邢钢一步法(脱磷站+60 t AOD+LF)生产410S不锈钢过程中,由于AOD的冶炼周期远大于连铸机浇钢和脱磷站的处理时间和连铸中间包水口下部侵蚀严重无法实现多炉连浇,严重影响连铸机作业率和整体钢铁料消耗。提高单中间包连浇炉数有利于减少...邢钢一步法(脱磷站+60 t AOD+LF)生产410S不锈钢过程中,由于AOD的冶炼周期远大于连铸机浇钢和脱磷站的处理时间和连铸中间包水口下部侵蚀严重无法实现多炉连浇,严重影响连铸机作业率和整体钢铁料消耗。提高单中间包连浇炉数有利于减少中间包的使用数量、提高连铸机的作业率、降低钢铁料消耗、降低连铸机辅材及能源介质消耗。通过合理提高入炉冷态返回废钢比例(3.5 t/炉),选择合适合金硅含量(3.5%)来缩短410S不锈钢AOD的冶炼周期至71 min,连铸机采用中间包分体水口快换,使连浇炉数由6炉提高到12炉。展开更多
Stainless steel (SS) 410 is widely used in many components of nuclear reactors due to its good corrosion resistance and high strength. However, wear is a major issue of these components due to its continuous sliding. ...Stainless steel (SS) 410 is widely used in many components of nuclear reactors due to its good corrosion resistance and high strength. However, wear is a major issue of these components due to its continuous sliding. SS 420 and Colmonoy 5 particles were deposited over SS 410 substrate by laser cladding process. Then, X-ray diffraction was used to find the phases present after cladding process. Further, coating morphologies were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) twinned with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The obtained morphology indicates the hard laves phase present in the Colmonoy 5 cladding surface and needle-like structure in SS 420 cladding surface. Then, Vickers microhardness test was carried out in order to study the hardness and load-carrying capacity of the cladding specimen. Among those, Colmonoy 5 cladding specimen provide higher hardness due to the presence of laves phase formation. Then, the dry sliding wear study was conducted to calculate the mass loss after 2500 m of sliding. The combined effect of hardness and laves phase formation were reflected in dry sliding wear study analysis of the specimens. Then, to study the wear mechanism and roughness, worn surface morphologies were captured using SEM and white light interferometer, respectively.展开更多
The Co-based alloy/AISI 410 stainless steel dissimilar welded joint was fabricated by the electron beam welding(EBW)technique.The anomalous microstructure containing the element transition zone(ETZ)and/or core of tail...The Co-based alloy/AISI 410 stainless steel dissimilar welded joint was fabricated by the electron beam welding(EBW)technique.The anomalous microstructure containing the element transition zone(ETZ)and/or core of tail-like zone(CTLZ)is in the weld metal(WM)adjacent to the fusion line.The melting temperature difference between the WM and AISI 410 steel,melt stirring effect and element diffusion can trigger the formation of such anomalous microstructure.In particular,the larger distance of the region in WM away from the fusion line,the smaller CTLZ and larger ETZ occurred.Compared with the fine and ellipsoidal precipitates in the as-welded CTLZ,a large number of chain-type clustered precipitates were detected in the CTLZ and ETZ interface after the aging treatment at 566°C for 1000 h.The element diffusion under elevated temperature in WM is regarded as the crucial factor for such anomalous microstructure evolution during the aging treatment.展开更多
In the present study, a grade of stainless steel （SS, 410） and copper plates were joined through diffusion bonding by using a nickel interlayer at temperature range of 800-950℃. These were performed through pressin...In the present study, a grade of stainless steel （SS, 410） and copper plates were joined through diffusion bonding by using a nickel interlayer at temperature range of 800-950℃. These were performed through pressing the specimens under a pressure of 12 MPa for 60 min under 1.33×10-2 Pa （10-4 torr） vacuum. The microstructure and phase constitution near the diffusion bonding interface of Cu/Ni and Ni/SS were studied by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and an elemental analyses through energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. The results indicated that an obvious diffusion zone was formed near both Cu/Ni and Ni/SS interfaces during the vacuum diffusion bonding. The thickness of reaction layer in both interfaces was increased with increasing process temperature. The diffusion transition region near the Cu/Ni and Ni/SS interfaces consist of complete solid solution zone and various phases based on （Fe, Ni）, （Fe, Cr, Ni） and （Fe, Cr）, respectively. From EDS results, three different mixtures of phases were distinguished in SS-Ni interface. The activation energy and rate constant were determined for the growth of these reaction layers and the values become maximum for the （γFe＋Cr＋αFe＋Cr）.phase mixture.展开更多
文摘邢钢一步法(脱磷站+60 t AOD+LF)生产410S不锈钢过程中,由于AOD的冶炼周期远大于连铸机浇钢和脱磷站的处理时间和连铸中间包水口下部侵蚀严重无法实现多炉连浇,严重影响连铸机作业率和整体钢铁料消耗。提高单中间包连浇炉数有利于减少中间包的使用数量、提高连铸机的作业率、降低钢铁料消耗、降低连铸机辅材及能源介质消耗。通过合理提高入炉冷态返回废钢比例(3.5 t/炉),选择合适合金硅含量(3.5%)来缩短410S不锈钢AOD的冶炼周期至71 min,连铸机采用中间包分体水口快换,使连浇炉数由6炉提高到12炉。
基金Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Taiwan,China,for providing financial support to carry out this research work.
