Expand Trade to Adapt to Market Competition——China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation

Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, specializing in the import and export of electromechanical products. It is one of our country’s first and largest foreign trade corporations. Since its founding 45 years ago, the corporation has been consistently endeavoring to develop and expand foreign trade in electromechanical products, and

SOEs to Face Market Competition

ACCORDING to an Economic Information Daily report on January 11, notable progress has been made in this classification process, which will be made public in the near future. A corresponding assessment scheme has also been formulated, Consequently, mixed ownership reform based on SOE classification will be accelerated.

Renminbi Nominal Effective Exchange Rate for Third Market Competition:An Approach Based on Disaggregated Trade Data

When measuring the nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, three factors should be considered： direct import competition, direct export competition and third market competuion. The traditional NEER methodology using aggregated export trade data underestimates the competition between countries producing homogeneous goods, so that the weight of the effective exchange rates is too reliant on trade scale. Based on 2002 6-digit items of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, this paper employs the competitive stress index to adjust the weighting system of the renminbi NEER for third market competition. In the new weighting system, European countries and some emerging economies have higher weights compared with some of the developed countries, including the USA, Japan and resources-dominated eeonomies~ This research will facilitate the understanding of changes in China＇s export competitiveness.

Product market competition and the disclosure of supply chain information

We investigate how product market competition affects corporate voluntary disclosure decisions,specifically regarding supply-chain information.Our results,based on a sample of manufacturing companies listed in China from 2010 to 2016,show that companies in more competitive industries disclose less customer/supplier information.The main results stand through several robustness tests.Further analyses show that the negative relationship between product market competitiveness and supply-chain information disclosure is stronger when the disclosure contains more incremental information and when competitors are more capable of gaining competitive advantage using the disclosed information.Our study contributes to the understanding of both the relationship between product market competition and voluntary disclosure decisions and the regulation of information disclosure to build a transparent capital market.

Competition and Political Factors in the Russian Media Market During Putin’s Fourth President Term

The frequency of Russian media usage has been declining since 2018, but television is still the most popularmedium in Russia. The rise of digital radio and television represents a mixed picture, in part because of politicalpressures, but the digital transition between federal and regional media is not synchronized;on the other hand, theRussian print media market has suffered from poor returns and high costs since 2012. Insufficient facilities withpoor quality and lack of advertisement revenues have made it difficult for print media to survive. The governmenthas provided financial subsidies for media, but it will still support economic independence of media. Thegovernment has strictly regulated foreign investments after 2014, which ensure the concentration of mediaownership but reduced the media market’s competitiveness. Now the Russian government is adjusting policies,seeking ways to balance media market competition and retaining political control of media.

Namebrand Competition on the Chinese Market

Since opening to the outside world and introducing the strategy of economic, trade and market connection between China and the world, the Chinese market has drawn closer to and merged with the international market.Foreign enterprises and commodities have entered the Chinesc market on a large scale; Chinese enterprises have also implemented the development

Competition Among Multinationals on China's Market

McDonald,sandabCfightchickenwarInChina,McDonald'shasopenedmorethan250chain-stores,andarChassetupover310outletS.TheyusedtoliveinPeacewitheachother,butfightingbrokeoutin1998,triggeredbychicken.InJuly1998,McDonald'slauncheditsSpicyMeWingsinsixsouthernci...

Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation of New Media Marketing in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

With China’s entry into WTO, China’s small and medium-sized enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The integration of the world economy has brought opportunities for the internationalization and industrialization of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to the lack of systematic marketing strategies, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is beset with difficulties. From the perspective of marketing strategy, this paper analyzes the marketing strategy problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. From four aspects: marketing concept, marketing team, marketing strategy and marketing model 4P, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the marketing benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Competition vs cooperation:renewable energy investment under cap-and-trade mechanisms

This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism(GM)or benchmarking mechanism(BM).We find that utility firms will invest in renewable energy more under BM than under GM,in both competitive and cooperative markets,and they will invest more in a competitive market than in a cooperative market,under either GM or BM.Furthermore,utility firms will produce more electricity and generate more total carbon emissions under BM than under GM.The profits of two firms,however,are higher in cooperative market than in competitive market.The government will benefit from implementing a BM to encourage utility firms to invest in renewable energy in a competing market.

