Construction Technical Temperature Cracking for a and Control of Concrete Plate Type Raft Foundation

The mass fiat raft foundation Section is large and Cement is in large quantities, the temperature changes in the larger cement hydration heat of the water releasing, the temperature stress is main reason reducing cracking. According to the basement of a project of Guangzhou large slab raft foundation engineering as an example, Discussing the construction technology measures of early crack of large volume concrete of raft plate in the process of construction,. The results show that it Can effectively prevents the slab foundation structure cracking and achieves good results through controlling Concrete materials and concrete temperature Parameter such as the lifting machine temperature and the pouring temperature and the expansion joint or the whole pouring length.

Spatial Thermal Crack Control in Mass Concrete

The finite element software,MIDAS is used to predict the distribution of temperatures and,analyzes the cracking control methods within a hydrating mass concrete.The temperature control of mass concrete has great significance in assuring the project quality.Adiabatic or semi adiabatic temperature measurement is mostly used for measuring and controlling the temperature fluctuation during construction.The temperature distribution produced by the finite element thermal analysis of the model is used to quantify the maximum allowable internal temperature difference before crack initiation on concrete.This study analyzes the data from one high-rise structure project in Shanghai are used to verify the finite element model developed.Results suggest that reliance on a limiting maximum temperature differential to control cracking in massive concrete applications should be supplemented with a requirement for analysis showing the calculated spatial temperature and stress response to the predicted temperature distribution within the concrete,to ensure that the induced tensile stresses will not exceed the tensile strength of the concrete and so minimize the risk of having thermal cracks at early age.

Temperature control and cracking prevention in coastal thin-wall concrete structures

A three-dimensional finite element program for thermal analysis of hydration heat in concrete structures with a plastic pipe cooling system is introduced in this paper. The program was applied to simulation of the temperature and stress field of the Cao＇e Sluice during the construction period. From the calculated results, we can find that the temperaiure and stress of concrete cooled with plastic pipes are much lower than those of concrete without pipes. Moreover, plastic pipes could not be corroded by seawater. That is to say, a good effect of temperature control and cracking prevention can be achieved, which provides a useful reference for other similar nearshore concrete projects.

Investigation on Cracking of Concrete Shear Wall under Exceeded Temperature Differences Rate

In situ, the changes of temperature, deformation, and stressing of steel bar of C40 reinforced concrete shear wall were measured, respectively. The results are obvious that the temperature change of climate is one of the most effective factors which could lead the concrete shear wall to cracking at earlier age. The temperature differences between inside and outside concrete shear wall are so large that the concrete will gain larger shrinkage. This larger shrinkage which is caused by the temperature reducing ratio will gain the strained action of head, end and reinforced steel bar of concrete shear wall. This action can lead to tensile stress on the surface and inside concrete shear wall. If the tensile stress would exceed the pull strength of concrete, the concrete shear wall would crack and cause deterioration. Thus, the enhancing curing of concrete shear wall in suit at earlier age, and controlling temperature reducing ratio and deform caused by shrinkage, will be available treatments which control occurring and developing of cracking on concrete shear wall.

Simulation of the Cracking and Ablation Behavior of Ferrosiliceous and Siliceous Nuclear Sacrificial Concretes

We investigated the simulation of the cracking and ablation behavior of ferro-siliceous and siliceous nuclear sacrificial concretes. To this end, four type of sacrificial concretes were fabricated, i e, the ferro-siliceous（F） and siliceous（S） plain concretes, and the polypropylene fiber reinforced concretes of the above two（FF, SF）. The cracking and ablation behaviors of the sacrificial concretes were investigated by simulation tests, and the simulated elevated temperature was obtained by means of thermite powder. The number and the width of the cracks were compared and the pore size distribution of sacrificial concretes was measured. In addition, the interface and chemical composition of melt at different positions were analyzed, and the ablation depth of the sacrificial concrete crucibles was also measured. It was found that the siliceous concrete shows to be more prone to cracking than the ferro-siliceous concrete due to the higher content of fly ash and lower water to binder ratio; though the ablation depth of siliceous concrete is found to be slightly larger, no clear difference can be detected for the basemat ablation rate.

