Assessment of Direct Eco-value of Liangzi Lake

[Obective] This study amied to evaluate the direct usage value of Liangzi Lake, like plants and animal resources and water storage value. [Method] It was measured through the market value method. The physical environment was introduced and the productivity of the lake was investigated both through the literature materials and the investigations. The market value method was clarified in this paper as well as its operation process and the application fields. [Result] Based on the introduction of the current situation in Liangzi Lake, the direct usage value was estimated as 1.32 billion Yuan/year. Plant resources value was 318 million Yuan/year; animal resources value was 675 million Yuan/year; and water storage value was 325 million Yuan/year for the three parts. [Conclusion] This paper will attract more attention to the emphasis of the reasonable development of nature sources.

Evaluation of ecosystem supply services and calculation of economic value in Kargil District

Mountain ecosystem provides numerous vital ecosystem services(ESs)to the people residing within or near the mountains worldwide.The mountains provide services such as timber,fibre,fodder,fuelwood,medicine,aesthetic,recreation,ritual,and religion,and many other services that are vital for the maintenance of the ecosystem.The mountains of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions in Kargil District are much familiar for their ESs supply,and the residents have utilized these services for years.The present study was focused on the provisioning ESs.We used a random sample approach for household selection and data collection regarding the pre-prepared questionnaire;the number of households was obtained from government census data.The primary ESs(identified by more than 40%of the respondents)were assessed through the direct market valuation method.The direct market valuation method produced an overwhelming value,specifically for grazing and fodder services in both regions of the study area.Results showed that grazing service was valued at 482,346.43 USD/a for Barsoo region and 1,458,099.04 USD/a for Tai-Suru region.Similarly,fodder service of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions corresponded to values of 69,833.61 and 110,886.06 USD/a,respectively.On the other hand,food service of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions was valued at 2601.04 and 2969.90 USD/a,respectively,and medicinal service was valued at 757.39 and 4430.94 USD/a in Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions,respectively.In addition,the regions were economically backwards,and the resident’s survival and well-being relied on the mountain ESs.Therefore,it is not possible for the residents to pay services replacement costs if the services need to replace by other means.Unfortunately,such mountain ecosystem is highly prone to climate change and other human activities that would negatively impact the ecosystem functions.Therefore,this study would be helpful for the policymakers of the region to draft any developmental plan/framework by integrating the value of ESs that would be the key to achieving sustainable development.

The Development of Market Method of Asset Appraisal Based on the Application of Big Data

Big data could be utilized in work and life. Asset appraisal could also make full use of big data to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of appraisal. The paper is going to study the application of big data in different fields to learn how big data works in practices and what the effect is after utilizing the new tool. Then, the paper is going to apply big data in appraisal in specific work environment. By collecting information, researching literature and practicing with appraisers, this paper f＇mds some means to improve market method by making full use of big data. The article researched further by applying the method in different projects of asset appraisal. Real estate, intangible asset, corporate valuation and machines could be valued by the market method improved by big data. There are different details for appraisers to be careful in practical work. Some companies have already put the technology into practice and achieved great benefit, which makes the application of big data meaningful.

Big Data Application in Asset Appraisal Using Market Method

The big data era is coming, which influences the life of human beings in every aspect, such as working, studying, shopping and so on. The data could be uploaded and recorded by the digital devices like smart-phone and pad. The volume of data could provide useful information to hdp learn the habit of human beings and improve the efficiency of work. The domain of asset appraisal could make full use of big data to collect and sort information involving the appraised asset and market. On the one hand, market method of asset appraisal needs a plenty of information of reference substance and industry development. On the other hand, big data with the trait of volume and velocity could be utilized to collect information. The paper reveals that taking advantage of big data application in asset appraisal using market method is an evolutionary process in which the gradual understanding of the potential of big data plays a crucial role.

Study on the Theory and Method of Real Estate Property Right Appraisal

This paper first introduces the overview of real estate appraisal theory,the basic situation of real estate appraisal,the basic principles and characteristics of real estate appraisal,and three main appraisal methods.On this basis,the specific use scope of each method,the meaning of each parameter,and the influencing factors are analyzed.Then,based on the in-depth study of various existing appraisal theories and methods,a new appraisal method is proposed:the appraisal analysis method based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.

The Analysis of Bases of Market Segmentation

This paper analyses the characters of different bases of market segmentation and classes the bases into four kinds： observable general bases, observable product-specific bases, unobservable general bases and unobservable product-specific bases. The result can be used in the future research of market segmentation.