Green Marketing and Sustainable Development of Garment Industry -- A Game between Cost and Profit

This paper introduces how green marketing influences the sustainable development of garment industry. It analyzes the cost and profit to implement green marketing, both in a short term and in the long run. In a short term, the cost may increase. However, in the long run, the income will be higher than the cost. There＇re five reasons： reduced cost, expanding export by breaking down green barriers, establishing the enterprise＇s green image, being more competitive and avoiding green tax. Therefore, implementing green marketing is pivotal to the sustainable development of garment industry.

Construction economic cost management under the market economy

Currently, how to further improve and perfect construction economic cost management,minimizing construction economic management cost and construction investment of the enterprise have become the important content for the daily management of construction enterprise managers. This article focuses on the construction economy under the conditions of market economy cost management, analyses related concepts and existing questions, and proposes targeted recommendations of the problem.

A Transmission Congestion Cost Allocation Method in Bilateral Trading Electricity Market

Bilateral trading in electricity is one of the typical deregulated power market trading methods and it has its own way to calculate and allocate congestion cost. In this paper, using as a practical bilateral structure example, the British electricity market is stated in details especially the operation mechanism and the methodology of imbalance settlement. A corresponding congestion cost allocation method for bilateral market is introduced briefly by equations and is simulated in a modified IEEE-14 bus model to investigate its pros and cons.

Technology and Market Prospect Analysis of Low Cost Small-lift Launch Vehicles for Small Satellites

The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.

Review of Methods to Calculate Congestion Cost Allocation in Deregulated Electricity Market

With maturing deregulated environment for electricity market, cost of transmission congestion becomes a major issue for power system operation. Uniform Marginal Price and Locational Marginal Price (LMP) are the two practical pricing schemes on energy pricing and congestion cost allocation, which are based on different mechanisms. In this paper, these two pricing schemes are introduced in detail respectively. Also, the modified IEEE-14-bus system is used as a test system to calculate the allocated congestion cost by using these two pricing schemes.

Reactive Power and FACTS Cost Models’ Impact on Nodal Pricing in Hybrid Electricity Markets

In a competitive environment reactive power management is an essential service provided by independent system operator taking into account the voltage security and transmission losses. The system operator adopts a transparent and non-dis-criminatory procedure to procure the reactive power supply for optimal deployment in the system. Since generators’ are the main source of reactive power generation and the cost of the reactive power should be considered for their noticeable impact on both real and reactive power marginal prices. In this paper, a method based on marginal cost theory is presented for locational marginal prices calculation for real and reactive power considering different reactive power cost models of generators’ reactive support. With the presence of FACTS controllers in the system for more flexible operation, their impact on nodal prices can not be ignored for wheeling cost determination and has also to be considered taking their cost function into account. The results have been obtained for hybrid electricity market model and results have also been computed for pool model for comparison. Mixed Integer Non-linear programming (MINLP) approach has been formulated for solving the complex problem with MATLAB and GAMS interfacing. The proposed approach has been tested on IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS).

市场化程度对自主创新配置效率的影响——基于Cost-Malmquist指数的高技术产业行业面板数据分析

在中国经济转型特定的制度环境中,内、外开放两种不同的市场导入机制对创新资源配置效率的影响完全不同。本文从创新结构红利的成本视角采用三阶段Cost-Malmquist指数法将中国高技术产业整体、内资和外资部门的自主创新资源配置效率拆分为分配效率(企业家要素组合的效率)和价格前沿的变化,得出:我国内资部门企业家要素组合能力不断提升,却面临更加扭曲的要素价格约束,导致创新资源配置效率提高受限并影响了结构红利的获得。用动态面板数据模型验证市场化程度对自主创新配置效率的影响得到:第一,政府的税收掠夺显著增强整体和内资部门长、短期的成本约束,使要素价格逼近边际成本前沿面,提高了创新资源配置效率,但以企业家组合资源效率的损失为代价;政府直接资金扶持仅具有短期效应,长期则加大要素价格扭曲、负向影响创新资源配置效率;第二,较之于对外开放,对内开放程度显著缓解了内资部门要素价格扭曲,使要素价格逼近边际成本前沿面,有利提高自主创新资源配置效率,并具有长期效应。对外开放程度只能短期提高企业家的要素组合效率、无长期效应;第三,金融、信贷市场和技术市场发育程度无论长、短期均显著缓解要素市场价格扭曲、使要素价格逼近边际成本前沿面,显著提升企业家的要素组合效率,提高了自主创新配置效率。

