Building a high-level socialist market economy is conducive to giving full play to the market’s decisive role in resource allocations and bringing the government into better play.Correctly handling the market and the...Building a high-level socialist market economy is conducive to giving full play to the market’s decisive role in resource allocations and bringing the government into better play.Correctly handling the market and the government relationships has been a central issue in China’s economic structural reform.Giving a comprehensive review and summary of the research findings achieved by the theoretical and academic circles in China,we generalize the evolution and working mechanisms of China’s socialist market economy system,following the developing trajectory and logic of relevant literature,focusing on the three aspects of evolving perceptions,the role of the market,and the functions of the government.Based on our literature overview,we also induced and extracted the basic conclusions and evolutionary features of relevant research and made suggestions for the future direction of theoretical research regarding China’s socialist market economy.展开更多
In China where there is a profound influence of "local magistrates as citizens’ parents" in the traditional sense, people are naturally inclined to rely on government authorities
The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP...The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP, VoIP has become more acceptable for CIO of large-scale enterprises. Small and medium-scale enterprises are sensitive to communication cost, but influenced by the maturity of VoIP technology and reduction of VoIP equipment price, the market is intensified. All these drive the VoIP equipment entering into the actual purchase stage and promote the stable growth of VoIP equipment scale.展开更多
In the process of establishing the unified market of construction land between city and countryside,both of the market mechanism and the government mechanism are indispensable to the allocation of resources,but they a...In the process of establishing the unified market of construction land between city and countryside,both of the market mechanism and the government mechanism are indispensable to the allocation of resources,but they are both powerless in some ways. This paper starts from the related theory of economics,and draws a conclusion that the unified market of construction land between urban countryside will be established unless the market mechanism and the government mechanism work collaboratively. Finally,the paper puts forward the recommendations for ensuring the coordination between market mechanism and government mechanism: reforming the agricultural land property rights system; reforming the existing land law system; establishing the modern land tax system; transforming the government functions.展开更多
In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their ...In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their economy and global status. However, 1) present research generally overlooks the importance of different types of elements in different marketing themes, 2) the combinations of marketing themes are still unknown, and 3) the presumption that the emphasised elements and specific combination of marketing themes on official websites differentiates cities requires more cases to be understood. In light of this background, this study collects homepage elements of 49 Alpha world cities' official websites and quantitatively analyses the frequency of different types of elements, the marketing content themes, and the dissimilarity of content of Chinese Alpha world cities. The results indicate that comprehensiveness and locality appear in the process of city marketing throughout official city websites. Overall, we make the following conclusions. 1) The importance of different kinds of elements significantly differs between 49 Alpha world cities. 2) Based on various combinations of elements, the marketing contents of Alpha world cities through official websites can be categorised into six themes of history and culture, government and information, construction and environment, government and living, construction and living, and general compound. 3) The marketing elements of five Chinese Alpha world cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei and Guangzhou, are different than the other 44 Alpha world cities, and Chinese cities prefer to advertise their history and culture but rarely market citizens' activities. Moreover, Chinese cities' marketing mostly targets natives while the other 44 Alpha cities target external groups, and the locality of world cities' website marketing is reinforced especially on a native language edition website. This study ultimately finds that the Chinese edition websites of five Chinese cities place more focus on introducing local historical buildings, administrative services, and internal business information than the English edition websites do.展开更多
With the development of information technology,sharing marketing,as an innovative marketing method,plays an important role in promoting the marketing willingness and enthusiasm of employees in the Internet decoration ...With the development of information technology,sharing marketing,as an innovative marketing method,plays an important role in promoting the marketing willingness and enthusiasm of employees in the Internet decoration industry.Based on the data obtained from the ques-tionnaire survey,this paper makes an empirical analysis of the impact of the economic value,social value,perceived ease of use,perceived convenience,enabling conditions and subjective norms of sharing marketing on the marketing willingness of employees in the Internet decoration industry.The results showed that the questionnaire had good internal consistency and construct validity.Through empirical analysis,it can be found that the economic value,social value,perceived ease of use,perceived convenience,enabling conditions and subjective norms of sharing marketing have a significant positive impact on employees'marketing willingness.展开更多
