In order to improve the efficiency and safety of search and rescue(SAR)at sea,this paper proposes a kind of emergency rapid rescue unmanned craft(air-dropped unmanned maritime motorized search and rescue platform)that...In order to improve the efficiency and safety of search and rescue(SAR)at sea,this paper proposes a kind of emergency rapid rescue unmanned craft(air-dropped unmanned maritime motorized search and rescue platform)that can be delivered by a large transport aircraft.This paper studies the structural design scheme of the platform,and the main scale of the platform,the choice of power system and the impact resistance performance are considered in the design process to ensure its rapid response and effective rescue capability under complex sea conditions.Simulation results show that the platform can withstand the impact of air injection into the water and the shipboard equipment can operate normally under the impact load,thus verifying the feasibility and safety of the design.This study serves to improve the maritime search and rescue system and enhance the oceanic emergency response capability.展开更多
Prevailing maritime relations in the present era resort to arbitration to resolve arising disputes where parties of these relations should agree on the solution to the current or future conflicts arising from them to ...Prevailing maritime relations in the present era resort to arbitration to resolve arising disputes where parties of these relations should agree on the solution to the current or future conflicts arising from them to a specialist arbitrators of their choice known for their competence and experience in the maritime field to adjudicate the provisions of the arbitration binding. Maritime arbitration grew since the time of the Romans, and spread to the Middle Ages as a simple, flexible and specialized system to resolve maritime disputes, but it gained popularity in the present era as a result of booming international trade and commerce between different countries where this trade found that shipping is the best way among different means of transportation for its low costs and the large volume of cargo transported by it. Marine disputes submitted for arbitration are many and varied, some of which comes from the contract between the stakeholders and others arising from maritime accidents, and examples of the first group is the shipbuilding, repair, sold, leased and insured contracts, the transport of goods or people contracts, marine sales contracts as well as the diameter of maritime contracts. The second group is maritime collision, Assistance and Rescue and the settlement of joint naval losses. London and New York are considered of the most cities in the world that embrace this type of arbitration followed by Paris and Tokyo. In London alone there are more than four hundred nautical arbitration rulings in each year.展开更多
Helicopter plays an increasingly significant role in Maritime Search and Rescue(MSAR),and it will perform MSAR mission based on response plans when an accident occurs.Thus the rationality of response plan determines t...Helicopter plays an increasingly significant role in Maritime Search and Rescue(MSAR),and it will perform MSAR mission based on response plans when an accident occurs.Thus the rationality of response plan determines the success of MSAR mission to a large extent.However,with the impact of many uncertainty factors,it is difficult to evaluate response plans comprehensively before performing them.Aiming at these problems,an evaluation framework of helicopter MSAR response plan named UMAD is proposed in this paper,which reveals the influence mechanism of uncertainty factors based on Multi-Agent method and analyzes the mission flow based on Discrete Event System(DEVS)method.Furthermore,the evaluation criterion and indicators of response plan are extracted from the aspects of safety and effectiveness.Meanwhile,the Monte Carlo method is adapted to calculate the probability distribution and robustness of response plan comprehensive result.Finally,in order to illustrate the validity of this method,it is discussed and verified by an application example of evaluating multiple response plans to the same MSAR scenario.The results show that this method can analyze the influence of uncertainty more systematically and optimize response plans more comprehensively.展开更多
Locating the marine target in a quick and precise way is the crucial point of implementing SAR （search and rescue） at sea, which involves aspects of developing SAR strategy and detects the marine targets. As the eff...Locating the marine target in a quick and precise way is the crucial point of implementing SAR （search and rescue） at sea, which involves aspects of developing SAR strategy and detects the marine targets. As the effect of marine target detection restricts the SAR result directly, the study has focused on reviewing the previous research about marine target detection, especially dim marine target detection. What＇s more, small target detection under complex sea status is one of the severe challenges which is research＇s hotspot and needs more endeavor. Current research results and future research directions are discussed in the paper. The findings can provide systematic view of implementing maritime search and rescue for field researchers and governors.