文摘Stainless steel (SS) 410 is widely used in many components of nuclear reactors due to its good corrosion resistance and high strength. However, wear is a major issue of these components due to its continuous sliding. SS 420 and Colmonoy 5 particles were deposited over SS 410 substrate by laser cladding process. Then, X-ray diffraction was used to find the phases present after cladding process. Further, coating morphologies were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) twinned with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The obtained morphology indicates the hard laves phase present in the Colmonoy 5 cladding surface and needle-like structure in SS 420 cladding surface. Then, Vickers microhardness test was carried out in order to study the hardness and load-carrying capacity of the cladding specimen. Among those, Colmonoy 5 cladding specimen provide higher hardness due to the presence of laves phase formation. Then, the dry sliding wear study was conducted to calculate the mass loss after 2500 m of sliding. The combined effect of hardness and laves phase formation were reflected in dry sliding wear study analysis of the specimens. Then, to study the wear mechanism and roughness, worn surface morphologies were captured using SEM and white light interferometer, respectively.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1760102 and 52101042).
文摘The Co-based alloy/AISI 410 stainless steel dissimilar welded joint was fabricated by the electron beam welding(EBW)technique.The anomalous microstructure containing the element transition zone(ETZ)and/or core of tail-like zone(CTLZ)is in the weld metal(WM)adjacent to the fusion line.The melting temperature difference between the WM and AISI 410 steel,melt stirring effect and element diffusion can trigger the formation of such anomalous microstructure.In particular,the larger distance of the region in WM away from the fusion line,the smaller CTLZ and larger ETZ occurred.Compared with the fine and ellipsoidal precipitates in the as-welded CTLZ,a large number of chain-type clustered precipitates were detected in the CTLZ and ETZ interface after the aging treatment at 566°C for 1000 h.The element diffusion under elevated temperature in WM is regarded as the crucial factor for such anomalous microstructure evolution during the aging treatment.
文摘In the present study, a grade of stainless steel （SS, 410） and copper plates were joined through diffusion bonding by using a nickel interlayer at temperature range of 800-950℃. These were performed through pressing the specimens under a pressure of 12 MPa for 60 min under 1.33×10-2 Pa （10-4 torr） vacuum. The microstructure and phase constitution near the diffusion bonding interface of Cu/Ni and Ni/SS were studied by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and an elemental analyses through energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. The results indicated that an obvious diffusion zone was formed near both Cu/Ni and Ni/SS interfaces during the vacuum diffusion bonding. The thickness of reaction layer in both interfaces was increased with increasing process temperature. The diffusion transition region near the Cu/Ni and Ni/SS interfaces consist of complete solid solution zone and various phases based on （Fe, Ni）, （Fe, Cr, Ni） and （Fe, Cr）, respectively. From EDS results, three different mixtures of phases were distinguished in SS-Ni interface. The activation energy and rate constant were determined for the growth of these reaction layers and the values become maximum for the （γFe＋Cr＋αFe＋Cr）.phase mixture.
