Promoting High-quality Development of Grain and Oil in Ethnic Areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

Accelerating the construction of agricultural power,further promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and better supporting and serving Chinese-style modernization are the key issues at present.This paper first introduces the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its ethnic areas,and studies the characteristics of the grain and oil industry in the ethnic autonomous areas of the economic belt,as well as the current situation of various types of intellectual property resources,such as industrial cultural heritage,scientific and tech-nological innovation,and brand marking intellectual property.Besides,it analyzes the main problems in the high-quality development of grain and oil in the Yangtze River Economic Belt ethnic areas.Finally,it comes up with recommendations,including protecting the intellectual prop-erty rights of cultural heritage in the field of grain and oil,leading the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture,use scientific and technological innovation intellectual property rights to promote the innovation-driven development strategy of the grain and oil in-dustry,and providing counterpart assistance to ethnic autonomous areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to further promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Synergism of essential oils with lipid based nanocarriers: emerging trends in preservation of grains and related food products

Grains are one of the major food staples in the world.The cereal grains are easily susceptible to damage by moisture content,flour beetles and food pathogens during storage,harvesting and post harvesting.Food preservative techniques namely drying,freezing,and dehydration,acquire little advantages.However,they cause few undesirable alterations in the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the preserved food items.Therefore,there is a continuous search for new preservation techniques in food industries,to satisfy the customer demands on the addition of natural food preservatives,devoid of pathogenic contaminants and without changes in organoleptic properties.Essential oils(EOs)have been predicted as“natural food additives”in the preservative process.The synergistic potential of EOs with various nanocarriers plays an emerging role in the food industry.Therefore,the present review has focused on the lipid based nanocarriers,and the methods used for the functionalization or encapsulation of EOs and applications in the preservation of food items such as cooked rice,rice flour,grains,sliced breads have also been discussed.The present review ascertains the antimicrobial significance of active EOs loaded lipid nanocarriers in the form of nano emulsions,solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes for preserving grains and flours.

Production of microbial oils co-fermented by Trichoderma.koningii and Trichosporon cutaneum with Daqu distiller's grains

Abstract： Daqu distiller＇s grains were co-fermented as raw materials by Trichoderma.koningii and Trichosporon cutaneum to produce microbial oils, which can provide raw materials for bio-diesel development. The single factor tests were used to investigate the effects of ratio of strains, inoculum size, culture temperature and culture time on the production of microbial oils. The best processing conditions were obtained by orthogonal test through measuring the content of microbial oils in product. The result shows that the microbial oils content of the co-fermented product under the ratio of Trichoderma.koningii to Trichosporon cutaneum of 1：1, the inoculum size of strains of 11% at 28 ℃ for 6 d is 7.15 g/L. It is shown that the production of microbial oils co-fermented by Trichoderma.koningii and Trichosporon cutaneum with Daqu distiller＇s grains is possible. The research provides a new idea for the reuse of Daqu distiller＇s grains and also provides a new way for the development of microbial oils.

Effect of different film color mulching on dry matter and grain yield of oil flax in dry-land

Mulching can effectively maintain soil moisture;color of mulching film affects soil water storage capacity and further promote crop growth to improve grain yield.Field experiment was conducted to study effects of different film colors on dry matter accumulation(DMA)and grain yield of oil flax.Results showed that white plastic film mulching could increase leaf area,chlorophyll content and DMA.DMA of white film mulching and micro-ridge with soil covering was 53.0%higher than that of CK,and 7.8%higher than that of black film mulching.Mulching method also influenced DMA.Micro-ridge alone increased it by 13.7%than flat cultivation and soil covering improved another 7.6%under white film mulching.Both white and black film mulching with microridge could significantly improve grain yield.Black film mulching with micro-ridge and soil covering,white film mulching with micro-ridge and no soil covering significantly increased capsule number per plant,1,000-grain weight and grain yield of oil flax,compared with CK.Grain yield increased 29.0%and 28.9%respectively.These results indicated that the above mulching methods were suitable for high yield cropping pattern in dry-farming regions.