The Importance of Small and Medium Enterprise Development for Efficient Global Market Environment

Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play an important role in the world economy.Modern trends in the development of small and medium enterprises imply a constant increase in their role in the total income of an economy.For such an approach,it is important to achieve quality organizational and managerial concepts of planning strategy development.In many countries,small businesses dominate in the production of a number of smaller products,higher consumption,and high quality of these products.The concept of a small economy consists of a group of companies that stand out in terms of their characteristics in relation to large companies.In relation to large companies as business systems,SMEs differ based on the concept of their own organization’s business,the volume of business,and the availability of resources.Research data show that the main obstacle to efficient continuous business of SMEs in the world is the procurement and maintenance of business resources.Ensuring continuity in production is often a problem of lack of resources,which primarily characterizes them in relation to large companies.Small business and entrepreneurship are the main backbone of today’s economic development,viewed globally.The purpose of the development of small and medium enterprises in the world is to enable the development of a successful and flexible entrepreneurial climate as an important organizational determinant,which is a prerequisite for progress in the modern world economy.The feature of SME development is the innovation of employees that needs to be constantly developed.In that way,conditions are provided for technological development,formation of flexible organizations,and new employment.In practice,small and medium enterprises are the engine of economic development.It is a sector that promotes private property and entrepreneurial skills.According to experts on economic issues,SMEs are today and in the future,not only in Serbia,the Region,but also in the world,a synonym for the private sector-for entrepreneurship.Comparative analysis shows the advantage of SMEs,especially in flexible business,where they can quickly adapt to change and can fully meet market demands.

Identifying Chinese Suppliers in a Competitive Market

This month＇s column highlights what African businesspeople should be aware of when looking to find Chinese suppliers by giving prominence to identifying the most respected companies in each market.

COMPETITION BUILDS STRENGTH IN FINANCIAL MARKETS

Transitioning from a“planned”economy to a“market”economy may be a long and arduous task for China,but opening its financial markets to foreign competition will help build stability and strength for the Chinese economy, says U.S.Ambassador Alan Holmer.Holmer,who was recently named as Special Envoy for China and for the Strategic Economic Dialogue,answered written questions by Beijing Review on his views of the economic relationship between China and the United States and the reforms he sees as vital to a good bilateral relationship.

Strategies for Avoiding Loss of Market Share Due to Fierce Competition at Apps for The Future Inc.

The quickly growing development and fierce competition in technical industry make Apps for The Future Inc. (AFF) has risk of losing market share and their customers' trust. Therefore, after the examine of three solutions which used by Nokia, Motorola and China Unicom based on the selected criteria, the suitable solutions that the AFF managers should follow are creating new flagship product with low price, finding development direction and keep investing. Those solutions could allow companies to keep creating, keep motivating and care their customers, and allow this company to be successful and regain customer trust.

Cooperation strategies when leading firms compete with small and medium-sized enterprises in a potentially competitive market

Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competitors is believed to weaken a firm's competitive edge.However,a potentially competitive market may change a firm's incentive to share resources strategically with rivals.Consequently,this study investigates two possible cooperation models between leading enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)to examine the impact of sharing resources on a firm's strategy.This analysis shows that cooperation strategies benefit both the leading firm and the SME under certain conditions.Furthermore,this study demonstrates that the wholesale cooperation strategy is always more detrimental to the environment than the license cooperation strategy.Interestingly,although cooperation can help SMEs develop sustainably in most cases,industries with high resource costs may experience a situation in which SMEs benefit from competition,thus resisting cooperation and harming the leading enterprise.This study highlights the role of a potentially competitive market and provides managerial insights for stakeholders.

Nodal, zonal, or uniform electricity pricing： how to deal withnetwork congestion

In this paper, the main contributions to congestion management and electricity pricing, i.e., nodal, zonal, and uniform electricity pricing, are surveyed. The key electricity market concepts are structured and a formal model framework is proposed for electricity transportation, production, and consumption in the context of limited transmission networks and competitive, welfare maximizing electricity markets. In addition, the main results of existing short-run and long-run congestion management studies are explicitly summarized. In particular, the important interconnection between short-run network management approaches and optimal long-run investments in both generation facilities and network lines are highlighted.

Changes in union formation patterns in a context of male marriage-squeeze:an exploratory survey in rural Shaanxi,China

Starting from the postulate that formation of heterosexual unions is necessarily affected by a numerical imbalance between the sexes in the marriage market,this paper uses data from a survey conducted in 2014-2015 in three rural counties of Shaanxi,China,to analyse the mechanisms to cope with this rather particular socio-demographic situation and with the poverty that is endemic in the survey area,in order to achieve marriage by any means.This empirical study based on individual quantitative data analyses the consequences of the male marriage-squeeze from the point of view of married men.The difficulty of getting married is identified and taken into account to analyse three specific adaptation mechanisms:demographic adaptations,changes in social norms regarding mate selection criteria,and economic adaptations.Findings demonstrate that marriage timing and age gap between spouses are levers that enable men to enlarge their pool of potential mates.But monetization of marriage is one of the most immediate consequences of the competition between the men seeking to marry.In sum,the men who reported difficulties getting married did so later than the other men,have greater age-gap with their spouse,and are in a disadvantaged position when negotiating the terms of their marriage.We conclude that the male marriage-squeeze has to be understood not only in relation to how marriage is constructed as a family and social institution,but also as a catalyst for other inequalities,especially in terms of social and economic capital.