Temperature and Stress Analysis of An Experimental Model of Prestressed Lightweight Concrete Platform

This paper presents an experimental study of a prestressed lightweight concrete platform model with a tank and for five steel-columns. This platform can be used not only for extraction but also for storage of oil and is suitable for the Bohai Sea and other shallow seas of China. The platform is subjected to temperature. load, or both. The corresponding temperature distribution. strains, cracks. and vulnerable parts of the platform are analyzed respectively. By use of the finite element method and empirical formulas, the temperature field of the model is analyzed. The results agree with the experimental results, thereby verifying! the reliability of these two calculating methods. The paper provides an experimental basis for the des sign of the bearing capacity and normal service state of prestressed concrete platforms.

Multi-powder dam concrete with high performance and low adiabatic temperature rise

Based on the fluidity, strength, heat of hydration and loop crack resistance experiment of multi-powder paste, the components and proportion of multi-powder were optimized and the concrete properties were studied. The multi-powder consists of limestone powder, slag, fly ash and moderate heat Portland cement (PMH cement). The results show that the compressive strength of the multi-powder paste and mortar is close to those of PMH cement, fly ash paste and mortar currently used in dam concrete, yet the flexural strength is relatively higher. The multi-powder paste is featured by larger fluidity, lower heat of hydration and delayed cracking time. In comparison, less unit water consumption and cement is used in multi-powder concrete, and under premise of equal mechanical performance, deformation, thermal performance and durability, the adiabatic temperature rise at 28 d is reduced by 2 ℃. In this way, the crack resistance is improved and it is feasible both technically and economically to produce HPC for dam concrete.

自密实高抗裂混凝土在盾构隧道工作井侧墙中的应用

采用明挖顺作法施工的盾构隧道工作井侧墙位于由维护结构、环框梁、底板及模板组成的密封空间内,其受到的约束作用强,施工难度大,容易因混凝土收缩开裂及浇筑不密实导致渗漏。依托在建的江阴靖江长江隧道工程,在室内研究的基础上,通过现场系列模型试验,比较了采用不同混凝土材料及施工工艺时混凝土结构的密实性。模型试验及工程应用结果表明,采用自密实高抗裂混凝土,结合布料工艺、浇筑速率、分层浇筑静置时间的控制,并辅以必要的振捣,可保证混凝土浇筑密实,进一步结合抗裂温控措施,可消除混凝土收缩裂缝,避免工作井侧墙出现渗漏。

高温后混凝土单轴拉伸和压缩破坏规律及力学性能研究

本文对常温及高温作用后的混凝土进行单轴拉伸和压缩试验,同时使用数字图像相关方法(DIC)观测混凝土试件表面的变形演化过程,探究高温后混凝土拉伸和压缩过程中裂缝的变形演化及力学性能衰减规律。结果表明,随着温度升高,混凝土表面裂缝的萌生和扩展时间逐渐提前,破坏时表面应变集中区的宽度及相应的应变数值逐渐增大,裂缝扩展程度更加显著,当温度达到800℃时,甚至呈多裂缝扩展形态。裂缝的显著扩展增加了混凝土的耗能,使高温损伤后混凝土的延性增加。比较高温后混凝土拉伸和压缩应变云图可知,裂缝开裂引起的应变集中区宽度相近,但压缩试件的应变数值略高于拉伸试件。裂缝的萌生和扩展影响混凝土的力学性能,随着温度升高,混凝土抗拉强度、抗压强度及弹性模量不断下降,峰值应力处的应变逐渐增加;拉伸应力应变曲线由双阶段逐渐转变为三阶段,破坏特征由脆性转变为延性;而压缩应力应变曲线始终为三阶段,与单轴拉伸相比,压缩破坏的延性特征更加明显。

盾构井底板混凝土温控参数敏感性分析

以珠江三角洲水资源配置工程的典型盾构井底板为例,采用saptis三维有限元软件,进行浇筑温度和通水冷却温控参数敏感性分析。结果表明,高温季节降低浇筑温度有利于控制混凝土内部最高温度,浇筑温度每增高1℃,内部最高温度增加约0.79℃,建议将浇筑温度降低至23℃;优化通水冷却参数(加密冷却水管,降低通水水温,适当延长通水时长)能达到良好的温控防裂效果。