Intellectual Property Protection,Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Woody Edible Oilseeds in Hubei Province

Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China.There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei,including Camellia oleifera Abel(oil tea),Juglans regia L.(walnut),Olea europaea L.(olive)and Paeonia suffruticosa(oil peony).This paper studies the main industries of woody edible oilseeds in Hubei Province and their intellectual property resources,and analyzes the main problems in their intellectual property protection,inheritance,innovation and development.Finally,it proposes some strategies,including carrying forward the traditional knowledge related to woody edible oilseeds,innovating the"agricultural chip",creating key counties of national woody edible oil seeds,and developing industrial clusters with national advantages and characteristics.

How to Adjust XPCC's Planting Structure of Grain,Cotton,Oil and Sugar?

XPCC has long shouldered the mission of exploitation of virgin land in border area,but the special geographic distribution leads to regional segmentation and administrative division in the planting structure of grain,cotton,oil and sugar for XPCC. Since 1980,XPCC's total planting area of grain,cotton,oil and sugar has increased steadily year by year. The yield levels show a unimodal trend; the total yield of cotton has been showing a geometric growth trend; the total yield of oil crops and sugar beet shows a fluctuating growth trend,but the total yield of grain crops shows a bimodal growth trend. XPCC's grain crops are mainly in the farms of Division 4 in Ili Valley and Division 6 in Changji;cotton production in South and North Xinjiang is basically the same,and the yield in South Xinjiang is slightly higher than in North Xinjiang,but cotton can not be planted in most farms of Division 9 and Division 10; oil crops are grown mainly in cold regions; sugar beet is mainly in the farms of Division 2,Division 4,Division 7 and Division 9. Some factors are limiting XPCC's farming development such as unreasonable agricultural structure,quite different regional production levels and great grain crop yield fluctuations. Therefore,it is recommended to optimize regional distribution,increase efforts to promote new technologies,and strengthen brand building to help XPCC to give play to the agricultural resource advantages.

GRAIN & OIL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Grain & Oil Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal dedicates to promoting the advancement of science and technology in grain and oil storage, grain engineering, oil engineering, food science, food nutrition and safety, new technologies and related research progress, publishes the highest quality original contributions and reviews on new achievements.

GRAIN & OIL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Grain&Oil Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal dedicates to promoting the advancement of science and technology in grain and oil storage,grain engineering,oil engineering,food science,food nutrition and safety,new technologies and related research progress,publishes the highest quality original contributions and reviews on new achievements.

Status and Development Countermeasures of Moderate-scale Management of Grain and Oil in Nanchong City

This paper introduces the development status of moderate-scale management of grain and oil in Nanchong,analyzes the existing problems in production and management,puts forward some suggestions in terms of fund,science and technology and industrial structure,and lists some cases for reference,so as to provide a direction for the operation of grain and oil in Nanchong.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax

In order to identify effects of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax,a two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in typical semi-arid and hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau with 3 replicates in 2013 and 2014.Two levels of N application included 150 kg/hm2(N2)and 75 kg/hm2(N1).P application included 150 kg P2 O5/hm2(P2)and 75 kg P2 O5/hm2(P1).Temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)contents in 0-60 cm soil layer,and relationship between soil NO3-N accumulation(SNA)and grain yield of oil flax were analyzed.Results showed that SNA increased with evaluated N application rate in different soil layers(0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm).With the increased P application,SNA increased at N1 level but decreased at N2 level.SNA under N2 P1 treatment increased by 73.33%in 2013 and 74.97%in 2014 respectively,compared with control treatment(CK)at maturity stage.Grain yield of oil flax also increased by 44.27%in 2013 and56.55%in 2014,compared with CK under the same treatment.Correlation analysis showed that SNA in different soil layers were respectively positively correlated with grain yield.In conclusion,this research suggested that the optimal fertilizer application rate was 150 kg N/hm2 and 75 kg P2 O5/hm2 in the Northwest of China.