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main cause of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. After more than 20 years of experience in H pylori treatment, in my opinion, the ideal regimen...Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main cause of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. After more than 20 years of experience in H pylori treatment, in my opinion, the ideal regimen to treat this infection is still to be found. Currently, apart from having to know first-line eradication regimens well, we must also be prepared to face treatment failures. Therefore, in designing a treatment strategy we should not focus on the results of primary therapy alone, but also on the final (overall) eradication rate. The choice of a "rescue" treatment depends on which treatment is used initially. If a clarithromycin- based regimen was used initially, a subsequent metronidazole-based treatment (quadruple therapy) may be used afterwards, and then a levofloxacin- based combination would be a third "rescue" option. Alternatively, it has recently been suggested that levofloxacin-based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging second-line strategy, representing an alternative to quadruple therapy in patients with previous PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin failure, with the advantage of efficacy, simplicity and safety. In this case, a quadruple regimen may be reserved as a third-line rescue option. Finally, rifabutin-based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging empirical fourth- line strategy after multiple previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and levofloxacin. Even after two consecutive failures, several studies have demonstrated that H pylori eradication can finally be achieved in almost all patients if several rescue therapies are consecutively given. Therefore, the attitude in H pylori eradication therapy failure, evenafter two or more unsuccessful attempts, should be to fight and not to surrender.展开更多
传统的应急响应及搜救行动的指挥控制(Command and Control,C2)活动以经典理论OODA环为指导。该模式可以快速、有效地指导救援现场的组织指挥活动。但当事件规模较大,响应层级较高时,该模式失去效用。论文针对以上问题,结合C2活动过程...传统的应急响应及搜救行动的指挥控制(Command and Control,C2)活动以经典理论OODA环为指导。该模式可以快速、有效地指导救援现场的组织指挥活动。但当事件规模较大,响应层级较高时,该模式失去效用。论文针对以上问题,结合C2活动过程机理的尺度关联性,运用PREA环&OODA环理论,建立了多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架。该模型在不同尺度(层级)的C2活动采用不同的理论指导,完整地描述了搜救C2活动从宏观到微观的指挥决策过程。论文将该模型应用分析至海上搜救领域,指导海上搜救行动。海上搜救的应用分析表明,多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架对海上应急救援指挥体系建设具有现实指导意义。展开更多
随着北斗报文服务系统、北斗国际搜救服务通过国际组织认可及北斗短报文在国内船舶的应用成效,初步形成北斗海上遇险与安全服务.本文提出北斗全球海上遇险与安全服务体系概念,通过引入广义北斗任务控制中心(BeiDou mission control cent...随着北斗报文服务系统、北斗国际搜救服务通过国际组织认可及北斗短报文在国内船舶的应用成效,初步形成北斗海上遇险与安全服务.本文提出北斗全球海上遇险与安全服务体系概念,通过引入广义北斗任务控制中心(BeiDou mission control center,BD-MCC)给出体系架构组成,并从北斗特色服务、海事通信业务到系统服务层面分析该体系在亚太与全球服务的功能特征,梳理该体系中北斗报文服务系统、北斗国际搜救系统、北斗应急示位搜救系统、北斗船舶远程识别与跟踪系统(long range identification and tracking, LRIT)、北斗船舶保安报警系统(ship security alert system,SSAS)以及北斗海上安全信息播发系统的业务流程及服务规范;展望该体系的系统化、国际化及定制化应用;研究成果有助于推动北斗通导在全球海上遇险与安全业务领域体系化应用.展开更多
文摘In order to improve the efficiency and safety of search and rescue(SAR)at sea,this paper proposes a kind of emergency rapid rescue unmanned craft(air-dropped unmanned maritime motorized search and rescue platform)that can be delivered by a large transport aircraft.This paper studies the structural design scheme of the platform,and the main scale of the platform,the choice of power system and the impact resistance performance are considered in the design process to ensure its rapid response and effective rescue capability under complex sea conditions.Simulation results show that the platform can withstand the impact of air injection into the water and the shipboard equipment can operate normally under the impact load,thus verifying the feasibility and safety of the design.This study serves to improve the maritime search and rescue system and enhance the oceanic emergency response capability.
文摘Prevailing maritime relations in the present era resort to arbitration to resolve arising disputes where parties of these relations should agree on the solution to the current or future conflicts arising from them to a specialist arbitrators of their choice known for their competence and experience in the maritime field to adjudicate the provisions of the arbitration binding. Maritime arbitration grew since the time of the Romans, and spread to the Middle Ages as a simple, flexible and specialized system to resolve maritime disputes, but it gained popularity in the present era as a result of booming international trade and commerce between different countries where this trade found that shipping is the best way among different means of transportation for its low costs and the large volume of cargo transported by it. Marine disputes submitted for arbitration are many and varied, some of which comes from the contract between the stakeholders and others arising from maritime accidents, and examples of the first group is the shipbuilding, repair, sold, leased and insured contracts, the transport of goods or people contracts, marine sales contracts as well as the diameter of maritime contracts. The second group is maritime collision, Assistance and Rescue and the settlement of joint naval losses. London and New York are considered of the most cities in the world that embrace this type of arbitration followed by Paris and Tokyo. In London alone there are more than four hundred nautical arbitration rulings in each year.