Active government intervention is a striking characteristic of the Chinese stock market.This study develops a behavioral heterogeneous agent model(HAM)comprising fundamentalists,chartists,and stabilizers to investigat...Active government intervention is a striking characteristic of the Chinese stock market.This study develops a behavioral heterogeneous agent model(HAM)comprising fundamentalists,chartists,and stabilizers to investigate investors’dynamic switching mechanisms under government intervention.The model introduces a new player,the stabilizer,into the HAM as a proxy for the government.We use the model to examine government programs during the 2015 China stock market crash and find that it can replicate the dynamics of investor sentiment and asset prices.In addition,our analysis of two simulations,specifically the data-generating processes and shock response analysis,further corroborates the key conclusion that our intervention model not only maintains market stability but also promotes the return of risk asset prices to their fun-damental values.The study concludes that government interventions guided by the new HAM can alleviate the dilemma between reducing price volatility and improving price efficiency in future intervention programs.展开更多
The study examined the forms of child labour practices common among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government area of Osun State.It also determined the awareness level of market women and food sell...The study examined the forms of child labour practices common among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government area of Osun State.It also determined the awareness level of market women and food sellers on the existing child labour law in Nigeria and finally examined factors contributing to child labour practices among market women and food sellers.The study employed the descriptive research of the survey type.The study population consisted of market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government in Osun State.The sample consisted of 170 market women and 80 food sellers in conveniently selected five markets in the study area.The researchers developed three research instruments for this study,namely:Knowledge of Child Labour Questionnaire(KCLQ),Forms of Child Labour Practices Questionnaire(FCLPQ),and Factors Contributing to Child Labour Questionnaire(FCCLQ).The three instruments were validated by the investigators,using Cronbach alpha which yielded 0.79,0.77,and 0.78 values for KCLQ,FCLPQ,and FCCLQ respectively.Data collected were analyzed by using simple percentage and Relative Importance Index.The results among others showed that domesticlabour ranked the first significantly influential forms of child labour practiced among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State with RII analysis of 0.810 and 0.850 respectively.The study therefore concluded that majority of the respondents have low awareness level on the existing child labour law hence government should intensify the creation of awareness of the child labour law among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State.展开更多
The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method,...The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.展开更多
Senior study travel,as an emerging form of tourism,combines the dual characteristics of educational learning and leisure travel.It not only meets the elderly’s desire for spiritual and cultural life and self-fulfillm...Senior study travel,as an emerging form of tourism,combines the dual characteristics of educational learning and leisure travel.It not only meets the elderly’s desire for spiritual and cultural life and self-fulfillment but also promotes the construction of a healthy aging society.This study comprehensively uses methods such as literature analysis,interviews,and case studies to analyze the current status and existing problems of the senior study travel market.Based on the 7Ps service marketing model,it explores service marketing strategies for the senior study travel market,aiming to provide reference and guidance for related tourism enterprises to supply more attractive senior study travel services.展开更多
Focusing on“from inside out”means understanding that the driving force behind a successful service promotion campaign lies in a deep connection with the internal team,turning it into the engine that propels a positi...Focusing on“from inside out”means understanding that the driving force behind a successful service promotion campaign lies in a deep connection with the internal team,turning it into the engine that propels a positive brand perception.The University of Panama faces challenges in the effective implementation of strategies involving its internal staff,impacting the coherence and strength of its promotional messages.The research aimed to determine internal marketing strategies as an engine for service promotion at the Central Campus and CRUSAM.The applied study was descriptive,non-experimental field research,and cross-sectional.The sample consisted of 80 individuals using a quota sampling method to measure and quantify the expression of a construct or variable that is not directly observable.A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect information,measuring variables in their various dimensions.Content validity of the questionnaire was ensured through the evaluation of three experts,and the reliability of the Likert-type instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient,which was found to be very high(0.918).The results led to the conclusion that establishing internal marketing strategies is necessary for the transformation and innovation process in the university through service promotion.展开更多