Study on the House Market and Pricing——A Case Study of Nanjing's Building Groups

In this paper,some methods of economics and management were used.Based on analysis of the house market structure,the factors influencing the house price,the house pricing methods and strategies were proposed.Then a case in Nanjing was studied,and the results show:firstly,the house market is a monopolistic competitive market,and in some places it is even an oligopoly market;secondly,the cost-plus pricing method is reasonable and scientific,and the specificity is the base of pricing;thirdly,the average price of a building groups in Nanjing should be 8 906$/sq.m.Finally,aiming at the house pricing,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in this paper.

Analysis on current situation and future development of China＇s methane chloride market

2005年我国甲烷氯化物生产能力为1124．6kt，总需求量为925kt。介绍了国内甲烷氯化物现状，分析了国内生产装置能力、产品成本、生产厂家和产品市场状况，对产品发展前景和生产能力进行预测，提出了我国甲烷氯化物产业发展应注意的事项和建议。

Blockchain Economics and Marketing

Blockchain as a supporting platform for various cryptocurrencies is a technology that will not sell by itself, meaning that its success could not be built on technical efficiency of an algorithm alone. Understanding the real economic problems that the technology should aim at solving is a first step towards identifying the marketing beachheads for the technology. The branding of any blockchain can be categorized under an economic framework pointing to the types that have the potentials of being sustainable and disruptive. Selection of appropriate beachheads, verticals, services etc. should aim to promote the exchange of real goods and services, and/or the utilization the accounting/data advantage of the technology.

统一大市场促进形成强大国内市场的机理与路径——基于交易成本的视角

促进形成强大国内市场是新发展格局下我国经济高质量发展的重大战略部署。建设统一大市场是形成强大国内市场的重要举措,降低交易成本是建设统一大市场促进形成强大国内市场的关键。为此,基于交易成本的视角,分别从促进市场流通、交易环节精简、交易基础制度规则保障与多地域文化认同四个方面剖析建设统一大市场促进形成强大国内市场的机理,进而提出其实现路径:加快建设现代流通体系,促进流通业数字化转型;推进交易平台共享,打造全国统一交易平台;降低制度性交易成本,实现全国产权交易市场互联互通;强化文化认同,形成建设全国统一大市场的共有理念。

Major Determinants of Prices Increase of Building Materials on Ghanaian Construction Market

Prices increase of building materials is a common trend in both developed and developing countries. The prices increase of building materials results in high cost of housing.The aim of this study is to identify the major determinants of prices increase of building materials on Ghanaian construction market, and also to assess the relationship between the independent variables of the prices increase. A five-point Likert scale was used for the study;from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The variables in the questionnaire were ranked based on the response of the participants of the study using Mean Response Analysis (MRA) statistics. Spearman correlation matrix was used to determine the relationship between the variables of prices increase of building materials. Crude oil prices, energy cost, local taxes and charges, cost of fuel and power supply, high running cost, high prices of raw materials, cost of transportation and the high cost of labour were found to be the major determinants of prices increase of building materials on Ghanaian construction market. The study further found multicollinearity relationship among variables of prices increase of building materials, of which the highest correlation coefficient was found between fast-growing demand due to high global economic growth and over-dependence on imported building materials. The study recommends that further research should be carried out to determine the control measures of increase prices of building materials in Ghana.

智慧物流与企业可持续发展——基于经济绩效与环境绩效的双重验证

在“双碳”战略目标和可持续发展背景下,智慧物流为促进企业可持续发展提供了新契机。利用2009—2021年我国地级及以上城市数据,测度城市层面智慧物流水平,并将其与A股制造业上市公司数据进行匹配,考察了智慧物流对企业经济绩效和环境绩效的影响。结果表明,智慧物流对企业经济绩效和企业环境绩效具有显著的正向影响,这意味着智慧物流可以促进企业可持续发展。机制检验表明,智慧物流通过发挥成本效应、市场整合效应以及学习效应三种机制促进企业可持续发展。异质性分析表明:智慧物流的可持续发展效应主要存在于交通条件便利地区和外部媒体关注度高的企业;对于市场激励型环境规制地区,智慧物流仅发挥了经济效应。拓展研究发现,智慧物流对企业可持续发展的影响具有网络效应,现代物流创新发展试点政策的激励作用尚未实现经济与环境“和谐共生”。研究结论为我国政府优化智慧物流政策和“双碳”愿景下制造业企业实现可持续发展提供了路径选择。

