成为男人--Manhood与Masculinity的对立、辨析与融合

在当代女性寻求“性别公正”的过程中,男性主体也被置于巨大的不确定性当中。这是一个男性气质不断变动的时代,有关理想男性形象的讨论从未停止。通过对大卫•D.吉尔默的《发明男性气概》进行系统梳理,可将问题导向学界对男性气概与男性气质的论争,同时回顾男性研究的历史,以澄清概念之间的差异与联系。尽管目前国内的男性研究领域仍然比较沉默,但也在一定程度上拥有了理性自觉。通过考察国内的男性气质研究现状,并分析经验研究中理论的呈现方式,能够指出未来的拓展方向,这有利于构建更加和谐的性别文化。

“There is Always The Other Side”: Deconstruction of English Identity and Masculinity——Intertextuality between Wide Sargasso Sea and Jane Eyre

Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea is the classic revisionary novella of Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre. It rewrites the tragic story of Mr. Rochester's voiceless and lunatic ex-wife, Berthe Mason. This paper turns to the intertextual relationship between the two texts and argues that the subversive rewriting of Wide Sargasso Sea destabilizes and deconstructs Mr. Rochester's English identity and masculinity, which are manifestly presented in the pre-text. It therefore renders the young Mr. Rochester problematic and insufficient, reveals"the other side"of the story and articulately tells the truth about who is really the mad one.

The“Conscious Absence”and“Virtuoso Presence”of Hegemonic Masculinity——Deciphering Ian McEwan's Atonement

Wittingly concealing the father images in his novel Atonement(2001), McEwan creates the"absence"of traditional hegemonic masculinity, which is a conscious activity in a combined consideration of the figural and thematic progress, the grim social context, as well as his anxiety of influence and identity. Although this manliness is effaced on the surface, regarding the powerful images within, male authority still keeps running through the whole work. Hegemonic masculinity"presents"in manifold transformed and metaphorical forms, invisibly dictating the development of the protagonists and plots. This paper, giving a masculine reading through R.W. Connell's lens, aims to analyze and crystallize McEwan's such male writing, and finally to reach his real concerns: to deconstruct patriarchal culture, to defy dominant discourse, and to build a new order that opens up a real equality and coexistence for both the two sexes.

On the Elements of Masculinity and Femininity in Arthur Miller’s Dramas

Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century in the United States,together with the conscience of American drama.Nevertheless,his works have always been considered as having misogynic inclinations.This paper,on the basis of gender theories,seeks to undertake an interpretation to the elements of masculinity and femininity regarding female characters in Arthur Miller’s dramas.Taking The Crucible and A Memory of Two Mondays as a case in point,the author seeks to identify and discuss three categories of female characters,comprising“the angel in the house”,the figure of Medea,and the silenced and absent females,in order to deconstruct Miller’s dichotomized outlook on females.

A Model for Reference： On the Masculinity in The Dahomean

This paper is about the model of masculinity exhibited in the African American novelist Frank Yerby＇s historical novel The Dahomean （1971） which is a classic text for masculinity study but has been ignored. In a flash-back narration, the novel tells us the legendary experience of Nyasanu in Africa before he becomes a slave in the south of America, portrays a well-rounded and authentic Black male character, and constructs a model of masculinity of great value for reference. The model of masculinity demonstrated by Nyasanu is no longer limited by the rigid and unitary stipulations of traditional gender concept. It is a model which integrates tenderness into toughness, combines physical power or military prowess with mental power or wisdom, and most importantly, a model that stresses men＇s agency and authenticity. At the same time, by the resentment of war and cherishement of life, this model of masculinity exhibits considerable ethical dimension and humanitarianism. It can be said that the model of masculinity inscribed in The Dahornean is of much enlightening importance for contemporary people to reflect upon the patriarchal culture and prevalent gender notions such as gender role concept. As for people＇s pursueing and constructing their ideal masculinity, the model of masculinity embodied in The Dahomean can be an important model for reference.