This study seeks to determine an effective boundary between government and market in light of modern financial theories.According to the findings of this paper,the relationship between government and market must be co...This study seeks to determine an effective boundary between government and market in light of modern financial theories.According to the findings of this paper,the relationship between government and market must be conceived of as under the "continuous spectrum of change" resulting from economic development.In practice,an effective frontier between government and market not only transforms continuously with the process of economic development but also demonstrates significant contrasts internationally according to the different national characteristics existing in each country.Determining a frontier between government and market requires that the relationship between the two be embedded into a broader set of institutional environmental constraints that incorporate consideration of the dynamic processes and mechanisms of economic development.The key issue is that government and market act with regard to the principle of comparative advantage as they play their respective roles.展开更多
This study investigated the impact of China’s monetary policy on both the money market and stock markets,assuming that non-policy variables would not respond contemporaneously to changes in policy variables.Monetary ...This study investigated the impact of China’s monetary policy on both the money market and stock markets,assuming that non-policy variables would not respond contemporaneously to changes in policy variables.Monetary policy adjustments are swiftly observed in money markets and gradually extend to the stock market.The study examined the effects of monetary policy shocks using three primary instruments:interest rate policy,reserve requirement ratio,and open market operations.Monthly data from 2007 to 2013 were analyzed using vector error correction(VEC)models.The findings suggest a likely presence of long-lasting and stable relationships among monetary policy,the money market,and stock markets.This research holds practical implications for Chinese policymakers,particularly in managing the challenges associated with fluctuation risks linked to high foreign exchange reserves,aiming to achieve autonomy in monetary policy and formulate effective monetary strategies to stimulate economic growth.展开更多
The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the inte...The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunications is discussed briefly, and then we introduce technology and government into the traditional SCP(Structure – Conduct – Performance) paradigm to develop an industry analysis framework called TGM(SCP)(Technology – Government – Market(Structure – Conduct – Performance)). Based on this framework, we present the spiral coevolution model which elaborates on the interaction mechanism of technological innovation with government regulation and market dynamics from the perspective of industry evolution. Our study indicates that the development of the telecommunications industry is the result of the coevolution of technology, government regulation and market forces, and among the three actors, technology is the fundamental driving force. Relative to the "invisible hand"(market) and "visible hand"(government), we conceptualize technology as the "third hand", which fundamentally drives the development of telecommunications industry in coordination with the other two hands. We also provide several policy implications regarding these findings.展开更多
High-cost generator units are at a cost disadvantage in electricity spot markets.This study focuses on revenue mechanisms of gas-fired units affected by power market reform in Guangdong province,China.For the first ti...High-cost generator units are at a cost disadvantage in electricity spot markets.This study focuses on revenue mechanisms of gas-fired units affected by power market reform in Guangdong province,China.For the first time,we compare impacts on market indicators of five settlement mechanisms:feed-in tariff(FiT),location marginal price(LMP),contract for difference(CFD),direct subsidy(DS),and estimated revenue method(ERM).In particular,we design key parameters,including authorized CFD and ERM of two kinds of government authorized contracts based on traditional dispatching patterns to avoid significant profit fluctuations brought by market reforms.We also analyze impact of factors such as climbing performance,seasonal load,and subsidy amount on the overall market and its players.Results of a case study show to directly subsidize gasfired units will lead higher-cost units to generate more electricity,with a resulting loss of social welfare.Disruption of market prices and provision of unreasonable incentives are fatal disadvantages of this subsidy method.The government and policymakers should consider financial means to adjust benefits to reduce production costs and increase social welfare.Also,by case analysis,the ERM shows its stable performance in revenue of high-cost units,while we find that authorized CFD is not applicable for gas-fired units whose output is unstable as a marginal unit frequently.Therefore,we suggest government agencies adopt ERM to sign contracts with gas-fired units,to attain a balance between fairness and efficiency.展开更多
