River width and depth as key factors of diurnal activity energy expenditure allocation for wintering Spot-billed Ducks in the Xin'an River Basin

Rivers are important habitats for wintering waterbirds.However,they are easily influenced by natural and human activities.An important approach for waterbirds to adapt to habitats is adjusting the activity time and energy expenditure allocation of diurnal behavior.The compensatory foraging hypothesis predicts that increased energy expenditure leads to longer foraging time,which in turn increases food intake and helps maintain a constant energy balance.However,it is unclear whether human-disturbed habitats result in increased energy expenditure related to safety or foraging.In this study,the scan sample method was used to observe the diurnal behavior of the wintering Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha) in two rivers in the Xin’an River Basin from October 2021 to March 2022.The allocation of time and energy expenditure for activity in both normal and disturbed environments was calculated.The results showed that foraging accounted for the highest percentage of time and energy expenditure.Additionally,foraging decreased in the disturbed environment than that in the normal environment.Resting behavior showed the opposite trend,while other behaviors were similar in both environments.The total diurnal energy expenditure of ducks in the disturbed environment was greater than that in the normal environment,with decreased foraging and resting time percentage and increased behaviors related to immediate safety(swimming and alert) and comfort.These results oppose the compensatory foraging hypothesis in favor of increased security.The optimal diurnal energy expenditure model included river width and water depth,which had a positive relationship;an increase in either of these two factors resulted in an increase in energy expenditure.This study provides a better understanding of energy allocation strategies underlying the superficial time allocation of wintering waterbirds according to environmental conditions.Exploring these changes can help understand the maximum fitness of wintering waterbirds in response to nature and human influences.

Economic Analysis on the Rational Allocation of Agricultural Production Factors in Henan Province

Based on the population floating theory under the Ranis-Fei dual economic structure,this paper designs an econometric model to study the isoquant curve and production factor substitution law. Finally,through the empirical analysis of labor-capital investment in Henan's agricultural production,combined with the principles of isoquant curve model,this paper determines the labor required for a certain scale of investment in agricultural production,and concludes that the fixed assets investment in Henan's agricultural production is not fully utilized,and too much labor is transferred. And this paper makes the corresponding policy recommendations for Henan's macroeconomic development.

A study on the allocation of productive factors of Chinese agriculture

Chinese agriculture is undergoing a transformation process from traditional agriculture into modern agricultrue.This article discusses how land. labor, fertilizer, machinery etc. are used in agricultural production of different regions. reveals the influence of natural conditions and economic level on the utilization of modern agricultural factors. It proposes a system of allocation hoes of regional agricultural productive factors and points out the development stage and tendency of allocation of agricultural productive factors in different regions.

Effects of key growth conditions on endogenous hormone content in tillering stem bases,germination of lateral buds,and biomass allocation in Indocalamus decorus

Physiological responses and changes in growth of Indocalamus decorus Q.H.Dai under different ecological conditions are essential for further understanding growth regulation and adaptive mechanisms and establishing an evidence-based management system for optimal growth. In this study, the endogenous hormone content in tillering stem bases, germination of lateral buds, and biomass allocation of this bamboo species in different growth environments were investigated. Among the endogenous hormones in the basal stems of tillers, indole-3-pyruvic acid and zeatin riboside were highly correlated with lateral buds that germinated to form shoots, while gibberellic acid was highly correlated with lateral buds that germinated to form rhizomes. The best lateral bud germination characteristics were achieved with full sun, a density of six plantlets per pot, and watering every 6 days. I. decorus plantlets used different resource allocation strategies depending on treatment. Different ecological factors influenced endogenous hormones in the bamboo stem base,which affected lateral bud germination and biomass allocation.

Biotic and Abiotic Conditions Can Change the Reproductive Allocation of Zostera marina Inhabiting the Coastal Areas of North China

The relationships between reproductive allocation and different factors have been widely recognized for terrestrial plants, but scarcely for marine angiosperms. Focusing on the seagrass Zostera marina, we examined the change in biomass when it was partitioned to growth, vegetative propagation and reproductive allocation of Z. marina. We also evaluated the relationships between reproductive allocation and biotic and abiotic conditions in the coastal areas of north China. The results indicated that the reproductive allocation of Z. marina at the levels of genet, shoot and spathe was positively correlated with shoot characteristics such as height and biomass(P < 0.01), but was negatively correlated with branch number and leaf number per genet(P < 0.01). In addition, the allocation was also affected by other abiotic factors such as water column phosphate concentration(P < 0.05) and sediment total petroleum(P < 0.01). These findings indicated that both biotic and abiotic conditions significantly influenced the reproductive allocation of Z. marina, which may affect further the population dynamics.