Women as Part of the Patriarchy： Masculinity, Women, andRelationships in Virginia Woolf＇s Novels

This article focuses on three of Virginia Woolf＇s widely read novels, Jacob＇s Room, Mrs. Dalloway, and To theLighthouse. I focus on the male protagonists in the novels Jacob Flanders, Richard Dalloway, and Mr. Ramsay. Upto this point, literary studies and women＇s studies almost focus on the positive female characters in her works andignore the constructs of masculinity that she discusses in her fiction. Furthermore, critics do not critique the femalecharacters and take into consideration their role as perpetrators in the patriarchy in order to maintain the patriarchalregime. I argue that the female characters in these novels police the male characters in their performance ofmasculinity, which in turn makes them perpetrators of the same discourse that in turn oppresses them. In this article,I use theorists such as Judith Butler, Nancy Chodorow, and Judith （who now identifies as Jack） Halberstam todiscuss the sex/gender system and how women can hold oppressive roles within the patriarchy. Finally, I willconclude that Virginia Woolf needs more exposure with feminist theory and masculinity studies because of theradical characterizations of people she promotes in her fiction.

Promoting Effect of School Physical Education on Adolescent Mental Health Education--On the Cultivation of“Masculinity”

This paper learned the status quo of adolescent mental health through literature method.In recent years,the lack of“masculinity”has attracted more and more attention from the society,which has become a hot topic at present.The lack of“masculinity”is also closely related to the problems of adolescent mental health.By analyzing the causes of the lack of youth“masculinity”,this paper makes clear the mission of the times that school sports should undertake in the process of shaping youth“masculinity”in the new era:(1)strengthen the top-level design of policy and pay attention to policy guarantee;(2)integrated education of physical education and moral education,focusing on the training of students’sense of responsibility and moral responsibility;(3)improve the competition system,promote learning by“competition”,and promote teaching by“competition”to strengthen physical quality practice and build up physical and mental health quality;(4)strengthen the condition guarantee:“matching”and“strengthening”physical education teachers,reform the physical education teaching content,strengthen the school physical education curriculum system.Only from the action,the idea,the method step by step to perfect,the implementation of the ground,the school physical education to the youth’s mental health problems can play a real role in promoting.

Redefining Masculinity:A Comparative Study of Olive Schreiner’s The Story of an African Farmand Allan Grant’s The Woman Who Did

Illuminated by the idea that like women,Victorian men often felt the need to transgress or redefine the gender roles society assigned to them,I compared two distinguished New Women fictions The Story of an African Farm written by the pioneer New Woman Olive Schreiner,and The Women Who Did authored by Allen Grant to see how male characters embrace new models of masculinity.With a feminist perspective and a close textual reading approach,I intend to argue that the efforts male characters paid in redefining gender roles in embracing womanhood as free,fearless,and independent,accompanying them with love,understanding,and support have concerns for the integrity of both woman and men,and will lead to a healthy and beautiful human life.

Redefining Masculinity:A Comparative Study of Olive Schreiner’s The Story of an African Farmand Allan Grant’s The Woman Who Did

Illuminated by the idea that like women,Victorian men often felt the need to transgress or redefine the gender roles society assigned to them,I compared two distinguished New Women fictions The Story of an African Farm written by the pioneer New Woman Olive Schreiner,and The Women Who Did authored by Allen Grant to see how male characters embrace new models of masculinity.With a feminist perspective and a close textual reading approach,I intend to argue that the efforts male characters paid in redefining gender roles in embracing womanhood as free,fearless,and independent,accompanying them with love,understanding,and support have concerns for the integrity of both woman and men,and will lead to a healthy and beautiful human life.

Male Images under Hegemonic Masculinity in The Joy Luck Club

Amy Tan is a famous Chinese American woman writer.Her first novel The Joy Luck Club has gained success immediately after its publication.The book tells the stories about four Chinese mothers and four Chinese American daughters,while the male im⁃ages are usually ignored by readers.This paper attempts to analyze male images through hegemonic masculinity,explore males’at⁃titude towards women,and discuss women’s reaction to men’s dominance.The paper criticizes men’s absolute dominance over women in old China and modern America.By analyzing the males’characteristics in old China and modern America,the paper concludes that men and women are equal in the society and women should recognize their position to protect themselves in patriar⁃chal society.

Reflection of the Change of Discourses: Masculinity in The Sun Also Rises

The thesis intends to interpret the masculine hero in Earnest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises by discourse analysis. As Foucault mentioned, every discourse is the reflection of power. The common norm of masculinity at that time is the reflection of dominant discourses, and Hemingway's works are the reflection of marginal discourses, such as the call of President Roosevelt and the anxiety for a masculine society of scholars who influenced Hemingway deeply.