Pricing Decision Support System for Generation Companies in Electricity Market

In order to meet the requirement of separating power plants from power network and that of the competition based power transaction in power market, the pricing decision support system for generation companies (GCPDSS) is built in electricity market. This paper introduces the conception of intelligent decision support system (IDSS) and puts emphasis on the systematical structural framework, work process, design principal, and fundamental function of GCPDSS. The system has the module to analyze the cost, to forecast the demand of power, to construct the pricing strategies, to manage the pricing risk, and to dispatch giving the pricing strategies. The case study illustrates that the friendly window-based user interface of the system enables the user to take full advantage of the capabilities of the system in order to make effective real-time decisions.

农产品加工企业市场势力与技术创新

农产品加工企业创新是乡村产业高质量发展的重要驱动,但鲜有文献从市场势力视角研究农产品加工企业创新激励。为此,基于创新决策模型解释企业市场势力对技术创新的影响及机制,并采用2008—2021年农产品加工业上市公司数据,运用DLW市场势力测度方法,建立动态面板模型进行实证检验。结果显示:第一,市场势力对农产品加工企业技术创新存在显著促进作用,在使用Bartik工具变量和2SLS方法处理内生性后,该促进作用依然显著;第二,市场势力通过溢价效应和成本效应等机制共同推动农产品加工企业技术创新;第三,市场势力对技术创新的促进作用随着城市交通便利度、企业产权属性等不同呈现出异质性特征。需要从培育领军企业、加强交通基础设施建设、发挥国有企业创新引领作用等方面制定相关政策,以促进农产品加工企业创新,从而助推乡村产业高质量发展。

企业数字化转型的绿色效应研究——基于资本市场与产品市场的外部治理视角

数字化转型为企业绿色化提供强劲动能。基于企业微观层面,以2013-2020年沪深A股制造业企业为研究对象,考察数字化转型对企业绿色化的影响,并从资本市场和产品市场外部治理视角探究其中介机制。实证分析表明,企业数字化转型能够显著促进其绿色化,主要是通过降低融资成本和提高产品市场竞争力两种渠道来实现。与传统制造企业和亏损企业相比,企业数字化转型对绿色化的促进作用在现代制造企业和盈利企业中体现得更为显著。研究结果丰富了企业数字化转型的经济后果,为数字化和绿色化协同发展提供经验证据。

Study on the model of an insurer's solvency ratio in Markov-modulated Brownian markets

In this paper the insurer＇s solvency ratio model with or without jump diffusion process in the presence of financial distress cost is constructed, where an insurer＇s solvency ratio is characterized by a Markov-modulated dynamics. By Girsanov＇s theorem and the option pricing formula, the expected present value of shareholders＇ terminal payoff is provided.

Operation Benefit of Fruit Dealers in Shizishan Street Farm market

This paper mainly discussed the operation benefits of fruit dealers in farm market. Taking fruit dealers in Shizishan Street Farm market in Wuhan City as the research object,this paper introduced current operation situation of fruit dealers and made a descriptive statistical analysis on characteristics of operators,operation situation,and cognitive status. Besides,it introduced the concept of net cost-benefit ratio to reflect the operation benefits. From further analysis on the operation benefits of fruit dealers,it found that there is little difference in the costbenefit ratio between dealers in the farm market. The average net cost-benefit ratio was 11. 94%. Specifically,if the total cost is 100 yuan,the dealer can obtain 12 yuan net profit. In order to find out how cost factors affect the operation benefits,it established a regression model for cost factors and net cost-benefit ratio. According to the survey results,when the wholesale cost increases 10000 yuan,the cost-benefit ratio will increase by 1. 454 percentage points,thus increasing the wholesale investment is helpful for increasing the net cost-benefit ratio; when the loss cost increases 10000 yuan,the cost-benefit ratio will increase by 7. 501 percentage points,thus the dealers can increase the operation benefits through controlling the loss cost and reducing the operation cost. Finally,it came up policy recommendations from the perspective of government and operators.

Reliability-based congestion pricing model under endogenous equilibrated market penetration and compliance rate of ATIS

A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).