Allocation Methodology of Multiple SVCs Considering Operation Scheme Changing

针对多静止同步补偿器（staticvarcompensator，SVC）对系统共同影响的问题，提出计及运行方式变化的多SVC布点方法。利用规范形分析，基于摄动方程2阶解析解信息建立拓展静态电压稳定边界的多SVC布点分析方法。首先根据静态电压稳定分析方法，确定系统危险运行方式（即距离系统电压崩溃最近的运行方式1；然后在该运行方式下，利用规范形方法对系统进行小扰动电压稳定分析，求出所有负荷节点的电压振荡曲线解析解；最后利用2阶解析解所给出的小扰动1阶振荡幅值和2阶振荡幅值信息，以多SVC布点多种方案对系统降低小扰动幅值的贡献为指标，给出多SVC布点结果。所提方法应用于IEEE30节点系统，试验结果表明，该方法相对于不考虑多点共同影响的多SVC布点方式，其静态电压稳定边界的拓展效果更好。

A Study on the Allocation of New Construction Land Use Indicators in Huai'an City

This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the characteristics and influencing factors of regional allocation of new construction land use indicators,and determines the primary indicators from social,economic,external and internal factors.Using Delphi method and correlation analysis,this paper selects indicators and establishes evaluation indicator system.Using entropy method and AHP,this paper determines the weight of indicators,rationally allocates new construction land,and uses the actual data in Huai'an City for case studies,so as to provide a reference for land use planning.In addition,this paper makes a comparative analysis on the land use internal factors as important factors,in order to make the weight assigning more in line with the actual situation of construction land in Huai'an.

Cross-layer resource allocation based on potential game theory in multi-cell OFDMA networks

A cross-layer resource allocation scheme based on potential game(CLRA_ PG) is proposed for the downlink multi-cell orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access(OFDMA) system with universal frequency reuse.As a method to mitigate inter-cell interference(ICI),base station coordination has been considered.In the process of the objective function modeling,this paper adopts a pricing mechanism which not only maximizes the individual utility but also considers the interference to other users.Based on the potential game theory,the objective problem is converted to a potential function which can be easily solved.The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions and the iterative water-filling algorithm are employed to solve the constraint objective optimization problem.Moreover,extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate how the pricing factors affect the algorithm.At the same time,comparing with the traditional policy,our simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the performance of the system.

Literature Review on the Impact of Blockchain Technology on Resource Allocation Efficiency

With the rapid development of Internet technology,the importance of blockchain technology has become increasingly prominent.Faced with this situation,extensive research has been carried out at home and abroad.Through the analysis of relevant literature on blockchain in recent years,it is found that there are many research results of blockchain technology in medical care,finance,education,etc.,but its application in the field of resource allocation efficiency is rare.From the existing studies on the influencing factors of resource allocation efficiency in China,it is found that there are significant differences in resource allocation efficiency between China and some developed countries or between various provinces and cities of China.

Capital and Labor Allocation Structure and China's Economic Growth

Using sector-specific growth accounting method, this paper investigates the growth effect of inter-industry allocation of capital and labor in China. This paper has found that existing investment data are classified according to investment entities rather than user entities and directly using such data for the measurement of capital inventory of various sectors will seriously overestimate the capital inventory of tertiary industry and lead to distorted conclusions of "structural burden" of capital allocation and its serious violation of the principle of efficiency. By excluding real estate sector, this paper has found that after the 1990 s, inter-industry capital allocation had been generally consistent with the principle of efficiency and the effect of capital allocation structure is not significant. Our estimates also found that the growth effect arising from the inter-industry allocation of labor since reform and opening up averages 0.63 percentage points, which is significantly positively correlated with residual economic growth rate and residual TFP and demonstrates a decade-long "reform cycle." According to the comparative study on the effect of labor allocation structure of 37 other countries and regions, by 2017, the effect of China's labor allocation structure will continue to remain in a relatively high stage; between 2017 and 2023, structural effect will significantly diminish and deceleration pressure will rise swiftly; after 2030, the effect of labor allocation structure will linger in a low level stage, when economy is likely to enter into a stage of low growth rate. These findings will help us better assess future economic growth tendencies.