基于温湿度控制设计地下抗裂防渗漏混凝土的应用研究

文中基于温湿度控制思路,通过大掺量粉煤灰、多级配低空隙率骨料、分段补偿收缩和温湿度监测调控等成套技术设计抗裂防渗漏混凝土,以缓解或彻底消除地下结构开裂渗漏。

超宽鱼腹式现浇箱梁混凝土裂缝控制

近年来,国内站城综合体TOD开发成为一种新型建筑模式,地铁、市政道路、商业综合体等多种大体量建筑形态交叉同步施工成为工程实践难题。基于此,结合已经实施的成都博览城综合交通枢纽工程,解析福州路桥鱼腹式多幅四箱室闭合型超宽箱梁,采取优化混凝土配合比、U形冷却管布置、后浇带布置、支架沉降控制、箱梁浇筑顺序等5种措施,解决大体积C60梁体混凝土防开裂难题,并取得明显实践成果,获得国家优质工程奖和土木工程詹天佑奖。

裂缝控制材料对混凝土收缩及微观性能影响

研究了减缩剂、膨胀剂等裂缝控制材料对混凝土抗压强度和收缩性能的影响,并结合低场核磁共振、扫描电镜试验分析了裂缝控制材料对水泥的水化特性以及混凝土孔隙结构影响规律。研究结果表明:在混凝土中掺入减缩剂和膨胀剂后,试样的干燥收缩率明显降低,膨胀剂的改善作用效果优于减缩剂。与基准组相比,减缩剂和膨胀剂试样90 d的干燥收缩分别降低了4.1%~10.3%和14%~21.7%。同时,减缩剂试样应变发展速率系数从80.48降低至54.59,而膨胀剂试样降低至41.69。微观测试结果表明:膨胀剂的加入加速了水泥早期水化进程,但后期的水化程度低于基准组。减缩剂和膨胀剂的掺入一定程度上削弱了混凝土基体的微观结构,增加了基体中有害孔的含量,但降低了混凝土中孔径<50 nm的孔隙含量。

PCCP管芯混凝土防裂控裂技术研究进展

预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)在我国引调水工程中发挥着重要作用,PCCP运行的安全性对水资源的配置至关重要,关系国计民生。当管芯混凝土内表面产生有害裂缝后,在水压力的作用下会引起内管芯混凝土破坏,导致钢筒被锈蚀,形成安全隐患,因此,针对管芯内壁混凝土裂缝预防和控制的研究对水资源的合理利用具有重大意义。为了预防和减少PCCP内壁出现有害裂缝,根据国内外学者的研究成果,概述了PCCP管芯内壁混凝土裂缝的种类和形式,即纵向裂缝、螺旋裂缝和插口端裂缝;总结了干燥收缩、沉降收缩、温度收缩、焊缝、缠丝应力、吊装运输等因素与PCCP内壁混凝土裂缝的关系;分别从PCCP设计、原材料、配合比、养护制度、焊缝、钢筒、插口和裂缝自愈合、纤维增强材料等方面总结了PCCP管芯内壁裂缝的预防和控制方法。最后,对PCCP管芯混凝土内壁裂缝的控制和预防进行了展望,为继续研究提供思路。

东南亚地区某碾压混凝土坝裂缝成因及防治措施研究

混凝土裂缝是影响水工结构强度和耐久性的主要因素之一,东南亚地区全年高温多雨,月均最大温差较小(8.6℃),年均温差大(20.2℃),混凝土温度容易控制,但裂缝问题时有发生。依托东南亚地区某碾压混凝土坝,采用有限元研究施工期温度应力的变化规律,分析混凝土开裂的敏感因素,并就其温控防裂措施开展详细研究。结果表明,浇筑长间歇及寒潮侵袭显著影响混凝土温度应力的变化,老混凝土的强约束作用及新老混凝土的温差影响叠加寒潮应力,导致混凝土应力超标出现温度裂缝。在上述研究的基础上,进一步探讨了降低新浇混凝土温度应力的温控措施,为东南亚地区大体积混凝土工程的建设提供一定的参考。