Polymers from renewable resources have been used for a long time in biomedical applications and found an irreplaceable role in some of them.Their uses have been increasing because of their attractive properties,contri...Polymers from renewable resources have been used for a long time in biomedical applications and found an irreplaceable role in some of them.Their uses have been increasing because of their attractive properties,contributing to the improvement of life quality,mainly in drug release systems and in regenerative medicine.Formulations using natural polymer,nano and microscale particles preparation,composites,blends and chemical modification strategies have been used to improve their properties for clinical application.Although many studies have been carried out with these natural polymers,the way to reach the market is long and only very few of them become commercially available.Vegetable cellulose,bacterial cellulose,chitosan,poly(lactic acid)and starch can be found among the most studied polymers for biological applications,some with several derivatives already established in the market,and others with potential for such.In this scenario this work aims to describe the properties and potential of these renewable polymers for biomedical applications,the routes from the bench to the market,and the perspectives for future developments.展开更多
The imbalance between supply and demand in urban settings poses a significant barrier to the sustainable advancement of urban transportation.Shared parking serves as a viable solution to mitigate these challenges.Neve...The imbalance between supply and demand in urban settings poses a significant barrier to the sustainable advancement of urban transportation.Shared parking serves as a viable solution to mitigate these challenges.Nevertheless,for its sustained growth,a regulatory mechanism enforced by the government is imperative.To promote shared parking market diffusion,we construct an evolutionary game model that incorporates the government,enterprises and parking demanders.It explores stabilization strategies for these stakeholders and identifies multiple equilibrium states under different parameter conditions.The results show that the rate and stability of these evolutionary strategies are constrained by the mutual benefits derived by the three parties.Furthermore,such stakeholders are reciprocally influenced by their willingness to engage in shared parking to varying degrees.Government subsidies serve as a determining factor for the strategic choices made by both enterprises and demanders,albeit at different evolutionary rates.Demanders who have a higher value of time tend to park on-street,thereby influencing enterprise strategies.To foster the long-term growth of the shared parking market,the government must enact appropriate subsidy policies,maintain consistent regulations and advocate for increased subsidies for parking demanders to reduce the effect of temporal heterogeneity on parking behavioural choices.展开更多
This study examines the systemic risk caused by major events in the international energy market(IEM)and proposes a management strategy to mitigate it. Using the tail-event driven network(TENET)method, this study const...This study examines the systemic risk caused by major events in the international energy market(IEM)and proposes a management strategy to mitigate it. Using the tail-event driven network(TENET)method, this study constructed a tail-risk spillover network(TRSN) of IEM and simulated the dynamic spillover tail-risk process through the cascading failure mechanism. The study found that renewable energy markets contributed more to systemic risk during the Paris Agreement and the COVID-19pandemic, while fossil energy markets played a larger role during the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This study identifies systemically important markets(SM) and critical tail-risk spillover paths as potential sources of systemic risk. The research confirms that cutting off the IEM risk spillover path can greatly reduce systemic risk and the influence of SM. This study offers insights into the management of systemic risk in IEM and provides policy recommendations to reduce the impact of shock events.展开更多
文摘Building a high-level socialist market economy is conducive to giving full play to the market’s decisive role in resource allocations and bringing the government into better play.Correctly handling the market and the government relationships has been a central issue in China’s economic structural reform.Giving a comprehensive review and summary of the research findings achieved by the theoretical and academic circles in China,we generalize the evolution and working mechanisms of China’s socialist market economy system,following the developing trajectory and logic of relevant literature,focusing on the three aspects of evolving perceptions,the role of the market,and the functions of the government.Based on our literature overview,we also induced and extracted the basic conclusions and evolutionary features of relevant research and made suggestions for the future direction of theoretical research regarding China’s socialist market economy.
文摘In China where there is a profound influence of "local magistrates as citizens’ parents" in the traditional sense, people are naturally inclined to rely on government authorities
文摘The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP, VoIP has become more acceptable for CIO of large-scale enterprises. Small and medium-scale enterprises are sensitive to communication cost, but influenced by the maturity of VoIP technology and reduction of VoIP equipment price, the market is intensified. All these drive the VoIP equipment entering into the actual purchase stage and promote the stable growth of VoIP equipment scale.