机器学习在智能反射面辅助的通信系统中的应用综述

智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surfaces,IRS)可以通过大量低成本的无源反射元件巧妙地调整信号反射,从而动态改变无线信道,提高通信性能,目前已成为无线通信研究的焦点。然而,由于IRS的加入,整个通信系统变得更加复杂,系统的动态性也更高,使通信系统面临着许多新的挑战。机器学习(machine learning,ML)具有很强的数据处理与自适应能力,能够不断适应变化的环境和需求,可以很好地应对通信系统中的许多挑战。因此,使用ML解决IRS辅助的通信系统中的问题,已经成为当前研究的重点。基于此,对ML在IRS系统中的应用进行了系统性的概述,从IRS辅助的通信系统中存在的问题入手,分别从反射因子的设计与优化、信道处理与建模、资源分配和管理、安全性增强4个方面对ML在IRS系统中的应用进行阐述和分析,并讨论了将ML应用在IRS系统中的优势及未来的发展趋势与挑战。

Assessing Biomass Expansion Factor of Birch Tree <i>Betula utilis</i>D. DON

Biomass is the component of living organism and mostly obtained from plants, animals, insects and the residue of all the mentioned organisms. Biomass is the key source of energy present in the form of organic matter. The study aimed to find out biomass and its variation in each component of Betula utilis D. Don (Birch Tree) with varying diameter at Kalam forest division Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, Pakistan. The biomass of different components was determined by non-destructive methods. Overall, 30 trees were selected from different diameter classes viz a viz up to 10, 11 - 20 and greater than 20 cm. Ten trees were selected from each class. The diameter of stem and large branches and their length were measured in the field. Later, the volumes of stem and branches were calculated and converted into biomass. The study revealed that stem contributes 42.65% biomass followed by large and sub branches as 39.22% and 13.54% respectively. Leaves contribute 4.59% only. The above tree biomass contribution by different components was arranged as stem was greater than large branches;these were greater than sub branches and the lowest was in leaves. The total above ground biomass of single tree was 20.59, 58.041 and 197.214 kg·tree-1 respectively for diameter up to 10, 11 - 20 and greater than 20 cm. The averaged biomass in all diameter classes was 91.95 ± 93.064 kg·tree-1. The total biomass of single tree of diameter class up to 10, 11 - 20 and greater than 20 cm was 24.71, 69.649 and 236 kg respectively. The below ground biomass of single tree of diameter class up to 10, 11 - 20 and greater than 20 cm was 4.11 ± 1.24 kg, 11.61 ± 3.56 kg and 39.44 ± 8.9 kg respectively. The biomass expansion factor was 1.34, 1.47, and 1.5 t·m-3 respectively for diameter classes up to 10 cm, 11 - 20 cm and greater than 20 cm respectively. The mean biomass expansion factor for all diameter classes was 1.44 t·m-3.

Climate factors affect forest biomass allocation by altering soil nutrient availability and leaf traits

Biomass in forests sequesters substantial amounts of carbon;although the contribution of aboveground biomass has been extensively studied, the contribution of belowground biomass remains understudied. Investigating the forest biomass allocation is crucial for understanding the impacts of global change on carbon allocation and cycling.Moreover, the question of how climate factors affect biomass allocation in natural and planted forests remains unresolved. Here, we addressed this question by collecting data from 384 planted forests and 541 natural forests in China. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of climate factors on the belowground biomass proportion(BGBP). The average BGBP was 31.09% in natural forests and was significantly higher(38.75%) in planted forests. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in BGBP with increasing temperature and precipitation. Climate factors, particularly those affecting soil factors, such as p H,strongly affected the BGBP in natural and planted forests. Based on our results, we propose that future studies should consider the effects of forest type(natural or planted) and soil factors on BGBP.

企业高质量数字化转型管理:理论前沿

在相关领域理论前沿与企业实践的基础上,首先,基于数据生产要素和数实融合的中国数字经济原创思想及理论,按“基础理论—应用基础理论—应用理论”的科学研究递进逻辑,提出企业高质量数字化转型管理的研究框架;然后,归纳提炼出7个重要研究领域及关键科学问题;最后,通过与已有相关研究框架和结论的文献对话,论述该框架理论的学术价值和实践指导潜力,以期为今后的理论研究提供方向性指导。

金融科技与中国制造业现代产业体系建设

本文利用2011-2022年我国30个省份的省际面板数据,探讨金融科技对制造业现代产业体系建设的影响,结论如下:(1)金融科技有利于促进制造业现代产业体系建设;(2)金融科技可以通过改善创新要素配置和缓解资本要素错配来助力制造业现代产业体系建设;(3)在数字基础设施更加完善、市场化水平更高以及银行数字化水平更突出的地区,金融科技支持制造业现代产业体系建设的作用更为明显。本文验证了金融科技对制造业现代产业体系建设的积极作用,为加速推进制造业高质量发展、更好服务于中国式现代化提供了理论依据和经验借鉴。

