This paper introduces how green marketing influences the sustainable development of garment industry. It analyzes the cost and profit to implement green marketing, both in a short term and in the long run. In a short ...This paper introduces how green marketing influences the sustainable development of garment industry. It analyzes the cost and profit to implement green marketing, both in a short term and in the long run. In a short term, the cost may increase. However, in the long run, the income will be higher than the cost. There're five reasons: reduced cost, expanding export by breaking down green barriers, establishing the enterprise's green image, being more competitive and avoiding green tax. Therefore, implementing green marketing is pivotal to the sustainable development of garment industry.展开更多
A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All trav...A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).展开更多
The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and...The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.展开更多
Objective:To understand the existing fish distribution and marketing systems,assess marketing costs and margins and identify constraints of fish marketing systems.Methods:Data were collected from three different marke...Objective:To understand the existing fish distribution and marketing systems,assess marketing costs and margins and identify constraints of fish marketing systems.Methods:Data were collected from three different markets by fishermen,commission agents,wholesalers,retailers,day laborers etc.through questionnaire interviews and participatory approach during June to September,2013.Results:Four types of marketing channel were identified from farmers to consumers in all the three fish markets through a number of intermediaries.The daily supply of total fish in Binodpur Market,Talaimari Market and Shaheb Market was estimated 0.8-1 ton,0.2-0.3 ton and 8-8.1 ton,respectively.Virtually,most of the fish(75%)is imported from outside;the local supply amount is only 25%.The total marketing cost of wholesalers and retailers of the three markets were$8.58 and$6.47 per day,respectively.The average marketing margin of the wholesalers and retailers of the three markets were$0.18 and$0.25 per kg respectively.Income of fisherman,wholesaler,retailer and day laborer was estimated at$350,$9.75,$6.48,and$1.69,respectively.Conclusions:Traders have broadly improved their food consumption,standards of living,purchasing power,choice and ability as an economic sector.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces how green marketing influences the sustainable development of garment industry. It analyzes the cost and profit to implement green marketing, both in a short term and in the long run. In a short term, the cost may increase. However, in the long run, the income will be higher than the cost. There're five reasons: reduced cost, expanding export by breaking down green barriers, establishing the enterprise's green image, being more competitive and avoiding green tax. Therefore, implementing green marketing is pivotal to the sustainable development of garment industry.
基金Project(12YJCZH309) supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(20120041120006) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China
文摘A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).
文摘The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.
文摘Objective:To understand the existing fish distribution and marketing systems,assess marketing costs and margins and identify constraints of fish marketing systems.Methods:Data were collected from three different markets by fishermen,commission agents,wholesalers,retailers,day laborers etc.through questionnaire interviews and participatory approach during June to September,2013.Results:Four types of marketing channel were identified from farmers to consumers in all the three fish markets through a number of intermediaries.The daily supply of total fish in Binodpur Market,Talaimari Market and Shaheb Market was estimated 0.8-1 ton,0.2-0.3 ton and 8-8.1 ton,respectively.Virtually,most of the fish(75%)is imported from outside;the local supply amount is only 25%.The total marketing cost of wholesalers and retailers of the three markets were$8.58 and$6.47 per day,respectively.The average marketing margin of the wholesalers and retailers of the three markets were$0.18 and$0.25 per kg respectively.Income of fisherman,wholesaler,retailer and day laborer was estimated at$350,$9.75,$6.48,and$1.69,respectively.Conclusions:Traders have broadly improved their food consumption,standards of living,purchasing power,choice and ability as an economic sector.