L CaCl_(2)处理叶片Chl t、P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)、F_(v)/F_(m)分别比CK_(2)显著升高46.78%、45.53%、49.51%、49.57%和32.83%,其根冠比和C_(i)则分别显著降低22.60%和30.91%。【结论】叶面喷施10 mmol/L CaCl_(2)可显著减轻盐碱胁迫下万寿菊叶片叶绿素含量降幅,提高PSⅡ的电子传递速率,增强叶片的光合能力,有效改善植株生长。

Efficient Microorganism Compost Benefits Plant Growth and Improves Soil Health in Calendula and Marigold

Organic farming needs to be promoted as a means of sustaining soil health and reducing the cost of farming, especially for small farmers.The present study deals with the effect of organic compost, prepared using Efficient Microorganism(EM) consortium and applied along with full or half of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, on the growth of Calendula and Marigold plants, soil physico-chemical parameters and soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities were improved with the increase in the rate of EM compost application in both Calendula and Marigold. Carotenoid pigment increased by 46.11% and 12.19% with application of EM compost over the control in Calendula and Marigold flowers respectively. Soil humus, available nitrogen and organic carbon content also increased due to the supplementation of EM compost resulting in better soil fertility. For Calendula, treatment T5(Half dose NPK + EM compost 20 000 kg·hm^(-2)) was found to be the most promising in terms of acid phosphatase(82.63 μg p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate·g^(-1)·h^(-1)), dehydrogenase(10.46 μg Triphenyl Formazan·g^(-1)·d^(-1)) and β-glucosidase(0.30 IU·g^(-1)) activities. In Marigold, treatment C(Half dose NPK + EM compost 5 000 kg·hm^(-2)) was the most promising in terms of amendment in soil enzyme activities.

De novo Flower-bud Differentiation in Tissue Culture of Marigold, Violet Orychophragmus and Tobacco

Floral bud differentiation in vitro is affected by many factors, among which the effect of exogenous phytohormones is striking. According to the study of floral gradient, however, it is possible that the function of phytohormones in floral bud regeneration in vitro may be just a 'trigger', i.e. providing a suitable condition for those cells to express the po-

万寿菊叶黄素的生物学功能及在家禽生产中的应用研究进展

万寿菊叶黄素是一种天然植物提取物,具有着色、抗炎、抗氧化、提高免疫等生物学功能。与传统提取技术相比,利用超声波辅助提取、超临界流体萃取、酶辅助提取等现代提取技术提取万寿菊中有效成分的效率及得率显著提高,为万寿菊提取物的提取提供了有效、可靠的方法。目前,关于万寿菊叶黄素的研究主要集中于蛋鸡蛋黄中的色素沉积,在肉鸡及其他动物的免疫、肠道菌群及色素的吸收和代谢途径的作用机制等方面仍需进一步深入研究。本文主要综述了万寿菊叶黄素的提取工艺、生物学功能及万寿菊叶黄素在家禽中的应用,旨在为万寿菊叶黄素在家禽日粮中的进一步开发和利用提供理论参考。

液相色谱法测定不同地区的万寿菊花中槲皮万寿菊苷的含量

建立新的万寿菊花等产品中槲皮万寿菊苷HPLC检测方法,并对不同地区的万寿菊花中槲皮万寿菊素和槲皮万寿菊苷的含量进行了检测和差异对比。确定色谱柱为:SHUSEUDO MGⅡC18 (250 mm×4.6mm,2.5μm),柱温:30℃,进样量:10μL,液相条件为:乙腈和0.1%磷酸梯度洗脱,运行时间:33 min,流速1 mL/min,波长358 nm,以60%甲醇作为萃取液,结果表明,槲皮万寿菊苷保留时间在10.740 min,测定线性范围为0.004~0.522 mg/mL,R^(2)=0.999,当添加量为0.261~0.522 mg/kg,回收率为95.40%~96.89%。样品检测误差要求为原料≤5%,过程样品≤3%。通过对比不同地区的万寿菊花中QG及QG糖苷的含量,明确了不同地区的万寿菊花中QG及QG糖苷含量差异较大,云南地区万寿菊花中QG糖苷含量高于新疆、河北地区,而QG含量则相反。该方法能够满足检测需求,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于万寿菊花等产品中槲皮万寿菊苷的测定。

HPLC测定万寿菊发育过程中不同部位黄酮含量变化

建立一种高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法,对不同发育时期的万寿菊花、叶、茎、根中的8种黄酮成分进行测定。结果表明:(1)建立的高效液相色谱方法精密度、重复性及稳定性良好,可用于万寿菊中黄酮成分含量的测定。(2)万寿菊各部位的黄酮含量差异显著,总量对比为花>叶>茎>根。(3)槲皮万寿菊苷和槲皮万寿菊素是花的主要黄酮成分,而根、茎、叶的主要黄酮成分分别为槲皮万寿菊素、槲皮万寿菊苷和山奈苷。(4)随着生长发育,万寿菊花中总黄酮含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在半开花蕾期最高;根、茎、叶中黄酮总量整体呈下降趋势,均在幼苗期最高。该研究建立了一种同时测定万寿菊中8种黄酮成分的HPLC检测方法,确定了万寿菊的主要黄酮成分为槲皮万寿菊素,且半开花蕾期的花中含量最高,适用于大量提取万寿菊黄酮。该结果为万寿菊的进一步合理开发与综合利用提供了参考依据。

一种可智能升降电动万寿菊采摘机的设计与试验

万寿菊是重要的药食同源中药材,需求广泛,年种植量巨大。然而,由于收获要求高、花朵垂直分布范围大,其采摘目前依然只能手工完成,劳动强度大、效费比低,已严重制约了其产业的发展。为此,设计了一种全新的万寿菊采摘机,其主要由高通过性机架、电动驱动轮、智能升降采摘系统、激光雷达、储花袋和控制系统组成,锂电池组为全机提供动力。其一,该机梳齿式采摘台根据万寿菊生理参数和结构特点设计,以拔摘式方式摘除,其特点是进花率高、且对未达采摘要求的花苞误摘率低。其二,控制系统可据激光雷达数据求得万寿菊平均高度,并据此自主决定摘台位置,从而提高花朵采摘率,降低劳动强度,达到应收尽收。田间试验表明:该采摘机运行流畅,万寿菊平均高度的测量误差在1 cm之内。当梳齿间距为12 mm、梳齿长度为250 mm、前进速度为0.3 m/s时,采摘效果最佳,采摘率不低于91.55%,误摘率不超过8.82%。该成果是智能检测及控制系统在中药材收获领域的一次有益尝试,为精准农业理念更深入的推广应用提供了新借鉴。