数字新基建、要素配置效率与中国式农业农村现代化

基于2012—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,实证检验数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化发展存在显著促进作用,且这一作用在东部地区、非粮食主产区和高科技投入地区更显著。机制分析发现,要素配置效率在数字新基建驱动中国式农业农村现代化过程中起到关键传导作用。门槛分析显示,在跨过数字新基建的单门槛和要素配置效率的双门槛后,数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的推动作用更显著。空间分析发现,数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的影响具有正向空间溢出效应。基于此,提出完善数字新基建布局、提高生产要素配置效率、实施区域特色发展战略的建议,以期为扎实推进中国式农业农村现代化发展提供参鉴。

高品质空间规划引领高质量发展:逻辑关联、响应路径与关键维度

研究目的:探索高质量发展目标与空间规划的逻辑关联,明晰空间规划引领高质量发展的响应路径,提出高品质空间规划应当注重的若干关键维度。研究方法:文献梳理法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)阐明高质量发展的政治经济学要义在于提升社会总生产的使用价值,相应要实现空间使用价值的有效提升与交换价值的合理增长。(2)指出高质量发展对空间规划的需求,以及空间规划在要素配置、空间协同、创新引领、场景营造和政策供给等方面的总体响应路径。(3)提出高品质空间规划尤其要重视若干关键维度,包括尊重科学规律、前瞻战略引领、主动弹性应变、以人为本、价值活力提升等。研究结论:空间规划是统筹发展要素配置与实体空间建设的公共政策,将多维度的高质量发展理念融入空间规划,有利于形成理想主义、理性主义和现实主义紧密融合的高品质国土空间规划体系。

数据要素应用与企业创新效应——来自中国A股上市公司的经验证据

数据要素作为数字经济时代的核心生产要素,是驱动企业创新的新引擎。基于数据要素的多重异质属性,界定了企业层面数据要素应用的核心内涵,从数据资源、数据应用过程、数字技术和数字业务支撑系统四个维度筛选关键词,通过文本分析测度了数据要素应用程度指标,并以2007—2021年中国A股上市企业为样本,实证检验了数据要素应用对企业创新数量和创新质量的影响效应。研究发现:数据要素应用同时促进了企业创新数量增长和创新质量提升,该结论在内生性处理和稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明,数据要素应用通过资源配置优化效应和市场偏好匹配效应促进企业创新量变和质变。基于环境动态性视角的进一步检验发现,数字基础设施环境优化会强化数据要素驱动企业创新量变,制度环境改善和技术更迭能同时激发数据要素引领企业创新的量变和质变。

数据要素市场化配置的法治推进——兼论《数据二十条》相关条款设计

数据要素市场化配置的程度与水平决定了充分释放数据要素动能的程度,对加快数据产业链、价值链重构与转型升级意义重大。数据要素市场化配置的前提是明确数据产权归属,基础是构建统一开放的数据要素市场,发展是健全高效的定价机制,底线是保障数据要素安全发展。我国虽已明确了数据这一新型生产要素的重要地位,但相关法律尚未明确数据的产权归属,全国统一的数据要素市场尚未建立,数据要素定价机制尚未明确,数据要素市场交易与监管的边界也尚未清晰,所有这些阻碍了数据要素市场化配置的充分实现。故需立足数据要素市场的特征与现实,以数据产权结构性分置制度促进数据动态权属流动,构建统一开放的数据要素交易市场机制,同时厘清数据监管边界,保障数据要素市场安全发展,实现数据要素高水平、高质量、高效率的市场化配置。

农业产业化助推乡村振兴的成效、机制与建议

农业产业化是实现农业农村现代化、推进乡村振兴的基本途径。我国农业产业化发展大致经历了探索起步、示范推广、大力发展、创新提高四个阶段。目前,农业产业化助推乡村振兴成效显著,农业产业链条不断延伸、农产品附加值不断提高、农业竞争力显著提升,农业产业化发展模式更加多元、农民收入持续增加,农业产业业态不断丰富、农业产业功能不断扩展、农村活力显著增强。但是,农业产业化发展也存在农业产业化主体自身发展水平较低、农业产业化主体间发展水平不一、利益联结机制不完善等问题。需要通过优化要素配置使农业效率提升、价值增值、结构优化,促进农业变强。通过改进乡村治理提升农村经济效益、社会效益与生态效益,促进农村变美。通过健全利益分配机制带动农民多渠道增收,促进农民变富。应加强培育多元新型农业经营主体以提高产业带动能力,加大政策扶持力度以提高农业产业化发展水平,完善利益联结机制以确保农民收入持续增加。