基金Supported by National Social Science Fund Project(13BJY095)
文摘In the process of establishing the unified market of construction land between city and countryside,both of the market mechanism and the government mechanism are indispensable to the allocation of resources,but they are both powerless in some ways. This paper starts from the related theory of economics,and draws a conclusion that the unified market of construction land between urban countryside will be established unless the market mechanism and the government mechanism work collaboratively. Finally,the paper puts forward the recommendations for ensuring the coordination between market mechanism and government mechanism: reforming the agricultural land property rights system; reforming the existing land law system; establishing the modern land tax system; transforming the government functions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41320104001,41871140)the Scientific Specific Fund Project of Collaboration and Innovation Center of Coordinating Urban and Rural in Shanxi Province(No.SXCXCXZD2017-002)the Special Fund Project of the Basic Research Service of Sun Yat-sen University(No.17lgjc04)
文摘In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their economy and global status. However, 1) present research generally overlooks the importance of different types of elements in different marketing themes, 2) the combinations of marketing themes are still unknown, and 3) the presumption that the emphasised elements and specific combination of marketing themes on official websites differentiates cities requires more cases to be understood. In light of this background, this study collects homepage elements of 49 Alpha world cities' official websites and quantitatively analyses the frequency of different types of elements, the marketing content themes, and the dissimilarity of content of Chinese Alpha world cities. The results indicate that comprehensiveness and locality appear in the process of city marketing throughout official city websites. Overall, we make the following conclusions. 1) The importance of different kinds of elements significantly differs between 49 Alpha world cities. 2) Based on various combinations of elements, the marketing contents of Alpha world cities through official websites can be categorised into six themes of history and culture, government and information, construction and environment, government and living, construction and living, and general compound. 3) The marketing elements of five Chinese Alpha world cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei and Guangzhou, are different than the other 44 Alpha world cities, and Chinese cities prefer to advertise their history and culture but rarely market citizens' activities. Moreover, Chinese cities' marketing mostly targets natives while the other 44 Alpha cities target external groups, and the locality of world cities' website marketing is reinforced especially on a native language edition website. This study ultimately finds that the Chinese edition websites of five Chinese cities place more focus on introducing local historical buildings, administrative services, and internal business information than the English edition websites do.
文摘With the development of information technology,sharing marketing,as an innovative marketing method,plays an important role in promoting the marketing willingness and enthusiasm of employees in the Internet decoration industry.Based on the data obtained from the ques-tionnaire survey,this paper makes an empirical analysis of the impact of the economic value,social value,perceived ease of use,perceived convenience,enabling conditions and subjective norms of sharing marketing on the marketing willingness of employees in the Internet decoration industry.The results showed that the questionnaire had good internal consistency and construct validity.Through empirical analysis,it can be found that the economic value,social value,perceived ease of use,perceived convenience,enabling conditions and subjective norms of sharing marketing have a significant positive impact on employees'marketing willingness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72261002,72201132,71790594)the Youth Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(No.22YJC790190)+2 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.[2019]5103)the Guizhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Statistical Analysis(No.BDSA20200105)the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Financial Engineering(NSK2021-18)。
文摘Active government intervention is a striking characteristic of the Chinese stock market.This study develops a behavioral heterogeneous agent model(HAM)comprising fundamentalists,chartists,and stabilizers to investigate investors’dynamic switching mechanisms under government intervention.The model introduces a new player,the stabilizer,into the HAM as a proxy for the government.We use the model to examine government programs during the 2015 China stock market crash and find that it can replicate the dynamics of investor sentiment and asset prices.In addition,our analysis of two simulations,specifically the data-generating processes and shock response analysis,further corroborates the key conclusion that our intervention model not only maintains market stability but also promotes the return of risk asset prices to their fun-damental values.The study concludes that government interventions guided by the new HAM can alleviate the dilemma between reducing price volatility and improving price efficiency in future intervention programs.
文摘The study examined the forms of child labour practices common among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government area of Osun State.It also determined the awareness level of market women and food sellers on the existing child labour law in Nigeria and finally examined factors contributing to child labour practices among market women and food sellers.The study employed the descriptive research of the survey type.The study population consisted of market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government in Osun State.The sample consisted of 170 market women and 80 food sellers in conveniently selected five markets in the study area.The researchers developed three research instruments for this study,namely:Knowledge of Child Labour Questionnaire(KCLQ),Forms of Child Labour Practices Questionnaire(FCLPQ),and Factors Contributing to Child Labour Questionnaire(FCCLQ).The three instruments were validated by the investigators,using Cronbach alpha which yielded 0.79,0.77,and 0.78 values for KCLQ,FCLPQ,and FCCLQ respectively.Data collected were analyzed by using simple percentage and Relative Importance Index.The results among others showed that domesticlabour ranked the first significantly influential forms of child labour practiced among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State with RII analysis of 0.810 and 0.850 respectively.The study therefore concluded that majority of the respondents have low awareness level on the existing child labour law hence government should intensify the creation of awareness of the child labour law among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074053).