陆相坳陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相类型及成因——以松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组为例

页岩油是目前非常规油气研究的热点与难点。细粒沉积岩岩相类型及成因分析是页岩油“源储”特征研究及“甜点”预测的有效途径。松辽盆地青山口组细粒沉积广泛发育,是页岩油富集的有效层段。本文通过岩性、矿物成分、有机质丰度与沉积构造4个参数,将松辽盆地青山口组细粒沉积岩划分为6种岩相:高有机质泥纹层黏土质页岩(A)、中高有机质含细粉砂纹层长英质页岩(B)、中低有机质含粗粉砂纹层长英质页岩(C)、低有机质层状粉砂岩(D)、低有机质层状介形虫灰岩(E)和低有机质层状白云岩(F)。进一步从水动力学与有机质富集方面探讨了不同岩相类型的成因,并建立了相应的沉积模式。具体为:在风暴浪基面之下的静水、咸水环境、高湖泊生产力背景中,浮游藻类与黏土絮状物均匀悬浮沉降,形成贫富有机质黏土质纹层,沉积A岩相;在正常浪基面之下的相对静水(浪基面附近局部动荡)、半咸水环境、高湖泊生产力背景中,三角洲径流与洪流带来的细粉砂颗粒继续向湖盆中央搬运,经均匀悬浮沉降形成长英质纹层,间歇期悬浮沉降形成黏土质纹层,形成B岩相;正常浪基面之下,洪水携带粉砂级颗粒,顺着水下分流河道搬运至外前缘,以稳定性浊流的形式进入前三角洲,随流速逐渐降低,分异形成粗粉砂—细粉砂纹层,间歇期悬浮沉降形成黏土质纹层,形成C岩相;正常浪基面之下,三角洲前缘早期沉积物在阵发性浊流的作用下,滑塌至较深水区,形成D和E岩相;于正常浪基面与风暴浪基面之间,在相对干燥的气候背景下的咸水环境中,形成F岩相。

新疆畜禽饲料资源中粗蛋白含量的调查研究

试验旨在研究新疆不同地州间各种常规饲料原料的粗蛋白含量和分布情况,为各地州饲粮合理配制提供科学依据。对新疆全区14个地州的13种115个主要畜禽饲料原料在科学采样的基础上进行粗蛋白含量测定。对同类不同种饲料样品和不同饲料样品的粗蛋白含量进行单因素方差分析,比较不同饲料原料中粗蛋白含量的差异及不同地区之间的差异。结果表明:不同原料除青贮玉米外,干物质含量都在92%以上;粮油加工副产物的粗蛋白含量最高,粮食作物秸秆粗蛋白含量最低。8个地州采集玉米样品中喀什的粗蛋白含量最高。全疆各地州的各种类饲料原料中粗蛋白含量相互之间变化非常大,因此,实际应用中要充分考虑到不同区域饲粮中粗蛋白含量,为精准配方、精准营养提供技术支撑。

我国发展木本油料产业的潜力、挑战及建议

发展木本油料产业是保障国家粮油安全的重要战略抉择。木本油料具有“不与粮争地”的优势,可种植面积广,作物适应性强,品质优势突出,消费前景广阔,既有供给潜力又有现实需求。当前提高木本油料产能普遍面临着“重栽种,轻管护”现象和“高投入,低产出”困境未破除,以及产业发展的现代经营体系支撑乏力等挑战。在此基础上,提出了加快建立健全产出导向的政策支持机制,着力破解投入约束和降低经营风险,持续强化科技支撑和服务体系建设,推进产业融合发展提质增效等对策建议。

省一流专业引领下“粮油加工副产物综合利用”课程创新创业元素的设计与实践

建设一流专业,深化课程改革,将创新创业教育融入人才培养全过程,持续提升创新创业教育水平,是培养大学生科技人才的重要途径。基于省一流专业建设背景下,本文根据《粮油加工副产物综合利用》课程性质与特点,围绕教学目标,在创新创业教育理念指导下,探索开发与实施粮食工程专业大学生实践案例教学的方法。为改善课程授课形式单一、实践教学环节薄弱、教学评估维度单一等教学现实困境,通过产业案例启发教学、课堂展示、小组创新实验设计开发、科学家精神培育及延伸第二课堂科创竞赛教学等改进举措和多维评估持续机制,以构建基于“课堂-实验-实践”建设思路的“三位一体”创新创业教学协同育人平台,多维度激发学生创新创业能力。以期通过专业课程为载体,搭建平台育人体系,推动专业知识与学生创新创业能力的平衡发展,从而提高粮食工程创新创业人才培养水平。

