1 Introduction Biological markers or biomarkers(Eglinton et al.,1964;Eglinton and Calvin,1967)are molecular fossils,which were derived from once living organisms through the earth history.They occur in sediments,rocks...1 Introduction Biological markers or biomarkers(Eglinton et al.,1964;Eglinton and Calvin,1967)are molecular fossils,which were derived from once living organisms through the earth history.They occur in sediments,rocks,and crude展开更多
In power production,gas turbines are commonly used components that generate high amount of energy depending on size and weight.They function as integral parts of helicopters,aircrafts,trains,ships,electrical generator...In power production,gas turbines are commonly used components that generate high amount of energy depending on size and weight.They function as integral parts of helicopters,aircrafts,trains,ships,electrical generators,and tanks.Notably,many researchers are focusing on the design,operation,and maintenance of gas turbines.The focal point of this paper is a DEMATEL approach based on fuzzy sets,with the attempt to use these fuzzy sets explicitly.Using this approach,the cause–effect diagram of gas turbine failures expressed in the literature is generated and aimed to create a perspective for operators.The results of the study show that,"connecting shaft has been broken between turbine and gear box"selected the most important cause factor and"sufficient pressure fuel does not come for fuel pump"is selected the most important effect factor,according to the experts.展开更多
Longline fisheries for tunas and tuna-like species present an existential threat to many populations of albatrosses and petrels worldwide. To prevent this form of mortality we developed a new technology designed to de...Longline fisheries for tunas and tuna-like species present an existential threat to many populations of albatrosses and petrels worldwide. To prevent this form of mortality we developed a new technology designed to deploy baited hooks underwater beyond the dive depths of?seabirds (6 - 10 m for the species most commonly caught). The underwater bait setter is a stern-mounted, hydraulically-operated and computer-controlled?device that catapults?baited hooks underwater in a steel capsule?connected to hydraulic winches by Spectra®rope. Baits are flushed from the capsule by water pressure through a spring-loaded bait release door. The chief engineering challenges in the developmental stageswere ensuring:?1) bait delivery?to target depths with cycle times (time from release to recovery) that were practical for fishing operations;?2) bait retention in the capsule (no drop-outs) on the descent phase of the cycle;?3) baits, upon?release at target depth, were not drawn up the water column on the capsule recovery phase (from possible hook-ups and/or suction);and?4) the retention of baits?on?hooks post-release from the capsule was not affected by the mechanical release underwater. Operational trials with the final version of the capsule yielded?satisfactory cycle times to depths of 6 - 10 m. All baits were retained?in the capsule on the descent and?released as required?at target depths (n = 606 deployments). Bait retention on hooks post release from the capsule and retention on hooks hand-set at the surface (the conventional method) were statistically indistinguishable.?The underwater bait setter is modular in construction and can be fitted to all types of vessel sterns.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41172126)
文摘1 Introduction Biological markers or biomarkers(Eglinton et al.,1964;Eglinton and Calvin,1967)are molecular fossils,which were derived from once living organisms through the earth history.They occur in sediments,rocks,and crude
文摘In power production,gas turbines are commonly used components that generate high amount of energy depending on size and weight.They function as integral parts of helicopters,aircrafts,trains,ships,electrical generators,and tanks.Notably,many researchers are focusing on the design,operation,and maintenance of gas turbines.The focal point of this paper is a DEMATEL approach based on fuzzy sets,with the attempt to use these fuzzy sets explicitly.Using this approach,the cause–effect diagram of gas turbine failures expressed in the literature is generated and aimed to create a perspective for operators.The results of the study show that,"connecting shaft has been broken between turbine and gear box"selected the most important cause factor and"sufficient pressure fuel does not come for fuel pump"is selected the most important effect factor,according to the experts.
文摘Longline fisheries for tunas and tuna-like species present an existential threat to many populations of albatrosses and petrels worldwide. To prevent this form of mortality we developed a new technology designed to deploy baited hooks underwater beyond the dive depths of?seabirds (6 - 10 m for the species most commonly caught). The underwater bait setter is a stern-mounted, hydraulically-operated and computer-controlled?device that catapults?baited hooks underwater in a steel capsule?connected to hydraulic winches by Spectra®rope. Baits are flushed from the capsule by water pressure through a spring-loaded bait release door. The chief engineering challenges in the developmental stageswere ensuring:?1) bait delivery?to target depths with cycle times (time from release to recovery) that were practical for fishing operations;?2) bait retention in the capsule (no drop-outs) on the descent phase of the cycle;?3) baits, upon?release at target depth, were not drawn up the water column on the capsule recovery phase (from possible hook-ups and/or suction);and?4) the retention of baits?on?hooks post-release from the capsule was not affected by the mechanical release underwater. Operational trials with the final version of the capsule yielded?satisfactory cycle times to depths of 6 - 10 m. All baits were retained?in the capsule on the descent and?released as required?at target depths (n = 606 deployments). Bait retention on hooks post release from the capsule and retention on hooks hand-set at the surface (the conventional method) were statistically indistinguishable.?The underwater bait setter is modular in construction and can be fitted to all types of vessel sterns.