文摘The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.
基金Research Result of the Chongqing University of Science and Technology Graduate Innovation Program Project“Research on the Development of Senior Study Travel Products in Chongqing Based on the Enhancement of Happiness”(Project No.YKJCX2320903)。
文摘Senior study travel,as an emerging form of tourism,combines the dual characteristics of educational learning and leisure travel.It not only meets the elderly’s desire for spiritual and cultural life and self-fulfillment but also promotes the construction of a healthy aging society.This study comprehensively uses methods such as literature analysis,interviews,and case studies to analyze the current status and existing problems of the senior study travel market.Based on the 7Ps service marketing model,it explores service marketing strategies for the senior study travel market,aiming to provide reference and guidance for related tourism enterprises to supply more attractive senior study travel services.
文摘Focusing on“from inside out”means understanding that the driving force behind a successful service promotion campaign lies in a deep connection with the internal team,turning it into the engine that propels a positive brand perception.The University of Panama faces challenges in the effective implementation of strategies involving its internal staff,impacting the coherence and strength of its promotional messages.The research aimed to determine internal marketing strategies as an engine for service promotion at the Central Campus and CRUSAM.The applied study was descriptive,non-experimental field research,and cross-sectional.The sample consisted of 80 individuals using a quota sampling method to measure and quantify the expression of a construct or variable that is not directly observable.A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect information,measuring variables in their various dimensions.Content validity of the questionnaire was ensured through the evaluation of three experts,and the reliability of the Likert-type instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient,which was found to be very high(0.918).The results led to the conclusion that establishing internal marketing strategies is necessary for the transformation and innovation process in the university through service promotion.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71403277)National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12&ZD089)
文摘This study seeks to determine an effective boundary between government and market in light of modern financial theories.According to the findings of this paper,the relationship between government and market must be conceived of as under the "continuous spectrum of change" resulting from economic development.In practice,an effective frontier between government and market not only transforms continuously with the process of economic development but also demonstrates significant contrasts internationally according to the different national characteristics existing in each country.Determining a frontier between government and market requires that the relationship between the two be embedded into a broader set of institutional environmental constraints that incorporate consideration of the dynamic processes and mechanisms of economic development.The key issue is that government and market act with regard to the principle of comparative advantage as they play their respective roles.
文摘This study investigated the impact of China’s monetary policy on both the money market and stock markets,assuming that non-policy variables would not respond contemporaneously to changes in policy variables.Monetary policy adjustments are swiftly observed in money markets and gradually extend to the stock market.The study examined the effects of monetary policy shocks using three primary instruments:interest rate policy,reserve requirement ratio,and open market operations.Monthly data from 2007 to 2013 were analyzed using vector error correction(VEC)models.The findings suggest a likely presence of long-lasting and stable relationships among monetary policy,the money market,and stock markets.This research holds practical implications for Chinese policymakers,particularly in managing the challenges associated with fluctuation risks linked to high foreign exchange reserves,aiming to achieve autonomy in monetary policy and formulate effective monetary strategies to stimulate economic growth.
基金supported by Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant No.15ZDB154National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2012CB315805
文摘The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunications is discussed briefly, and then we introduce technology and government into the traditional SCP(Structure – Conduct – Performance) paradigm to develop an industry analysis framework called TGM(SCP)(Technology – Government – Market(Structure – Conduct – Performance)). Based on this framework, we present the spiral coevolution model which elaborates on the interaction mechanism of technological innovation with government regulation and market dynamics from the perspective of industry evolution. Our study indicates that the development of the telecommunications industry is the result of the coevolution of technology, government regulation and market forces, and among the three actors, technology is the fundamental driving force. Relative to the "invisible hand"(market) and "visible hand"(government), we conceptualize technology as the "third hand", which fundamentally drives the development of telecommunications industry in coordination with the other two hands. We also provide several policy implications regarding these findings.