叶面喷施胺鲜酯及其与油菜素内酯复配液对油用牡丹生理特性及产量的影响

为筛选出适合油用牡丹高产高效栽培中的植物生长调节剂应用技术,本试验以凤丹为材料,分别于盛花期(4月7日)、籽粒形成期(4月18日)、果荚与籽粒快速生长期(5月10日)叶面喷施不同质量浓度的胺鲜酯(D1、D2和D3)及其与油菜素内酯复配液(BD1、BD2和BD3),研究其对植株生理特性、籽粒产量指标(百粒重、单果籽粒重、单株籽粒重及籽粒产量)的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,喷施植物生长调节剂处理的牡丹叶片生理特性和籽粒产量关键参数均有明显提高:7月3日时,BD2处理叶片SOD活性较对照显著提高5.24%;5月19日和7月3日时,所有处理叶片MDA含量均较对照显著降低;7月3日时,所有处理叶片可溶性糖含量与对照均有显著性差异,其中BD2处理最高,较对照增加33.84%;6月10日时,所有处理叶片总叶绿素含量均显著高于对照,其中BD3处理增幅最大,为98.11%;3个测定时期,除6月10日的BD3处理外其他处理叶片净光合速率均显著高于对照,且随着胺鲜酯质量浓度的提高呈现先增加后降低趋势。所有处理单株籽粒重及籽粒产量均显著高于对照,其中BD3增幅均最大,分别为10.45%与10.44%。相关性分析表明,SOD活性与Chl a、Chl b、Car、总叶绿素含量和净光合速率呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与MDA含量呈极显著负相关;总叶绿素含量与净光合速率呈极显著正相关,净光合速率与单果籽粒重、单株籽粒重和籽粒产量呈显著正相关。综之,12、16 mg/L胺鲜酯与0.05 mg/L油菜素内酯复配喷施油用牡丹植株的生理特性表现优异,并可获得较高籽粒产量。

中国断陷和坳陷湖盆高可容纳空间层序细粒重力流沉积及其页岩油意义

重力流包括粗粒和细粒重力流,是深湖环境最重要的沉积类型之一,其中,细粒重力流能成为非常规页岩油的“甜点段”。研究该沉积在陆相湖盆层序格架中的分布规律,对页岩油“甜点段”的预测具有重要意义。作者通过对中国主要湖盆重力流发育与层序格架的系统对比研究发现,重力流沉积体系主要发育在高可容纳空间沉积层序中。断陷湖盆的低位域(LST)湖底扇近端发育粗粒重力流沉积,远端发育薄层细粒重力流沉积,其分布受沟谷和同沉积构造坡折的控制。水进体系域(TST)发育细粒水道—堤—朵叶体系。高位体系域(HST)发育非限定水道湖底扇,细粒重力流沉积分布在扇的远端。坳陷湖盆的水进体系域(TST)主要发育受洪泛影响的大型细粒水道—堤—朵叶体系,而在湖盆挠曲坡折的较陡斜坡发育细粒湖底扇体系。高位域(HST)及低位域(LST)既可形成细粒湖底扇体系,也可发育细粒的水道—堤—朵叶体系。分布在湖底扇远端和水道—堤—朵叶体系的细粒重力流沉积能形成页岩油的“甜点段”。泥流沉积形成页理型“甜点段”,细粒碎屑流、细粒浊流、细粒异重流和细粒过渡流沉积形成纹层型、层理型“甜点段”,细粒浓缩密度流沉积只形成层理型“甜点段”。细粒重力流沉积是页岩油勘探开发的有利“甜点段”。