明挖法超长节段现浇混凝土隧道早期开裂机制现场试验研究

为研究超长节段明挖隧道混凝土早期开裂机制,依托实际工程,根据隧道前期已浇筑节段开裂情况调查结果,在隧道侧墙和顶板结构的中心线处埋置温度、湿度、应变传感器,对混凝土早龄期的温度、湿度、应变进行连续监测,并结合温度应力理论和现场裂缝调查对隧道混凝土早期开裂机制进行分析。分析结果表明:1)隧道侧墙和顶板结构浇筑后产生的水化热温升可达40℃以上,隧道顶板结构应变的变化趋势主要与温度相关。2)结构温度下降引起的收缩变形在受到下部旧混凝土的约束作用后产生的拉应力是引起开裂的主要原因;长度方向上的应变差、里表温差产生的不均匀收缩和湿度下降产生的干燥收缩会进一步加大开裂风险。3)结构中心与外表面的最大温差高出与内表面的最大温差12℃以上,因而结构外表面更容易出现开裂。4)在连续式的外约束作用下,浇筑段中部开裂的可能性更大。5)结构表面与内部的裂缝会逐渐沿裂缝走向扩展导致风险较低的区域也出现开裂。

建筑工程中筏板基础大体积混凝土温度裂缝计算及施工技术

该文以某高层建筑为例,探究筏板基础大体积混凝土温度裂缝的计算方法及混凝土施工技术。分别计算各龄期混凝土的收缩变形值、弹性模量、温度应力等参数,然后求解抗裂安全系数。计算结果显示,大体积混凝土各龄期的抗裂安全系数均大于1.0,满足抗裂要求。在大体积混凝土施工中,重点加强物料质量检验与配合比设计,以及混凝土浇筑、养护等环节的施工管理,把握施工技术要点,才能提高筏板基础的施工质量。在混凝土养护结束后进行温度测控,结果表明大体积混凝土内外温差较小,不存在温度裂缝的风险。

基于随机森林算法的混凝土浇筑仓内部最高温度预测

为有效预测混凝土浇筑仓内部最高温度,引入随机森林算法,建立了基于随机森林算法的混凝土浇筑仓内部最高温度预测模型,结合西部某典型混凝土坝工程,收集高、低温季节浇筑仓实测温度,以冷却水管进出口水温、通水流量、浇筑仓层厚和环境气温为输入,混凝土浇筑仓内部最高温度为输出,采用所建模型进行训练和优化。实例应用结果表明,与传统BP神经网络预测模型相比,基于随机森林算法的混凝土浇筑仓内部最高温度预测模型对混凝土内部最高温度预测具有更好的效果。

低温季节泵送混凝土结构施工期温控防裂研究

低温季节施工时针对泵闸等结构泵送混凝土防冻与防裂的技术难题,以SYG工程为例,结合工程实际施工过程及现场温控监测成果进行大体积泵送混凝土温控防裂反馈分析;对比分析了不通水工况与实际通水工况下的应力曲线与混凝土容许拉应力曲线,并结合现场温控过程中存在的主要问题探讨了低温季节下泵闸工程的温控防裂技术.结果表明,在-8℃的较低温度下,采取充分的水管冷却和严格的表面保温措施可有效控制结构内部最高温度、内外温差以及最大拉应力水平,减小水闸结构开裂风险.本工程温控实践经验可为类似条件下的泵闸工程提供参考.

钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙裂缝控制及监测分析

以实际工程为背景,对1.7 m厚钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙的裂缝控制及监测进行分析。大体积混凝土构件,由于其水化热比较高容易产生温度裂缝,基于此首先对原材料及配合比进行优化设计,降低混凝土水化热。然后对大厚度组合剪力墙浇筑后采取合理的养护措施控制其内部温度以及对裂缝发生情况进行实测分析,最后经过一系列针对性的裂缝控制措施及监测结果表明,采用优化设计对大厚度组合剪力墙的裂缝控制优于同类工程的裂缝控制效果。