基金the Research Project from Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of People’s Republic of China。
文摘Helicopter plays an increasingly significant role in Maritime Search and Rescue(MSAR),and it will perform MSAR mission based on response plans when an accident occurs.Thus the rationality of response plan determines the success of MSAR mission to a large extent.However,with the impact of many uncertainty factors,it is difficult to evaluate response plans comprehensively before performing them.Aiming at these problems,an evaluation framework of helicopter MSAR response plan named UMAD is proposed in this paper,which reveals the influence mechanism of uncertainty factors based on Multi-Agent method and analyzes the mission flow based on Discrete Event System(DEVS)method.Furthermore,the evaluation criterion and indicators of response plan are extracted from the aspects of safety and effectiveness.Meanwhile,the Monte Carlo method is adapted to calculate the probability distribution and robustness of response plan comprehensive result.Finally,in order to illustrate the validity of this method,it is discussed and verified by an application example of evaluating multiple response plans to the same MSAR scenario.The results show that this method can analyze the influence of uncertainty more systematically and optimize response plans more comprehensively.
基金The authors appreciate the project support from China Scholarship Council, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51579143, 51379121, 61304230）, Shanghai Shuguang Plan Project （No： 15SG44） and China Postdoctoral Foundation （No. 2015M581585）.
文摘Locating the marine target in a quick and precise way is the crucial point of implementing SAR （search and rescue） at sea, which involves aspects of developing SAR strategy and detects the marine targets. As the effect of marine target detection restricts the SAR result directly, the study has focused on reviewing the previous research about marine target detection, especially dim marine target detection. What＇s more, small target detection under complex sea status is one of the severe challenges which is research＇s hotspot and needs more endeavor. Current research results and future research directions are discussed in the paper. The findings can provide systematic view of implementing maritime search and rescue for field researchers and governors.
文摘Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main cause of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. After more than 20 years of experience in H pylori treatment, in my opinion, the ideal regimen to treat this infection is still to be found. Currently, apart from having to know first-line eradication regimens well, we must also be prepared to face treatment failures. Therefore, in designing a treatment strategy we should not focus on the results of primary therapy alone, but also on the final (overall) eradication rate. The choice of a "rescue" treatment depends on which treatment is used initially. If a clarithromycin- based regimen was used initially, a subsequent metronidazole-based treatment (quadruple therapy) may be used afterwards, and then a levofloxacin- based combination would be a third "rescue" option. Alternatively, it has recently been suggested that levofloxacin-based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging second-line strategy, representing an alternative to quadruple therapy in patients with previous PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin failure, with the advantage of efficacy, simplicity and safety. In this case, a quadruple regimen may be reserved as a third-line rescue option. Finally, rifabutin-based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging empirical fourth- line strategy after multiple previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and levofloxacin. Even after two consecutive failures, several studies have demonstrated that H pylori eradication can finally be achieved in almost all patients if several rescue therapies are consecutively given. Therefore, the attitude in H pylori eradication therapy failure, evenafter two or more unsuccessful attempts, should be to fight and not to surrender.
文摘传统的应急响应及搜救行动的指挥控制(Command and Control,C2)活动以经典理论OODA环为指导。该模式可以快速、有效地指导救援现场的组织指挥活动。但当事件规模较大,响应层级较高时,该模式失去效用。论文针对以上问题,结合C2活动过程机理的尺度关联性,运用PREA环&OODA环理论,建立了多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架。该模型在不同尺度(层级)的C2活动采用不同的理论指导,完整地描述了搜救C2活动从宏观到微观的指挥决策过程。论文将该模型应用分析至海上搜救领域,指导海上搜救行动。海上搜救的应用分析表明,多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架对海上应急救援指挥体系建设具有现实指导意义。
文摘随着北斗报文服务系统、北斗国际搜救服务通过国际组织认可及北斗短报文在国内船舶的应用成效,初步形成北斗海上遇险与安全服务.本文提出北斗全球海上遇险与安全服务体系概念,通过引入广义北斗任务控制中心(BeiDou mission control center,BD-MCC)给出体系架构组成,并从北斗特色服务、海事通信业务到系统服务层面分析该体系在亚太与全球服务的功能特征,梳理该体系中北斗报文服务系统、北斗国际搜救系统、北斗应急示位搜救系统、北斗船舶远程识别与跟踪系统(long range identification and tracking, LRIT)、北斗船舶保安报警系统(ship security alert system,SSAS)以及北斗海上安全信息播发系统的业务流程及服务规范;展望该体系的系统化、国际化及定制化应用;研究成果有助于推动北斗通导在全球海上遇险与安全业务领域体系化应用.