中国典型陆相盆地细粒沉积环境和岩相特征

细粒沉积环境和岩相时-空分布规律是控制页岩油富集高产的主要因素。在前人细粒沉积环境和岩相研究的基础上,分析研究了松辽、渤海湾、鄂尔多斯和准噶尔等中国典型陆相盆地的细粒沉积环境及主要特征。研究认为:①淡水-微咸水湖盆发育粉砂质纹层、黏土质纹层、有机质纹层的黏土岩、粉砂岩以及二者之间过渡岩性,咸水湖和盐湖多发育具方解石(白云石)纹层及黏土级灰泥纹层的细粒碳酸盐岩和细粒混积岩。②陆相湖盆不同演化阶段发育不同细粒岩相组合。裂陷期细粒沉积岩以富碳酸盐矿物的岩相组合发育为特征,拗陷期形成的富有机质页岩层系则以长英质+黏土质沉积岩相组合为主。③湖盆泥页岩沉积机制主要为悬浮沉降、风成输入、浊流、异重流和泥质碎屑流。④中国陆相页岩油类型多样且资源丰富,松辽、鄂尔多斯、准噶尔、渤海湾等中生代—新生代陆相盆地是中国页岩油勘探开发的重要领域。⑤未来细粒沉积环境和岩相研究重点发展方向:开展天文旋回研究,建立系统有效的沉积古环境判识参数及标准;建立陆相湖盆页岩型、夹层型和混合型细粒沉积岩岩相分类和沉积模式,有效地预测细粒沉积岩岩相时空分布;开展细粒沉积成因过程物理和数值模拟,研究细粒沉积物物理、化学和生物沉积耦合过程和形成发育机理;关注数据集成与深度挖掘、人工智能大数据与计算机辅助技术,研究细粒沉积物分布规律。

新工科背景下“粮油贮运学”课程改革与实践

新工科发展建设要求食品专业培养既有专业知识又具有创新意识和能力的综合人才。以“粮油贮运学”课程为例,从优化课程目标和教学内容、改进教学手段、丰富实践教学环节及建立科学合理的课程考核评价体系等方面进行了课程改革和建设。课程改革将理论与实践教学的有机结合,提高了学生参与度和学习主动性,有利于培养学生创新意识和创新能力,提升学生解决实际问题的能力。

大食物观背景下中国木本粮油发展研究

木本粮油是人们利用林木的果实通过加工转化而生产的具有粮油功能的食物,它是大食物、大粮食系统的重要组成部分,发展木本粮油不仅能促进习近平总书记关于粮食安全重要论述的贯彻落实,有助于中国的粮食安全和保障供给,而且还能有效地促进“两山理论”的践行、“双碳”目标的实现和农民增收。从合理利用国土资源和大粮食、大食物的角度出发,积极发展木本粮油,充分利用其不与粮争地的特点,有利于协调生产与资源环境保护之间的矛盾,有利于改变人们的食物结构和提高粮食自给保障供给能力,有利于协调农民增收和保障国家粮食安全的关系,为中国的粮食安全和保障供给开辟新领域。同时,要充分认识其发展的机遇和优势,正视其发展中的问题,采取政策支持保护、组织创新和科技创新、全产业链优化等对策措施,促进其发展,以便切实贯彻大食物观和保障国家粮食安全。

粮油食品企业社会责任对信贷可得性的影响研究——基于机构投资者持股的调节作用

党的二十大报告指出,要确保粮食安全,加快建设农业强国。基于2010—2022年我国A股上市公司数据,以粮油食品行业中的上市企业为研究样本,构建多元回归模型研究粮油食品企业社会责任履行对信贷可得性的影响。研究发现:粮油食品企业履行社会责任能有效促进信贷的可得性,伴随机构投资者持股比例的提高,两者之间的正向关系进一步强化;异质性研究发现,企业上市年限对社会责任履行和信贷可得性之间的正向关系起正向赋能作用,与其他地区相比,东部地区上市粮油食品企业的这种正向赋能作用更强一些;相较于粮油企业,食品企业的信贷可得性对社会责任履行具有更强的敏感性;托宾Q值在企业社会责任履行和信贷可得性之间的关系中起抑制作用,在总资产较高、托宾Q值更低的国有粮油食品企业中,履行社会责任和信贷可得性之间存在的正相关关系更明显。