文摘High-cost generator units are at a cost disadvantage in electricity spot markets.This study focuses on revenue mechanisms of gas-fired units affected by power market reform in Guangdong province,China.For the first time,we compare impacts on market indicators of five settlement mechanisms:feed-in tariff(FiT),location marginal price(LMP),contract for difference(CFD),direct subsidy(DS),and estimated revenue method(ERM).In particular,we design key parameters,including authorized CFD and ERM of two kinds of government authorized contracts based on traditional dispatching patterns to avoid significant profit fluctuations brought by market reforms.We also analyze impact of factors such as climbing performance,seasonal load,and subsidy amount on the overall market and its players.Results of a case study show to directly subsidize gasfired units will lead higher-cost units to generate more electricity,with a resulting loss of social welfare.Disruption of market prices and provision of unreasonable incentives are fatal disadvantages of this subsidy method.The government and policymakers should consider financial means to adjust benefits to reduce production costs and increase social welfare.Also,by case analysis,the ERM shows its stable performance in revenue of high-cost units,while we find that authorized CFD is not applicable for gas-fired units whose output is unstable as a marginal unit frequently.Therefore,we suggest government agencies adopt ERM to sign contracts with gas-fired units,to attain a balance between fairness and efficiency.
基金The authors acknowledge FAPESP for funding the Research Project Number 2017-18-782-6 and the Grant 2021/07458-9.
文摘Polymers from renewable resources have been used for a long time in biomedical applications and found an irreplaceable role in some of them.Their uses have been increasing because of their attractive properties,contributing to the improvement of life quality,mainly in drug release systems and in regenerative medicine.Formulations using natural polymer,nano and microscale particles preparation,composites,blends and chemical modification strategies have been used to improve their properties for clinical application.Although many studies have been carried out with these natural polymers,the way to reach the market is long and only very few of them become commercially available.Vegetable cellulose,bacterial cellulose,chitosan,poly(lactic acid)and starch can be found among the most studied polymers for biological applications,some with several derivatives already established in the market,and others with potential for such.In this scenario this work aims to describe the properties and potential of these renewable polymers for biomedical applications,the routes from the bench to the market,and the perspectives for future developments.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sci-ence Research Foundation of China’s Ministry of Education(Grant No.20YJC630156)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0482)the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Chongqing Education Commission(Grant No.20SKGH080,Grant No.21SKGH083).
文摘The imbalance between supply and demand in urban settings poses a significant barrier to the sustainable advancement of urban transportation.Shared parking serves as a viable solution to mitigate these challenges.Nevertheless,for its sustained growth,a regulatory mechanism enforced by the government is imperative.To promote shared parking market diffusion,we construct an evolutionary game model that incorporates the government,enterprises and parking demanders.It explores stabilization strategies for these stakeholders and identifies multiple equilibrium states under different parameter conditions.The results show that the rate and stability of these evolutionary strategies are constrained by the mutual benefits derived by the three parties.Furthermore,such stakeholders are reciprocally influenced by their willingness to engage in shared parking to varying degrees.Government subsidies serve as a determining factor for the strategic choices made by both enterprises and demanders,albeit at different evolutionary rates.Demanders who have a higher value of time tend to park on-street,thereby influencing enterprise strategies.To foster the long-term growth of the shared parking market,the government must enact appropriate subsidy policies,maintain consistent regulations and advocate for increased subsidies for parking demanders to reduce the effect of temporal heterogeneity on parking behavioural choices.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71974001,72374001)National Social Science Foundation of China(22ZDA112,19BTJ014)+3 种基金the Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(21YJAZH081)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085Y24)the University Social Science Research Project of Anhui Province(2022AH020048,SK2020A0051)the Anhui University of Finance and Economics Graduate Research Innovation Funds(ACYC2021390)。
文摘This study examines the systemic risk caused by major events in the international energy market(IEM)and proposes a management strategy to mitigate it. Using the tail-event driven network(TENET)method, this study constructed a tail-risk spillover network(TRSN) of IEM and simulated the dynamic spillover tail-risk process through the cascading failure mechanism. The study found that renewable energy markets contributed more to systemic risk during the Paris Agreement and the COVID-19pandemic, while fossil energy markets played a larger role during the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This study identifies systemically important markets(SM) and critical tail-risk spillover paths as potential sources of systemic risk. The research confirms that cutting off the IEM risk spillover path can greatly reduce systemic risk and the influence of SM. This study offers insights into the management of systemic risk in IEM and provides policy recommendations to reduce the impact of shock events.