It Was 50 Years Ago Today： Reading the Beatles as a Challenge to Discourses of Hegemonic Masculinity

This paper explores the notion of the Beatles as a text through which to explore representations of hegemonic masculinity in ＂the sixties＂. It will argue that the Beatles produced an anti-hegemonic masculine discourse through a number of aspects of their work, challenging ideas about men and masculinities prevalent at the time of their existence as a working group and beyond. Rooted in the literature on men and masculinities the paper draws together a number of authors＇ work and presents ideas from the author＇s own work, using discourse analysis of the Beatles＇ live action films, based on a framework suggested by Foucault, Van Dijk, Hall, and McKee. An exploration of the ways in which the Beatles challenged and subverted traditional ideas about masculinity and the way in which their global fame provided a vehicle for representations of alternative versions of masculinity is the basis of the resultant discussion.

Gender-based violence and hegemonic masculinity in China:an analysis based on the quantitative research

Based on a survey implemented in a county in central China,the researchers found it is common for women to experience gender-based violence,especially violence at the hands of intimate partners.About half of men surveyed reported inflicting physical or sexual violence on their female partners.One in five men reported having raped a partner or non-partner woman.The physical,mental and reproductive health of the female and male respondents were found to be significantly associated with women’s victimization and men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence.Gender-based violence,including intimate partner violence,is a construction of the social-ecological system.Four elements that are key to hegemonic masculinity are identified:male decision-making,male reputation,violence and heterosexuality.By positing the four elements as standards that define a“real man”,the domination of men over women is naturalized and legitimized.It is necessary to foster other non-violent and more equitable masculinities.

Beware the Demon of Love Jihad! The Gendered and Sexual Abjectification of Muslim Masculinities by Hindu Nationalists on Twitter

In this paper,I examine the Twitter accounts of right-wing extremist groups(RWEGs)in India,arguing that the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is central to the narratives of Hindu supremacist groups.The abjectification process on Twitter serves as a rhetorical device to:a)criticize and problematize Muslim masculinities;b)idealize and glorify Hindu and white masculinities;c)promote Hindu and white masculine nationalist projects;and d)unify Hindu supremacists against Muslim others.By analyzing the gender ideologies expressed implicitly or explicitly on the Twitter accounts of RWEGs,and using the“Love Jihad”conspiracy case as a focal point,I demonstrate how the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is constructed in opposition to the idealized Hindu masculinities.This study highlights the intersection of gender and nationalism in the digital discourse of Hindu supremacist groups,offering insights into the mechanisms through which social media platforms are used to reinforce and propagate Islamophobic ideologies.

Mass Media Effect on Gender Identity

Under the mass media effect,media both enable and constrain the audience to shape their gender identity.The purpose of this article is to review and consider the role media plays in the process of construction of contemporary gendered identities;especially the relationship among men,masculinity and media.

Sexualities研究介入男性研究的意义与展望

男性研究是以社会性别视角为出发点的,对传统社会性别模式影响下男性所做的研究,masculinities(男性气质)为其研究核心。在欧美,男性研究起源于20世纪七八十年代对女性主义的回应。男性研究涉及男性生活的各个方面,包括sexualities。中国两岸三地男性研究刚刚起步,男性研究中的sexualities则完全空白。在未来的研究中需要注意综合性、本土化、应用性、学术主流化问题。男性研究中的sexualities的一些具体项目设想。

Unsex of Characters in Jacob’s Room

In Jacob's Room, Virginia Woolf depicts a couple of womanish male and mannish female characters, coming into being an unsex society, which represents a thought experiment to hope to find a way to overcome the gender discrimination in the patriarchal world.

Sex-Role Orientation in Men Is Related to Salivary Testosterone Levels

Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.

The Influence of Culture and Customs on International Business Communications

This paper discusses culture. Scholars have not been able to agree on a definition of culture but most include values and norms as components of their definition. Intercultural communication is vital that skill managers must possess in order to effectively do business in foreign countries. Hofstede＇s theory of national cultural dimensions is employed to provide a framework for defining intercultural communication. Subsequently, several countries are examined using Hofstede＇s scoring system for cultural dimensions. This is followed by a discussion of ways to achieve intercultural competence.

Feminizing the Masculine Body in Carson McCullers’s The Ballad of the Sad Cafe

Mainly applying gender studies to the analysis of Carson McCullers’s The Ballad of the Sad Cafe,with the body as the focus,this paper explores how the masculine Amelia is feminized for the purpose of resolving masculinity crisis embodied by Marvin Macy and Cousin Lymon,concluding that the culturally constructed normative sex and gender dichotomy operates by disciplining otherness,causing gender identification trouble and disempowerment.